RESUMO
Common bean has the potential to improve gut microbiota function due to its chemical composition and content of dietary fiber. This study evaluated the effect of cooked common bean (CCB) flour and its protein hydrolysate as part of a high-fat diet (HFD) added with 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (10 mg/kg/d), an inhibitor of thyroid hormone synthesis, on gut health of BALB/c mice. Forty-eight adult mice were divided into four groups: normal control; HFD; HFD plus CCB flour (346.6 g/kg of diet) (HFBF group) and HFD plus CCB protein hydrolysate (700 mg/Kg/d) (HFPH group). HFBF, but not HFPH, increased cecum weight, and the moisture, and lipids in the excreted feces, compared to control groups. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of the cecal microbiota indicated changes in the beta-diversity between the HFBF and HFPH groups, compared to the normal control. The abundance of Bacteroidetes increased and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio decreased in the HFBF compared to control groups. However, HFPH was not able to prevent the damage caused by a HFD to the gut bacterial communities. The OTUs enriched by HFBF were mainly assigned to members of the Muribaculaceae family, which shows potential to improve gut health. The intake of CCB flour improved intestinal health and modulated the composition and function of the cecal microbiota, attenuating the effects of the HFD, added wit 6-propyl-2-thiouracil, when fed to BALB/c mice.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Phaseolus , Animais , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Farinha , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Propiltiouracila/farmacologia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Aumento de PesoRESUMO
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a source of bioactive peptides, but little is known about its effects on hypercholesterolemia, oxidative stress, and the inflammatory process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of whole flour and bean protein hydrolysate of common bean variety Carioca on inflammation and oxidative stress in BALB/c mice. Four experimental groups were included in the study: standard diet (SD), high fat high cholesterol diet (HFC), high fat high cholesterol diet and whole bean flour (HFC-F); and high fat high cholesterol diet and bean protein hydrolysate (HFC-PH). Animals fed with bean protein hydrolysate showed lower weight gain and food intake. Animals fed with whole bean flour showed lower alanine aminotransferase and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than animals fed with bean protein hydrolysate. SOD mRNA was lower in HFC, HFC-F and HFC-PH groups whereas SOD concentration was higher in HFC-F and HFC-PH groups. HSP72 mRNA expression was lower in the HFC-F group in relation to HFC-PH. IL-10 and PPARα mRNA expression was lower in HFC-F and HFC-PH groups in comparison with SD. The whole bean flour and bean protein hydrolysate reduced inflammation and the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in BALB/c mice.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Farinha , Phaseolus/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Hiperlipidemias/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidrolisados de Proteína/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Biofortified beans have been produced with higher nutrient concentrations. The objective was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo iron and zinc bioavailability of common beans Pontal (PO), targeted for biofortification, compared with conventional Perola (PE) and their effects on the iron and zinc nutritional status of preschool children. RESULTS: In Caco-2 cells, PO and PE beans did not show differences in ferritin (PO, 13.1 ± 1.4; PE, 13.6 ± 1.4 ng mg(-1) protein) or zinc uptake (PO, 15.9 ± 1.5; PE, 15.5 ± 3.5 µmol mg(-1) protein). In the rat, PO and PE beans presented high iron bioavailability (PO, 109.6 ± 29.5; PE, 110.7 ± 13.9%). In preschool children, no changes were observed in iron and zinc nutritional status comparing before and after PO consumption (ferritin, 41.2 ± 23.2 and 28.9 ± 40.4 µg L(-1) ; hemoglobin, 13.7 ± 2.2 and 13.1 ± 3.2 g dL(-1) ; plasma zinc, 119.2 ± 24.5 and 133.9 ± 57.7 µg dL(-1) ; erythrocyte zinc, 53.5 ± 13.8 and 59.4 ± 17.1 µg g(-1) hemoglobin). CONCLUSION: Iron and zinc bioavailability in PO and PE beans was not statistically different using either cell culture, animal or human models. Efforts should focus on increasing mineral bioavailability of beans targeted for biofortification.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Alimentos Fortificados , Ferro/farmacocinética , Estado Nutricional , Phaseolus/química , Zinco/farmacocinética , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Células CACO-2 , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Eritrócitos/química , Ferritinas/sangue , Hemoglobinas/análise , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Zinco/sangueRESUMO
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a good source of protein, vitamins, minerals and complex carbohydrates. The objective was to compare protein profile, including anti-nutrient proteins, and potential bioactive peptides of improved common bean cultivars grown in Mexico and Brazil. Bean protein isolates (BPI) were prepared from 15 common bean cultivars and hydrolyzed using pepsin/pancreatin. Thirteen proteins were identified by SDS-PAGE and protein in-gel tryptic-digestion-LC/MS. Protein profile was similar among common bean cultivars with high concentrations of defense-related proteins. Major identified proteins were phaseolin, lectin, protease and α-amylase inhibitors. Lectin (159.2 to 357.9 mg lectin/g BPI), Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (inh) (4.3 to 75.5 mg trypsin inh/g BPI), Bowman-Birk inhibitor (5.4 to 14.3 µg trypsin-chymotrypsin inh/g BPI) and α-amylase inhibitor activity (2.5 to 14.9% inhibition relative to acarbose/mg BPI) were higher in Mexican beans compared to Brazilian beans. Abundant peptides were identified by HPLC-MS/MS with molecular masses ranging from 300 to 1500 Da and significant sequences were SGAM, DSSG, LLAH, YVAT, EPTE and KPKL. Potential bioactivities of sequenced peptides were angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE), dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor (DPP-IV) and antioxidant capacity. Peptides from common bean proteins presented potential biological activities related to control of hypertension and type-2 diabetes.
