RESUMO
The Didactics Applied to Care discipline is developed in the fifth semester of the nursing graduation course. It develops several theoretical-practical contents, among them, the teaching strategy. Our objective is to report the experience with the use of puppet theater to promote the oral health of children in a day nursery in the São Paulo East Zone. With this report we make it clear that the theoretical contents developed by the Didactics Applied to Care Discipline are essential to the practice of Health Education. The discipline allows us to develop multiple activities in the role of educator and in health promotion.
Assuntos
Educação em Enfermagem/métodos , Jogos e Brinquedos , Materiais de EnsinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA) was developed to overcome the need for sensitive techniques for the efficient diagnosis of Schistosoma infection in endemic settings with low parasitic burden. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This system amplifies a 121-base pair tandem repeat DNA sequence, immobilizes the resultant 5' biotinylated product on streptavidin-coated strip-well microplates and uses anti-fluorescein antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase to detect the hybridized fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotide probe. The detection limit of the Schistosoma PCR-ELISA system was determined to be 1.3 fg of S. mansoni genomic DNA (less than the amount found in a single cell) and estimated to be 0.15 S. mansoni eggs per gram of feces (fractions of an egg). The system showed good precision and genus specificity since the DNA target was found in seven Schistosoma DNA samples: S. mansoni, S. haematobium, S. bovis, S. intercalatum, S. japonicum, S. magrebowiei and S. rhodaini. By evaluating 206 patients living in an endemic area in Brazil, the prevalence of S. mansoni infection was determined to be 18% by examining 12 Kato-Katz slides (41.7 mg/smear, 500 mg total) of a single fecal sample from each person, while the Schistosoma PCR-ELISA identified a 30% rate of infection using 500-mg of the same fecal sample. When considering the Kato-Katz method as the reference test, artificial sensitivity and specificity rates of the PCR-ELISA system were 97.4% and 85.1%, respectively. The potential for estimating parasitic load by DNA detection in feces was assessed by comparing absorbance values and eggs per gram of feces, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.700 (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study reports the development and field evaluation of a sensitive Schistosoma PCR-ELISA, a system that may serve as an alternative for diagnosing Schistosoma infection.
Assuntos
Fezes/parasitologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Schistosoma/isolamento & purificação , Esquistossomose/diagnóstico , Esquistossomose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Schistosoma/genética , Esquistossomose/parasitologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Although interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) plays a critical role in periodontitis, no information is available regarding the effect of smoking on this cytokine in the periodontium. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking on the IFN-gamma levels in gingival tissue from patients with chronic periodontitis. Sixty-two patients were assigned to three groups: healthy [non-smoking and periodontally healthy individuals (probing depth
Assuntos
Gengiva/metabolismo , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Periodontite/metabolismo , Fumar/metabolismo , Adulto , Antivirais/imunologia , Doença Crônica , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Interferon gama/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Fumar/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The utility of 2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays amplifying genus or Viannia subgenus Leishmania minicircle kDNA for the diagnostics of ML was assessed. The Viannia subgenus product was yielded after PCR from isolates of L. (Viannia) braziliensis, L. (Viannia) colombiensis, and L. (Viannia) guyanensis, whereas no product was obtained with the non-Viannia-pertaining species: L. (Leishmania) amazonensis, L. (Leishmania) donovani, and L. (Leishmania) chagasi. With both assays, 11 of 13 (86.4%) patients with confirmed ML could be identified, whereas only 2 (16.7%) of these patients were positive by microscopy. All amplified genus-specific products gave a positive signal by hybridization with a Leishmania (Viannia) subgenus-specific radioactive probe. The Viannia subgenus-specific kDNA PCR represents a sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of ML, remarkably improving the sensitivity of parasitological methods and offering an alternative for the radioactive-dependent assays for subgenus characterization.