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OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory biomarkers, as well as dietary intake in Brazilian children diagnosed with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and compared them with their counterparts without SIBO. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with 106 children aged 7 to 10 years. A glucose-hydrogen breath test was performed to diagnose small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Anthropometric and dietary characteristics were assessed. Blood samples were collected and serum biochemical parameters and cytokines were measured. RESULTS: The occurrence of SIBO was 13.2%. Age, BMI, BMI/age WC, BFP, sex and biochemical markers were similar between SIBO-positive and SIBO-negative children (p > 0.05). High consumption of ultra-processed foods tended to be higher in SIBO-positive compared to SIBO-negative children (47.8 ± 8.2 vs. 42.6 ± 9.5, p = 0.06). Serum levels of IL-17 were higher in SIBO-positive than in SIBO-negative children [69.5 (5.4-125.7) vs. 53.4 (2.3-157.7), p = 0.03], while serum levels of IL-10 were lower in SIBO-positive than in SIBO-negative children [2.3 (0.6-7.2) vs. 5.7 (0.5-30.8), p = 0.04]. Finally, in a logistic regression adjusted for sex, BMI and age, consumption of ultra-processed foods (p = 0.03) and IL-6 levels (p = 0.003) were found to contribute to the occurrence of SIBO. CONCLUSION: this study identified for the first time an occurrence of 13% of SIBO in children living in the northeastern region of Brazil and showed that consumption of ultra-processed foods and serum levels of IL-6 may influence the occurrence of the SIBO in the pediatrics population.
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Biomarcadores , Alimento Processado , Intestino Delgado , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Biomarcadores/sangue , Síndrome da Alça Cega/sangue , Síndrome da Alça Cega/diagnóstico , Brasil/epidemiologia , Testes Respiratórios , Estudos Transversais , Citocinas/sangue , Dieta , Inflamação/sangue , Intestino Delgado/microbiologiaRESUMO
Background/aims: The metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and obesity are frequent comorbidities with a high prevalence worldwide. Their pathogenesis are multifactorial, including intestinal dysbiosis. The role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in MASLD progression in obese patients remains unknown. We aimed to determine the association between SIBO and the severity of MASLD in obese patients. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study was conducted in obese patients, diagnosed with or without MASLD by liver biopsy. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver (MASL), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis without fibrosis (MASH-NF), MASH with fibrosis (MASH-F), or without MASLD (control subjects, CS) were identified by presence of steatosis, portal and lobular inflammation, and fibrosis. SIBO was determined by standardized lactulose breath tests. Results: A total of 59 patients with MASLD, 16 with MASL, 20 with MASH-NF, 23 with MASH-F, and 14 CS were recruited. Higher percentages of SIBO were observed in MASLD patients (44.2%) compared to CS (14.2%; p = 0.0363). Interestingly, MASH-F showed higher percentages of SIBO (65.2%) in comparison to non-fibrotic MASLD (33.3%; p = 0.0165). The presence of SIBO was not correlated with the level of hepatic steatosis in MASLD patients. Conclusions: A positive correlation between MASLD and SIBO in obese patients was principally explained by the presence of liver fibrosis. Our findings suggest a pathogenic role of intestinal dysbiosis in the progression of MASLD. Future research will elucidate the underlying mechanisms of SIBO in MASLD advancement.
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INTRODUCTION: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed drugs. Chronic PPI use has recently been associated with the risk for developing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). It is not known whether the short-term prescription of a PPI can trigger SIBO. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of SIBO and gastrointestinal symptoms after 7 days of PPI use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, pilot, open-label study was conducted on asymptomatic healthy volunteers. The incidence of SIBO was evaluated at the baseline and after administration of 40 mg of pantoprazole once a day for 7 days, through a glucose breath test. In addition, the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, the number of bowel movements, and the consistency of stools, according to the Bristol scale, were assessed. RESULTS: Thirty-eight healthy subjects (71.1% women, mean age 25.18 ± 6.5 years) were analyzed. The incidence of SIBO after 7 days of PPI administration was 7.8% (95% CI 1.6-21.3%). The patients that developed SIBO had a greater prevalence of bloating (p = 0.0002) and flatulence (p = 0.004) after 7 days of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that a short-term 7-day PPI course produced SIBO in 7.8% of healthy subjects. Although, inappropriate use of PPIs should be discouraged, but since more than 90% of subjects who received PPIs for one week did not develop SIBO, the advantages of PPI administration seem to outweigh the disadvantages.
