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Effects of Vitamin D on Cardiovascular Risk and Oxidative Stress.
Renke, Guilherme; Starling-Soares, Bernardo; Baesso, Thomaz; Petronio, Rayssa; Aguiar, Danilo; Paes, Raphaela.
Afiliação
  • Renke G; National Institute of Cardiology, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
  • Starling-Soares B; Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil.
  • Baesso T; Extreme Sports Nutrition Institute-INEE, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
  • Petronio R; Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil.
  • Aguiar D; Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil.
  • Paes R; Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil.
Nutrients ; 15(3)2023 Feb 02.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36771474
INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D has been primarily studied as an important factor influencing bone and calcium metabolism. Metabolites of vitamin D are essential for whole-body calcium homeostasis, maintaining serum calcium levels within a narrow range by regulating this process in the bones and gut. Nevertheless, its deficiency is also related to increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-with increased visceral adipose tissue and body mass index (BMI), as well as the frequently associated hypercholesterolemia. It has been reported that vitamin D levels are inversely related to cardiovascular (CV) risk in men and women. However, the effects of vitamin D on distinct outcomes in women and the dose of supplementation needed to improve clinical endpoints have not been established. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] reduces systemic inflammatory mediators in CVD and favors the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines from the immune system. In addition, 25(OH)D can be primarily converted into calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D]) in the kidneys through the action of the 1-α-hydroxylase enzyme. Calcitriol, through the downregulation mechanism of renin expression, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity, and its interaction with the vitamin D receptor, can bring CV benefits. The calcitriol form also lowers parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels by indirectly causing a reduction in aldosterone and mineralocorticoid synthesis. Elevated plasma aldosterone is related to endothelial dysfunction and CVD in hypovitaminosis D status. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D supplementation may benefit certain risk groups, as it improves metabolic variables, reducing oxidative stress and CV outcomes. More studies are needed to define interventions with vitamin D in men and women.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Deficiência de Vitamina D / Doenças Cardiovasculares / Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 Tipo de estudo: Etiology_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limite: Female / Humans / Male Idioma: En Revista: Nutrients Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Brasil País de publicação: Suíça

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Deficiência de Vitamina D / Doenças Cardiovasculares / Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 Tipo de estudo: Etiology_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limite: Female / Humans / Male Idioma: En Revista: Nutrients Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Brasil País de publicação: Suíça