RESUMO
ABSTRACT Purpose To assess the influence of the listener experience, measurement scales and the type of speech task on the auditory-perceptual evaluation of the overall severity (OS) of voice deviation and the predominant type of voice (rough, breathy or strain). Methods 22 listeners, divided into four groups participated in the study: speech-language pathologist specialized in voice (SLP-V), SLP non specialized in voice (SLP-NV), graduate students with auditory-perceptual analysis training (GS-T), and graduate students without auditory-perceptual analysis training (GS-U). The subjects rated the OS of voice deviation and the predominant type of voice of 44 voices by visual analog scale (VAS) and the numerical scale (score "G" from GRBAS), corresponding to six speech tasks such as sustained vowel /a/ and /ɛ/, sentences, number counting, running speech, and all five previous tasks together. Results Sentences obtained the best interrater reliability in each group, using both VAS and GRBAS. SLP-NV group demonstrated the best interrater reliability in OS judgment in different speech tasks using VAS or GRBAS. Sustained vowel (/a/ and /ɛ/) and running speech obtained the best interrater reliability among the groups of listeners in judging the predominant vocal quality. GS-T group got the best result of interrater reliability in judging the predominant vocal quality. Conclusion The time of experience in the auditory-perceptual judgment of the voice, the type of training to which they were submitted, and the type of speech task influence the reliability of the auditory-perceptual evaluation of vocal quality.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The Consensus Auditory Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) scale is a modern, clinical-scientific approach to voice analysis. It has been translated and culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese, but it still lacks validation. OBJECTIVE: To validate the Brazilian Portuguese version of the CAPE-V scale using the previously translated and culturally adapted version. METHOD: Forty voice samples were selected (30 dysphonic, 10 nondysphonic), and the degree of vocal deviation was evaluated by a committee of three voice specialists. Nine voice specialists judged the 40 voice samples plus 20% repetition (total of 48 samples) using the CAPE-V. To ensure construct validity of the CAPE-V, its analysis was compared to the Grade-Roughness-Breathiness-Asthenia-Strain (GRBAS) scale that was performed 48-72 hours later. Finally, the intra- and inter-rater reliability values were verified and the correlation between the nine judges and the previously defined evaluation was analyzed. RESULTS: The Brazilian CAPE-V presented significant intra (0.860-0.997) and inter-rater reliability values (0.707-0.964) for the overall degree and strong correlation with GRBAS (above 0.828). Deviant voice quality had greater consensus among raters than normal voices. A strong correlation was observed between the analysis of the nine raters and that of the committee. CONCLUSION: CAPE-V is an important diagnostic instrument that contributes to the standardization of vocal quality evaluation in several languages, including Brazilian Portuguese. Thus, its usefulness is neither related to a single language nor to a single set of raters.
Assuntos
Disfonia , Brasil , Consenso , Disfonia/diagnóstico , Humanos , Idioma , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Pesquisas epidemiológicas sobre disfonias na infância são escassas e apontam índices bastante variados entre 4,4 a 30,3%, estando relacionados às diferentes metodologias utilizadas. Determinar a prevalência de disfonia em crianças de quatro a doze anos, baseando-se nos julgamentos dos pais e nas avaliações perceptivo-auditiva, caracterizar a população estudada, os sintomas vocais, fatores de risco e sintomas associados; analisar os resultados dos exames de videolaringoscopias. Foram incluídas 2.000 crianças sorteadas em escolas públicas e subdividas em faixas etárias: quatro a seis anos, sete a nove anos e de dez a doze anos. Os pais preencheram um questionário sobre as qualidades vocais de seus filhos e as crianças foram submetidas às avaliações perceptivo-auditiva, tempo máximo de fonação (TMF), acústicas e aos exames de videolaringoscopias. Foram incluídas 2.000 crianças (1.007 meninos, 993 meninas). Sintomas vocais esporádicos foram reportados pelos pais de 206 delas e sintomas permanentes por 123, sendo estes últimos utilizados no cálculo do índice de disfonia. A avaliação perceptivo-auditiva registrou no parâmetro G da escala GRBASI, 694 vozes com escore 0, 1065 com escore 1 e 228 com escore 2. Os valores de TMF aumentaram com a idade e mantiveram-se menores nas crianças com escore 2 de G. O cálculo da relação s/z não se alterou com os escores da avaliação perceptivo-auditiva. As medidas acústicas indicaram diminuição da f0 com aumento da idade em ambos os sexos, e valores mais elevados de % de jitter, PPQ, % de shimmer, APQ, NHR E SPI. Nos exames de videolaringoscopias, os nódulos vocais, espessamento mucosos e processos inflamatórios foram as lesões mais encontradas, especialmente nas crianças com escore 1 e 2 de G.(...)
Epidemiological studies on dysphonia during childhood are scarce, and indicate rates ranging from 4.4 to 30.3% that are related to the different methods used. To determine the prevalence of dysphonia in children aged 4-12 years based on parental judgement and auditory-perceptual evaluation, as well as to characterize the study population, vocal symptoms, risk factors and associated symptoms, and videolaryngoscopic findings. Two thousand children attending public school were randomly selected and allocated into age groups: 4-6 years, 7-9 years, and 10-12 years. Parents were asked to answer a questionnaire about their childrens vocal features. The participating children underwent auditory-perceptual evaluation, maximum phonation time (MPT) and acoustic assessment, and videolaryngoscopy. Of the 2000 children enrolled, 1007 were males and 993 were females. According to parental reporting, 206 children had sporadic vocal symptoms, and 123 showed permanent symptoms being, therefore, included in the calculation of the dysphonia index. Auditory-perceptual evaluation using the GRBASI scale revealed the following scores on the G parameter: 0 in 694, 1 in 1065, and 2 in 228 voice samples. MPT values increased with age, and remained lower among children with a G score of 2. The s/z ratio calculation did not change with auditoryperceptual scores. Acoustic measurements indicated f0 decreased as age increased in both genders, and higher jitter %, PPQ, shimmer %, APQ, NHR and SPI values. Vocal nodules, mucous thickening and inflammatory processes were the most frequent videolaryngoscopic findings, particularly in children with 1 and 2 G scores. Parental judgement indicated a dysphonia prevalence index of 6.15%, which rose to 11.4% after auditoryperceptual analysis was performed in a population of 2000 (993-F, 1.007-M).(...)