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Gastroenteropatias , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Masculino , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/efeitos adversos , Intestino Delgado/microbiologia , Voluntários Saudáveis , Estudos Prospectivos , Incidência , Testes RespiratóriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is associated with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Probiotics like Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (Sb) may be efficacious in balancing the microbiota. This randomized open label study assessed the effect of Sb in patients with bacterial overgrowth associated with IBS-D and its impact on the intestinal microbiota. METHODS: Patients were randomized to receive Sb + dietary advice (Sb + DA) or dietary advice (DA) only for 15 days. SIBO was assessed by the lactulose hydrogen breath test (LHBT). Symptoms were assessed with the IBS Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS) and stool consistency with the Bristol Stool Form Scale. Microbiota and mycobiota were analyzed by 16S rDNA and ITS2. RESULTS: 54 patients were included, among whom 48 (27 Sb + DA, 21 DA) were evaluated. Decrease of hydrogen excretion was slightly higher in Sb + DA group, 41% versus 29% in DA group, and IBS-SSS total score were reduced by -134 and -93, respectively. The proportion of patients with diarrhea was lower in the Sb + DA group than in the DA group (25.9% compared to 47.6%). Bacterial and fungal microbiota showed that Sb treatment was associated with several modifications. Interestingly, F. prausnitzii was more abundant in Sb-treated patients with marked clinical improvement. The safety of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 was excellent. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with SIBO, S. boulardii CNCM I-745 associated with dietary advice reduced bacterial overgrowth and improved digestive symptoms while restoring the intestinal microbiota. The increased abundance of F. prausnitzii coupled with symptom improvement merits further research.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável , Saccharomyces boulardii , Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/tratamento farmacológico , Projetos Piloto , Intestino Delgado , Diarreia/terapia , Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Hidrogênio/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The intestinal microbiota and its role in health and disease processes have been the subject of several studies. It is known that changes in the intestinal microbiota occur due to several factors, such as the use of medication, age, lifestyle and diseases, which can modify intestinal homeostasis and lead to excessive growth of bacteria in the small intestine, triggering a clinical condition called small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Individuals with SIBO may present gastrointestinal symptoms ranging from nausea, diarrhea and/or constipation, and flatulence to distension and abdominal pain, resulting from poor absorption of nutrients or changes in intestinal permeability. The gold-standard treatment is based on the use of antibiotics to eradicate bacterial overgrowth. Some studies have evaluated diets in the treatment of SIBO; however, the studies are of low methodological quality, making extrapolation of the results to clinical practice unfeasible. Thus, there is still not enough scientific evidence to support a specific type of diet for the treatment of SIBO.
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INTRODUCTION: Dyspepsia comprises a group of symptoms that can have organic or functional origin. The purpose of this study was to describe the main causes of dyspepsia and its clinical evolution in children cared for in a tertiary care hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study in children with dyspepsia. Patients underwent endoscopy with biopsy and rapid urease test to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori. In case of normal endoscopy and biopsy, hydrogen breath test was performed. In all cases, follow-up was provided in order to evaluate symptom improvement. RESULTS: One hundred children were included, out of whom 52 were girls; mean age was 8.59 years. Esophagitis or erosive gastropathy were found in 54% of the cases (n = 54), H. pylori infection in 12% (n = 12), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in 12% (n = 12), and functional dyspepsia in 20% (n = 20). CONCLUSION: In children with dyspepsia, organic causes should first be ruled out before dyspepsia being characterized as functional. In general terms, we consider that a stepped approach that includes endoscopy with biopsy, search for H. pylori and hydrogen breath test is necessary.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La dispepsia consiste en un conjunto de síntomas que pueden tener origen orgánico o funcional. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las principales causas de la dispepsia y su evolución clínica en niños en un hospital de tercer nivel. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo en niños con dispepsia. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a endoscopia con toma de biopsia y prueba de urea rápida para Helicobacter pylori. En caso de endoscopia y biopsia normal, se tomó prueba de hidrogeniones en aliento. En todos los casos se dio seguimiento para evaluar la mejoría de síntomas. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 100 niños, de los cuales 52 eran niñas; la edad media fue de 8.59 años. Se encontró esofagitis y gastropatía erosiva en el 54% de los casos (n = 54), infección por H. pylori en el 12% (n = 12), sobrecrecimiento bacteriano del intestino delgado en el 12% (n = 12) y dispepsia funcional en el 20% (n = 20). CONCLUSIÓN: En niños con dispepsia se deben de descartar primero causas orgánicas antes de diagnosticar dispepsia funcional. En términos generales consideramos que es necesario un abordaje escalonado que incluya endoscopia con toma de biopsia, búsqueda de H. pylori y una prueba de hidrogeniones.
