RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D has been primarily studied as an important factor influencing bone and calcium metabolism. Metabolites of vitamin D are essential for whole-body calcium homeostasis, maintaining serum calcium levels within a narrow range by regulating this process in the bones and gut. Nevertheless, its deficiency is also related to increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-with increased visceral adipose tissue and body mass index (BMI), as well as the frequently associated hypercholesterolemia. It has been reported that vitamin D levels are inversely related to cardiovascular (CV) risk in men and women. However, the effects of vitamin D on distinct outcomes in women and the dose of supplementation needed to improve clinical endpoints have not been established. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] reduces systemic inflammatory mediators in CVD and favors the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines from the immune system. In addition, 25(OH)D can be primarily converted into calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D]) in the kidneys through the action of the 1-α-hydroxylase enzyme. Calcitriol, through the downregulation mechanism of renin expression, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity, and its interaction with the vitamin D receptor, can bring CV benefits. The calcitriol form also lowers parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels by indirectly causing a reduction in aldosterone and mineralocorticoid synthesis. Elevated plasma aldosterone is related to endothelial dysfunction and CVD in hypovitaminosis D status. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D supplementation may benefit certain risk groups, as it improves metabolic variables, reducing oxidative stress and CV outcomes. More studies are needed to define interventions with vitamin D in men and women.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Deficiência de Vitamina D , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Calcitriol , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Cálcio/metabolismo , Aldosterona , Fatores de Risco , Vitamina D , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Vitaminas , Hormônio Paratireóideo , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Estresse OxidativoRESUMO
The factors that may contribute to a COVID-19 patient remaining in the asymptomatic stage, or to the infection evolving into the more serious stages are examined. In particular, we refer to the TMPRSS2 expression profile, balance of androgen and estrogen, blood group-A and/or B, nonsynonymous mutations in ORF3, and proteins NS7b and NS8 in SARS-CoV-2. Also, we review other factors related to the susceptibility and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2.
Assuntos
Infecções Assintomáticas , COVID-19/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , SARS-CoV-2 , Serina Endopeptidases/genética , Alelos , Androgênios/metabolismo , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/genética , COVID-19/virologia , RNA-Polimerase RNA-Dependente de Coronavírus , Exoma , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Teóricos , Mutação , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/genética , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/metabolismoRESUMO
Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a typical hair issue, which may have obliterating mental and social outcomes and is portrayed by the nearness of nonscarring alopecia. Objective: This examination has targets to assess the serum nutrient D levels , with AA; contrast the outcome and clearly sound control; and confirm relationship between AA types and serum nutrient D levels. Patients Also Methods: the examine might have been led clinched alongside Tikrit educating healing facility throughout those time starting with June 2019 of the limit for January 2020. Irrefutably the quantity of subjects associated with the assessment was ninety individuals isolated in two social events; the patients bundle were forty five the people who whimper of AA while the resulting gathering including a forty five age and sex-made solid volunteers were picked as a benchmark gathering. The degree and movement of the alopecia were noted and the patients were meticulously broke down for signs of various ailments. Research center assessments were led to patients and also to those control population, these included serum vitamin D levels were measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D {25(OH)D} using a chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. Blood models were gotten starting with patients and control subjects after totally taught consent was gotten. Results : An essential complexity may have been found for serum 25-OH Vit D levels between patients other than controls. Vitamin D sufficiency were more common in controls than in patients. Serum Vitamin D was deficient in both cases and controls group; but, the deficiency was significantly more throughout AA group (35. 6%) compared to the handle group (11. 1%). Among the list patients gathering, levels associated with nutrient D were totally higher in guys in contrast with females. Conclusions: AA might be related with nutrient D deficiency as mean degrees of nutrient D of patients were seen as fundamentally lower than typical sound controls.