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Dispepsia , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Criança , Dispepsia/diagnóstico , Dispepsia/epidemiologia , Dispepsia/etiologia , Feminino , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) affects up to 60% of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), and it improves with antibiotics. The addition of probiotics could lead to better results. AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) versus metronidazole (M) versus M + SB for 2 months, to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms and SIBO assessed with hydrogen breath test in SSc. METHODS: An open pilot clinical trial performed in forty patients with SIBO and SSc (ACR-EULAR 2013) who signed informed consent. Three groups were assigned: M, SB, and M + SB, for 2 months. Hydrogen was measured in parts per million with a hydrogen breath test to evaluate SIBO. The National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (NIH-PROMIS) questionnaire was applied to quantify gastrointestinal symptoms with a raw score of eight symptoms. This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with the following ID: NCT03692299. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. The average age was 53.2 ± 9.3 years, and the evolution of SSc was 13.5 (1-34) years. After 2 months of treatment, SIBO was eradicated in 55% of the M + SB group: 33% of SB, and 25% of M. The SB and M + SB groups had decreased diarrhea, abdominal pain, and gas/bloating/flatulence, but M remained unchanged. Reductions in expired hydrogen at 45 to 60 min were as follows: M + SB 48% and 44%, M 18% and 20%, and SB 53% and 60% at the first and second months, respectively (p < 0.01). Adverse effects were epigastric burning and constipation in M (53%) and M + SB (36%), and flatulence/diarrhea in SB (22%). CONCLUSIONS: Metronidazole treatment is partially effective in SIBO, but S. boulardii in monotherapy or in combination improves the gastrointestinal outcomes in SSc.
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Infecções Bacterianas/terapia , Intestino Delgado/microbiologia , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Saccharomyces boulardii , Escleroderma Sistêmico/microbiologia , Escleroderma Sistêmico/terapia , Adulto , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Infecções Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Intestino Delgado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Escleroderma Sistêmico/diagnóstico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a heterogenous and poorly understood entity characterised by an excessive growth of select microorganisms within the small intestine. This excessive bacterial biomass, in turn, disrupts host physiology in a myriad of ways, leading to gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms and complications. SIBO is a common cause of non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms in children, such as chronic abdominal pain, abdominal distention, diarrhoea, and flatulence, amongst others. In addition, it has recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of stunting, a disease that affects millions of children worldwide. Risk factors such as acid-suppressive therapies, alterations in gastrointestinal motility and anatomy, as well as impoverished conditions, have been shown to predispose children to SIBO. SIBO can be diagnosed via culture-dependant or culture-independent approaches. SIBO's epidemiology is limited due to the lack of uniformity and consensus of its diagnostic criteria, as well as the paucity of literature available. Antibiotics remain the first-line treatment option for SIBO, although emerging modalities such as probiotics and diet manipulation could also have a role. Herein, we present a state-of-the-art-review which aims to comprehensively outline the most current information on SIBO in children, with particular emphasis on the gut microbiota.
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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn`s disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic conditions associated with high morbidity and healthcare costs. The natural history of IBD is variable and marked by alternating periods of flare and remission. Even though the use of newer therapeutic targets has been associated with higher rates of mucosal healing, a great proportion of IBD patients remain symptomatic despite effective control of inflammation. These symptoms may include but not limited to abdominal pain, dyspepsia, diarrhea, urgency, fecal incontinence, constipation or bloating. In this setting, commonly there is an overlap with gastrointestinal (GI) motility and absorptive disorders. Early recognition of these conditions greatly improves patient care and may decrease the risk of mistreatment. Therefore, in this review we describe the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of GI motility and absorptive disorders that commonly affect patients with IBD.
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Dor Abdominal/epidemiologia , Constipação Intestinal/epidemiologia , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Dispepsia/epidemiologia , Incontinência Fecal/epidemiologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/complicações , Dor Abdominal/diagnóstico , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Dor Abdominal/terapia , Constipação Intestinal/diagnóstico , Constipação Intestinal/etiologia , Constipação Intestinal/terapia , Diarreia/diagnóstico , Diarreia/etiologia , Diarreia/terapia , Dispepsia/diagnóstico , Dispepsia/etiologia , Dispepsia/terapia , Incontinência Fecal/diagnóstico , Incontinência Fecal/etiologia , Incontinência Fecal/terapia , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/fisiopatologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/terapia , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as the colonization of fermentative bacteria in the duodenum and jejunum. The alteration of digestive anatomy promoted by bariatric surgery may be a pre-disposing factor for SIBO. In this context, the prevalence of SIBO in participants undergoing bariatric surgery using Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (BGYR) was evaluated. METHODS: Participants, both sexes, older than 18 years, were those who (a) had bariatric surgery by the BGYR technique at least 1 year before the data collection and (b) did not use antibiotics recently. The SIBO diagnosis was established through the hydrogen breath test (H2BT), with intake of lactulose and serial collection of breath samples over 2 h. A test with ≥ 12-point elevation over the basal sample at 60 min after substrate intake was deemed positive. RESULTS: A total of 18 participants (14 females (77.8%)) were enrolled with a mean age of 50.5 years (range, 23 to 79 years). The interval between surgery and data collection ranged from 5 to 20 years (mean, 11.2 years). The mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 44.6 kg/m2 (range, 36.7-56.2 kg/m2). The H2RT with lactulose was positive for SIBO in seven (six female) participants. The participants with negative test measured trough H2BT with lactulose had a lower mean BMI of 28.69 kg/m2, in comparison with the positive group, which presented a mean BMI of 33.04 kg/m2 (p value = 0.041). CONCLUSION: Our data point to a high prevalence of SIBO (38.8%) in patients undergoing BGYR with a value in accordance with the literature. Moreover, the differences in BMI between negative and positive groups by H2BT with lactulose evidenced a weight gain relapse in participants with SIBO.
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Derivação Gástrica , Lactulose/análise , Obesidade Mórbida/diagnóstico , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Respiração , Aumento de Peso , Adulto , Idoso , Testes Respiratórios , Feminino , Seguimentos , Derivação Gástrica/efeitos adversos , Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Humanos , Intestino Delgado/microbiologia , Infecções Intra-Abdominais/diagnóstico , Infecções Intra-Abdominais/epidemiologia , Infecções Intra-Abdominais/etiologia , Infecções Intra-Abdominais/metabolismo , Lactulose/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Mórbida/metabolismo , Projetos Piloto , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prevalência , Prognóstico , Falha de Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We describe 3 patients with short bowel syndrome who had persistently elevated serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels while being treated for vitamin B12 deficiency. Following treatment for presumed small bowel bacterial overgrowth, MMA levels normalized. Among patients with short bowel syndrome, MMA levels may have limited specificity for vitamin B12 deficiency.
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Síndrome da Alça Cega/diagnóstico , Ácido Metilmalônico/sangue , Síndrome do Intestino Curto/complicações , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/sangue , Síndrome da Alça Cega/sangue , Síndrome da Alça Cega/etiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome do Intestino Curto/microbiologia , Vitamina B 12/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/tratamento farmacológico , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/etiologia , Complexo Vitamínico B/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bacterial resistance may hamper the antimicrobial management of acute gastroenteritis. Bacterial susceptibility to rifaximin, an antibiotic that achieves high fecal concentrations (up to 8,000µg/g), has not been evaluated in Mexico. OBJECTIVE: To determine the susceptibility to rifaximin and other antimicrobial agents of enteropathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with acute gastroenteritis in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bacterial strains were analyzed in stool samples from 1,000 patients with diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis. The susceptibility to rifaximin (RIF) was tested by microdilution (<100, <200, <400 and <800µg/ml) and susceptibility to chloramphenicol (CHL), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T-S), neomycin (NEO), furazolidone (FUR), fosfomycin (FOS), ampicillin (AMP) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) was tested by agar diffusion at the concentrations recommended by the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute and the American Society for Microbiology. RESULTS: Isolated bacteria were: enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) (EPEC) 531, Shigella 120, non-Typhi Salmonella 117, Aeromonas spp. 80, enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) 54, Yersinia enterocolitica 20, Campylobacter jejuni 20, Vibrio spp. 20, Plesiomonas shigelloides 20, and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC 0:157) 18. The overall cumulative susceptibility to RIF at <100, <200, <400, and <800µg/ml was 70.6, 90.8, 99.3, and 100%, respectively. The overall susceptibility to each antibiotic was: AMP 32.2%, T-S 53.6%, NEO 54.1%, FUR 64.7%, CIP 67.3%, CLO 73%, and FOS 81.3%. The susceptibility to RIF <400 and RIF <800µg/ml was significantly greater than with the other antibiotics (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Resistance of enteropathogenic bacteria to various antibiotics used in gastrointestinal infections is high. Rifaximin was active against 99-100% of these enteropathogens at reachable concentrations in the intestine with the recommended dose.