Assuntos
Humanos , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Teste de Imobilização do Treponema , Nutrientes/deficiência , Anticorpos Antinucleares/imunologia , Alopecia em Áreas/diagnóstico , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
Para mantener un esqueleto sano y mineralizado es de importancia crítica tener una fuente adecuada de vitamina D, que puede conseguirse mediante la exposición solar o la dieta. Se ha observado un aumento de la prevalencia del déficit de Vitamina D que se ha extendido a distintos grupos de edad y diferentes regiones, y ha alcanzado proporciones epidémicas. Estudios recientes han demostrado la importancia de la Vitamina D en la función neuromuscular y su déficit se ha relacionado con alteraciones funcionales y riesgo de caídas en ancianos. La vitamina D es esencial para la absorción normal del calcio en el intestino y tiene un papel fundamental en la mineralización del hueso. Objetivo: Determinar los valores de 25-hidroxivitamina D (25-OH D3) en hombres con baja masa ósea. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron sujetos masculinos con baja masa ósea que acudieron a la Unidad de Investigación UNILIME-UC Hospital Universitario "Dr. Ángel Larralde" entre Junio a Diciembre 2015, la muestra quedó constituida por 47 sujetos con criterios de inclusión (> 60 años con baja masa ósea (osteopenia-osteoporosis) por densitometría ósea (DEXA), en ausencia de enfermedades que determinan hipovitaminosis. A los mismos se les midió calcio sérico y 25 -hidroxivitamina D ( 25 -OH D3) este último se determinó por inmmuno ensayo (OCTEIA 25 -hidroxi vitamina D. IDS.UK). Se tomaron muestras de sangre venosa en ayuno, se congelaron a -70 °C y se midió por duplicado en el mismo tiempo. Los resultados se analizaron con programa SPSS.20 para Windows, utilizando técnicas de análisis descriptivos y para la significancía estadística, el coeficiente correlación de Pearson. Resultados: Se estudiaron 47 hombres con un promedio de edad de 66,28± 5,17 años, con valores promedio de calcio sérico de 8,88±0.38 mg/dl y con baja masa osea por DEXA a nivel de cuello de fémur (CF) de 0,870 g/cm3 con T score -1.5 y a nivel de columna lumbar L1-L4 de 0,917 g/cm3 con T score -1.8. Valores promedio de Vitamina D (25-OH D3) de 28,72±5,33 ng/ml (valor mínimo 18 ng/ml y valor máximo 39,60 ng/ml), observando un 38,30% (n=18) con valores inferiores de 30 ng/dl; de los cuales el 23,5% (n=11) presentaron valores entre 20 - 30 ng/ml catalogados como sujetos con deficit relativo de 25-OH D3 y un 14,8% (n=7) con valores inferiores a 20 ng/ml catalogados como sujetos con insuficiencia de 25-OH D3. Al correlacionar los valores de 25-OH D3 con la edad se observó una relación estadisticamente significativa (p<0,05), no asi con los niveles de calcio sérico (p=0.2), con DEXA CF (p=0.18) y con DEXA L1- L4 (p= -0,15). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la disminución de vitamina D (25-OH D3) está sobrestimada, sobre todo en los paises tropicales donde se supone que contamos con uno de los principales factores que influyen en mantener dichos valores como es la exposición solar. En este estudio se observa una alta prevalencia de ipoavitaminosis (deficiencia e insuficiencia) de Vitamina D (38,3%). Por lo cual recomendamos se considere (AU)
To maintain a healthy mineralized skeleton is critically important to have an adequate supply of vitamin D, which can be achieved by sun exposure or diet. There has been an increase in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency that has spread to different age groups and different regions, and has reached epidemic proportions. Recent studies have shown the importance of vitamin D in the neuromuscular function, and its deficit has been associated with functional alterations and risk of falls in the elderly. Vitamin D is essential for normal calcium absorption in the intestine and plays a key role in bone mineralization. Objective: To determine the values of 25 -hydroxyvitamin D (25 - OH D3) in men with low bone mass. Methods: Male patients with low bone mass who came to the Research Unit UNILIME -UC University Hospital " Angel Larralde" were studied from June to Diciemnbre 2015; the sample consisted of 47 subjects with theses inclusion criteria. >60 years with low bone mass (osteopenia - (osteoporosis) by bone densitometry (DEXA ) in the absence of diseases that determine hipovitaminosis. Serum calcium and 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 -OH D3 ) were measured by enzymeinmmunoassay (25 -hydroxy vitamin D. OCTEIA IDS.UK ) venous blood samples in fasting state , frozen at - 70° C and measured in duplicate at the same time. the results were analyzed with SPSS.20 program for Windows, using descriptive analysis techniques and statistical significance the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: the average age was 66.28 ± 5.17 years (minimum value of 61 years and maximum 71 years ), with average values of serum calcium of 8.88 ± 0.38 mg / dl and low bone mass by DEXA level Femur neck ( CF ) of 0.870 g / cm3 with Tscore -1.5 and level L1- L4 lumbar spine of 0.917 g / cm3 with Tscore -1.8. average Vitamin D values (25 - OHD3) of 28.72 ± 5.33 ng / ml (minimum value of 18 ng/ ml and maximum value 39.60 ng / ml), observing a 38.30 % (n = 18) with values lower than 30 ng / dl ; of which 23.5 % (n = 11) showed values between 20 to 30 ng / ml classified as subjects with relative deficit of 25 - OH D3 and 14.8 % (n = 7) with values lower than 20 ng / ml classified as failure subjects with 25 - OH D3. By correlating the values of 25 - OH D3 with age A statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) was observed, but not with serum calcium levels (p = 0.2) with DEXA CF (p = 0.18) and with DEXA L1 -L4 (p = -0.15). Conclusions: Decrease of the prevalence of vitamin D (25 - OHD3) is overestimated, especially in tropical countries where sun exposure happens. In this study a high prevalence of Vit D hypovitaminosis (deficiencyand insufficiency) Vitamin D (38.3 %) was found. Therefore we recommend the determination of serum Vitamin D is considered in male subjects over 60 years and which have low bone mass(AU)