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Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Rifamicinas/farmacologia , Doença Aguda , Humanos , México , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , RifaximinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Untreated celiac disease has traditionally been linked to a greater risk for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, but the existing evidence is inconclusive. AIMS: To compare the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in subjects with celiac disease compared with control subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 15 untreated celiac disease patients, 15 subjects with irritable bowel syndrome, and 15 healthy controls. All enrolled patients underwent a lactulose breath test measuring hydrogen and methane. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth was defined according to previously published criteria. RESULTS: No differences were found in relation to age or sex. The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth was similar between the celiac disease patients and the controls (20 vs. 13.33%, P=NS), whereas it was higher in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (66.66%, P<05). CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth between the untreated celiac disease patients and healthy controls.
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Infecções Bacterianas/etiologia , Doença Celíaca/microbiologia , Intestino Delgado/microbiologia , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/microbiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infecções Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Testes Respiratórios , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença Celíaca/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIP) is the most severe intestinal motility disorder. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is frequently associated to dysmotility. In spite of this association, there is scare data on the relation between CIP and SIBO. To establish occurrence of CIP in SIBO patients in inter-crisis periods. To compare clinical and manometric characteristics of SIBO and non-SIBO patients. Retrospective analysis of 40 CIP patients (average age: 41 years; range: 18-76 years; 75 percent women). The following elements were registered: symptoms (such as pain, distention, vomit, constipation, diarrhea and weight loss); findings of the intestinal manometry (neuropathic, miopatic and mix pattern; intestinal motility index); and SIBO using lactulose H2 breath test, defined as an increase > 20 ppm in 2 or more figures in the first 60 minutes. Statistical analysis: t-test y and comparison of two ratios. SIBO was observed in 60 percent of the patients with CIP. Three or more symptoms were observed in 70.8 percent of the patients with SIBO 50 percentwithout SIBO (p = NS). In patients with SIBO, the most frequent symptom was abdominal pain (70.8 percent p= 0.032). There were no differences between SIBO patients and the different motility patterns, however, the intestinal motility index was lower for the SIBO group (9.7 +/- 44 12.3 +/-7; p < 0.001). : There is a high prevalence of SIBO in CIP patients. This is associated to a major compromise of intestinal motility assessed by the intestinal motility index...
Introducción: La pseudoobstrucción intestinal crónica (POIC) es el trastorno más grave de la motilidad intestinal. El sobrecrecimiento bacteriano intestinal (SBI) se asocia frecuentemente a estados de dismotilidad. A pesar de esta asociación existen escasos datos sobre la relación entre POIC y SBI. Objetivo: Determinar SBI en pacientes con POIC en período inter-crisis. Comparar características clínicas y manométricas de pacientes con y sin SBI. Material y Método: Análisis retrospectivo de 40 pacientes con POIC (edad promedio: 41 años, rango: 18-76 años; 75 por ciento mujeres). Se registraron síntomas (dolor, distensión, vómitos, constipación, diarrea, baja de peso), hallazgos en manometría intestinal (patrón neuropático, miopático o mixto, índice de motilidad intestinal (IMI)) y SBI con test de H2 con lactulosa, definido como la elevación > 20 ppm en 2 o más cifras en los primeros 60 min. Análisis estadístico: t-test y comparación de 2 proporciones. Resultados: Se observó SBI en 60 por ciento de los pacientes con POIC. Tres o más síntomas se presentaron en 70,8 por ciento de los pacientes con SBI vs 50 por ciento en POIC sin SBI (p = NS). El síntoma dolor abdominal fue más frecuente en pacientes con SBI (70,8 por ciento vs 31,2 por ciento, p = 0,032). No hubo diferencias entre pacientes con SBI y los distintos patrones de motilidad, sin embargo, el IMI fue menor para el grupo con SBI (9,7 +/- 1,44 vs 12,3 +/- 1,7, p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de SBI en pacientes con POIC. Esto se relaciona con mayor compromiso de la motilidad intestinal evaluado por el IMI.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Intestino Delgado/microbiologia , Pseudo-Obstrução Intestinal/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica , Motilidade Gastrointestinal , Hidrogênio/análise , Lactulose , Manometria , Testes Respiratórios/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pseudo-Obstrução Intestinal/diagnóstico , Pseudo-Obstrução Intestinal/microbiologiaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a incidência de SBID em crianças tratadas com omeprazol e testar se os probióticos influenciam essa incidência. MÉTODOS: Um ensaio duplo-cego controlado por placebo foi realizado em 70 crianças tratadas oralmente, durante 4 semanas, com 20 mg de omeprazol por dia. Desses, 36 indivíduos receberam diária e simultaneamente Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 (1,9 x 10(9) cfu) e Lactobacillus acidophillus R0052 (0,1 x 10(9) cfu) (grupo probiótico), enquanto 34 receberam placebo (grupo placebo). O diagnóstico de SBID teve como base o desenvolvimento de sintomas sugestivos em combinação com um teste respiratório com glicose positivo. RESULTADOS: Após um mês de tratamento com IBP, 30% (21/70) apresentaram um teste respiratório positivo sugerindo SBID; desses, 62% foram sintomáticos. Cinco crianças desenvolveram sintomas parecidos com os de SBID, mas apresentaram um teste respiratório negativo; 44 (63%) não apresentavam sintomas e tiveram teste respiratório negativo. Não houve diferença na incidência de testes respiratórios positivos no grupo probiótico em comparação ao grupo placebo (33% em comparação a 26,5%; p: 0,13). CONCLUSÕES: Como houve sintomas sugestivos de SBID em 26% das crianças tratadas com IBP e o teste respiratório com glicose deu resultados anormais em 72% delas, esse efeito colateral deve ser levado em consideração com mais frequência. O probiótico testado não reduziu o risco de desenvolver SBID.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the incidence of small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO) in children treated with omeprazole, and to test whether probiotics influence the incidence. METHODS: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was performed in 70 children treated orally during four weeks with 20 mg omeprazole per day. Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 (1.9 x 10(9) cfu) and Lactobacillus acidophillus R0052 (0.1 x 10(9) cfu) were simultaneously given daily to 36 subjects (probiotic group), while 34 subjects received placebo (placebo group). The diagnosis of SBBO was based on the development of suggestive symptoms, in combination with a positive glucose breath test. RESULTS: After one month of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment, 30% (21/70) had a positive breath test suggesting SBBO; of these 62% were symptomatic. Five children developed SBBO-like symptoms, but had a negative breath test; and 44 (63%) were symptom free and had a negative breath test. There was no difference in the incidence of positive breath tests in the probiotic versus the placebo group (33% vs 26.5%; p = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS: Since symptoms suggesting SBBO developed in 26% of PPI-treated children, and since the glucose breath test was abnormal in 72% of these, this side-effect should be more frequently considered. The probiotic tested did not decrease the risk to develop SBBO.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Gastroenteropatias/microbiologia , Intestino Delgado/microbiologia , Omeprazol/efeitos adversos , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/efeitos adversos , Testes Respiratórios , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Método Duplo-Cego , Diarreia/microbiologia , Gastroenteropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Gastroenteropatias/prevenção & controle , Intestino Delgado/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Omeprazol/administração & dosagem , Placebos , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/administração & dosagem , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO) in children treated with omeprazole, and to test whether probiotics influence the incidence. METHODS: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was performed in 70 children treated orally during four weeks with 20mg omeprazole per day. Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 (1.9×10(9) cfu) and Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052 (0.1×10(9) cfu) were simultaneously given daily to 36 subjects (probiotic group), while 34 subjects received placebo (placebo group). The diagnosis of SBBO was based on the development of suggestive symptoms, in combination with a positive glucose breath test. RESULTS: After one month of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment, 30% (21/70) had a positive breath test suggesting SBBO; of these 62% were symptomatic. Five children developed SBBO-like symptoms, but had a negative breath test; and 44 (63%) were symptom free and had a negative breath test. There was no difference in the incidence of positive breath tests in the probiotic versus the placebo group (33% vs 26.5%; p=0.13). CONCLUSIONS: Since symptoms suggesting SBBO developed in 26% of PPI-treated children, and since the glucose breath test was abnormal in 72% of these, this side-effect should be more frequently considered. The probiotic tested did not decrease the risk to develop SBBO.
Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Gastroenteropatias/microbiologia , Intestino Delgado/microbiologia , Omeprazol/efeitos adversos , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Testes Respiratórios , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/microbiologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Gastroenteropatias/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Intestino Delgado/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Masculino , Omeprazol/administração & dosagem , Placebos , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/administração & dosagem , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
El dolor visceral crónico se produce por la distención de los receptores neuronales localizados en las mucosas de los distintos órganos del aparato digestivo, presentándose clínicamente como un dolor con una localización difusa, con intensidad moderada a severa, que se describe generalmente de tipo cólico. Presentamos un caso clínico de una paciente con que consultó por un dolor crónico no oncológico de tipo visceral con componente neuropático, cuya causa etiológica correspondió a sobrecrecimieno bacteriano intestinal. Por lo que debemos considerar esta patología como etiología de un dolor visceral crónico...
Chronic Visceral pain is caused by the distension of neuronal receptors located in the lining the digestive organs, clinically presenting as pain with a diffuse localization and moderate to severe intensity, usually is described colicky. We present a case report a patient who presented with chronic noncancer visceral pain with neuropathic component, which accounted etiology Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. We must consider this disease as a cause of chronic visceral pain...
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dor Crônica/etiologia , Enteropatias/diagnóstico , Enteropatias/terapia , Intestino Delgado/microbiologia , Dor Visceral/etiologiaRESUMO
AIM: To analyze small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in school-aged children and the relationship between hydrogen and methane production in breath tests. METHODS: This transversal study included 85 children residing in a slum and 43 children from a private school, all aged between 6 and 10 years, in Osasco, Brazil. For characterization of the groups, data regarding the socioeconomic status and basic housing sanitary conditions were collected. Anthropometric data was obtained in children from both groups. All children completed the hydrogen (H(2)) and methane (CH(4)) breath test in order to assess small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). SIBO was diagnosed when there was an increase in H(2) ≥ 20 ppm or CH(4) ≥ 10 ppm with regard to the fasting value until 60 min after lactulose ingestion. RESULTS: Children from the slum group had worse living conditions and lower nutritional indices than children from the private school. SIBO was found in 30.9% (26/84) of the children from the slum group and in 2.4% (1/41) from the private school group (P = 0.0007). Greater hydrogen production in the small intestine was observed in children from the slum group when compared to children from the private school (P = 0.007). A higher concentration of hydrogen in the small intestine (P < 0.001) and in the colon (P < 0.001) was observed among the children from the slum group with SIBO when compared to children from the slum group without SIBO. Methane production was observed in 63.1% (53/84) of the children from the slum group and in 19.5% (8/41) of the children from the private school group (P < 0.0001). Methane production was observed in 38/58 (65.5%) of the children without SIBO and in 15/26 (57.7%) of the children with SIBO from the slum. Colonic production of hydrogen was lower in methane-producing children (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Children who live in inadequate environmental conditions are at risk of bacterial overgrowth and methane production. Hydrogen is a substrate for methane production in the colon.
Assuntos
Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Síndrome da Alça Cega/microbiologia , Intestino Delgado/microbiologia , Metano/metabolismo , Áreas de Pobreza , Bactérias/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Síndrome da Alça Cega/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Alça Cega/metabolismo , Brasil , Testes Respiratórios , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Lactulose , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Condições SociaisRESUMO
Cuando aparece una proliferación de la flora de tipo colónico en el intestino delgado se producen alteraciones en la digestión y absorción intestinal, que clínicamente conforman el síndrome del Sobrecrecimiento Bacteriano del Intestino Delgado (SBID). En el SBID la concentración bacteriana aumenta hasta 107-109 UFC/ml en intestino delgado. El principio del test de hidrógeno espirado es la administración de un carbohidrato (Lactulosa, dxilosa, glucosa), que al ser degradado por las bacterias produce un aumento de los niveles de hidrógeno espirado en pacientes con SBID. Hipótesis: Si la duodenitis inespecífica se manifiesta clínicamente de manera similar al (SBID) entonces puede haber una relación entre ambas patologías. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio clínico descriptivo prospectivo de una muestra seleccionada quienes tuvieron como hallazgo en la endoscopia digestiva superior duodenitis inespecífica. Se usó Video endoscopio Olympus GIF-140, en dicha endoscopia se tomó biopsia del tejido duodenal con pinza. Posteriormente el paciente fue sometido a prueba de hidrógeno en aliento aire espirado con 10 gr de Lactulosa. Resultados: La prueba de Hidrógeno en aliento resultó positiva en 18 pacientes (29,5%) y negativo en 43 (70,5%) (p=1,000). La sensibilidad fue de 29,6% y Especificidad 71% (IC 95%). Conclusiones: 1) La prueba de Hidrógeno en aire espirado con Lactulosa es una prueba con poca sensibilidad pero específica para el Diagnóstico de SBID. 2) La prevalencia de duodenitis giardiásica fue del 11,5% en la población estudiada. 3) Los hallazgos histológicos referentes a las alteraciones de las vellosidades intestinales no están correlacionados con el SBID.
When a proliferation of the flora of type colonic appears in the small intestine they are caused by alterations in the digestion and intestinal absorption, which they make up clinically the syndrome of the Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO). In SIBO the bacterial concentration increased to 107-109 UFC/ml in the small intestine. The origin of the exhaled hydrogen test is the administration of a carbohydrate (Lactulose, d-xylose, glucose), which when broken down by the bacteria produce an increase in the levels of the exhaled hydrogen in patients with SIBO. Hypothesis: If the non-specific duodenitis appears clinically similar in a way to (SIBO) then there may be a connection between both pathologies. Methods: We carried out a prospective descriptive clinical trial of a selected sample who had the finding of nonspecific duodenitis in the upper endoscopy. We used Video endoscope Olympus GIF-140, in that endoscopic was taken biopsy of the duodenal tissue with forceps. Subsequently, the patient was undergone of Breath-hydrogen test with 10 gr of lactulose. Results: the hydrogen breath test was positive in 18 patients (29.5%) and negative in 43 (70.5%) (p = 1.000). The sensitivity was 29.6% and specificity 71% (95%). Conclusions: 1) Hydrogen breath test with lactulose is less sensitive but specific for the diagnosis of SIBO. 2) The prevalence of giardiasic duodenitis was 11.5% in our trial. 3.) Histological findings regarding alterations of the intestinal villi are uncorrelated with SIBO.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Crescimento Bacteriano/métodos , Duodenite/patologia , Duodenite , Giardíase/patologia , Giardíase/virologia , Intestino Delgado/virologia , Bacteriologia , GastroenterologiaRESUMO
El sobrecrecimiento bacteriano intestinal (SBI) es una condición causada por un número anormal de bacterias en el intestino delgado. Se le define como la presencia de más de 105 UFC/ ml de bacterias de tipo colónico a nivel del intestino delgado. Los principales factores que restringen la colonización bacteriana en el intestino delgado son la barrera ácida gástrica, la inmunidad mucosa y sistémica y la motilidad intestinal. Cuando estos factores fallan se desarrolla SBI. Los principales factores asociados a la presencia de esta condición son: aclorhidria o hipoclorhidria, edad avanzada, cirugías, cirrosis hepática, diabetes mellitus, diversas enfermedades inmunológicas y ausencia del receptor farsenoide X. Existe controversia acerca de su asociación con trastornos funcionales digestivos, especialmente con síndrome de intestino irritable. Se le considera como un síndrome de malabsorción aunque sus manifestaciones clínicas son variables de un sujeto a otro. Los principales síntomas son la presencia de diarrea, esteatorrea, dolor abdominal crónico, distensión abdominal y flatulencia. El estándar de oro para su diagnóstico es el aspirado y cultivo de fluido del intestino delgado. Dado que es un test invasivo suelen utilizarse para su diagnóstico los test de aire espirado, con glucosa y lactulosa. Su tratamiento implica solucionar la condición predisponente cuando es posible, y administrar antibióticos de amplio espectro, metronidazol, ciprofloxacino y la rifaximina (por 10 días) son los más utilizados. Dada su elevada tasa de recurrencia debe valuarse la posibilidad de terapia cíclica. El uso de probióticos está en estudio.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a clinical condition caused by an increased level of bacteria in the small intestine. It is defined as the presence of more than 10ª elevate a 5 CFU/ml of colonic type bacteria within the small intestine. The main factors that prevent bacterial colonization in the small intestine are gastric acid, mucosal and systemic immunity, and intestinal motility. When one or more of these mechanisms fail, SIBO can occur. The main predisposing factors for SIBO are: achlorhydria or hypochlorhydria, old age, surgeries, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, different immunological diseases and the absence of the farsenoid X receptor. The association with functional gastrointestinal diseases, particularly irritable bowel syndrome, is controversial. SIBO is generally considered a malabsorption syndrome; although clinical manifestations can be largely different in each subject. Common symptoms are diarrhea steatorrhea, chronic abdominal pain, bloating and flatulence. The culture of jejunal aspirate is considered the gold standard diagnostic test, however, due to the fact that it is an invasive test, glucose and lactulose breath tests are currently used in clinical practice. SIBO therapy is based on treatment of predisposing condition, whenever possible, and the administration of wide-spectrum antibiotics. Metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and rifaximin (10 days) are the most frecuently used antibiotics in clinical practice. SIBO recurrence is high, and future trials are needed to assess the usefullness of cyclic courses of antibiotics. The use of probiotic sis being studied.