Assuntos
Phaseolus/química , Phaseolus/classificação , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/química , Antioxidantes/química , Brasil , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Análise por Conglomerados , Inibidores da Dipeptidil Peptidase IV/química , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Hidrólise , Lectinas/química , México , Pancreatina/metabolismo , Pepsina A/metabolismo , Peptídeos/química , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Componente Principal , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
The objective of this work was to determine the impact of germination of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), combined with enzymatic hydrolysis on the generation of bioactive peptides with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition activity and antioxidant capacity. Germination (25°C, up to 48h) and alcalase hydrolysis (up to 4h) significantly increased antioxidant capacity of cowpea proteins from 293.4 to 993.7µmol TE/g soluble protein (SP). The non-germinated and 1h alcalase hydrolysates showed the highest DPP-IV inhibition (IC50=0.58mgSP/mL), after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Selected peptides in the hydrolysates were analyzed by computational modeling. The TTAGLLE peptide interacted with S2 (GLU205, GLU206) and S3 (SER209, ARG358, PHE357) pockets of DPP-IV, and it is expected to inhibit DPP-IV by blocking its active site. Cowpea short time germination (24h) and alcalase protein hydrolysis (1h) can be used to produce ingredients with high antioxidant capacity and DPP-IV inhibition.
RESUMO
Soybean contains constituents that have antinutritional and bioactive properties. Enzymatic hydrolysis and germination can enhance the biological activity of these compounds in soybean. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of germination, Alcalase (protease) hydrolysis, and their combination on the concentrations of antinutritional and bioactive compounds in Brazilian soybean cultivar BRS 133. A combination of germination and Alcalase hydrolysis resulted in the degradation of Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI), Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), and lunasin by 96.9, 97.8, and 38.4%. Lectin was not affected by any of the processing treatments when compared to nongerminated and nonhydrolyzed soy protein extract. Total isoflavones (ISF) and total saponins (SAP) increased by 16.2 and 28.7%, respectively, after 18 h of germination, while Alcalase hydrolysis led to the reduction of these compounds. A significant correlation was found between concentrations of BBI and KTI, BBI and lunasin, BBI and ISF, KTI and lunasin, KTI and ISF, KTI and SAP, lunasin and ISF, and ISF and SAP. Germination and Alcalase hydrolysis interacted in reducing BBI, ISF, and SAP. This study presents a process of preparing soy flour ingredients with lower concentrations of antinutritional factors and with biologically active constituents, important for the promotion of health associated with soybean consumption. In conclusion, 18 h of germination and 3 h of Alcalase hydrolysis is recommended for elimination of protease inhibitors, while bioactives are maintained by at least 50% of their original concentrations.
Assuntos
Germinação/fisiologia , Glycine max , Sementes/enzimologia , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Inibidor da Tripsina de Soja de Bowman-Birk/metabolismo , Inibidor da Tripsina de Soja de Kunitz/metabolismo , Brasil , Hidrólise , Isoflavonas/análise , Saponinas/análise , Sementes/química , Especificidade da Espécie , Subtilisinas/metabolismo , Inibidor da Tripsina de Soja de Bowman-Birk/análise , Inibidor da Tripsina de Soja de Kunitz/análiseRESUMO
The effect of germination in combination with Alcalase hydrolysis of Brazilian soybean cultivar BRS 133 on the production of soybean flours with bioactive peptides as modulators of oxidative stress and markers of inflammation was monitored. The electrophoretic profile showed a weak protein breakdown during germination. However, a strong breakdown of the proteins can be observed after the first hour of hydrolysis with Alcalase. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of the protein extracts showed differences in the intensity and profile of peptide mass fingerprint due to germination and hydrolysis. Germinated flour showed higher soluble protein concentration and antioxidant capacity. All soybean protein extracts and protein hydrolysates produced (G0, G18 and G72) showed a significant (p<0.05) inhibition on inflammatory markers such as nitric oxide (20.5-69.3%), iNOS (22.8-93.6%), PGE(2) (64.0-88.3%), COX-2 (36.2-76.7%), and TNF-α (93.9-99.5%) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. However, protein extracts of flours with 18 h of germination were more potent in inhibiting pro-inflammatory responses when compared to 72 h. It can be concluded that a combination of 72 h of soybean BRS 133 germination and 1h Alcalase hydrolysis resulted in the formation of bioactive compounds with more potent antioxidant activity, and improvement in the reduction of some of the markers of inflammation.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Farinha/análise , Glycine max/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Proteínas de Soja/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Brasil , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Germinação , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Camundongos , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacologia , Proteínas de Soja/farmacologia , Glycine max/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologiaRESUMO
Dietary intake of berry fruits has been demonstrated to positively impact human health. Interest in exploring new and exotic types of berries has grown in recent years. This article provides botanical descriptions and reviews the chemistry, biological activities, and commercialization of berry-producing plants from South America, specifically Aristotelia chilensis, Euterpe oleracea, Malpighia emarginata, Ugni molinae, Fragaria chiloensis, Rubus glaucus, Rubus adenotrichus, and Vaccinium floribundum. These species possess a rich and diversified composition of bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties. The most significant health benefits have been attributed to phenolic compounds and vitamin C, potentially protective against cardiovascular disease and cancer. Although both traditional folk medicine and composition of these berries suggest significant health benefits, few studies to date have investigated these potentials.
Assuntos
Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Frutas/química , Magnoliopsida/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Fitoterapia , Preparações de Plantas/química , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Ácido Ascórbico/economia , Comércio , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , Fenóis/economia , Preparações de Plantas/economia , América do SulRESUMO
The objective of this study was to compare the antioxidant effect of ardisin and epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCG) in hepatocytes exposed to either benomyl or 1-nitropyrene (1-NP). Rat hepatocytes were incubated in a serum-free medium with non-cytotoxic concentrations of either ardisin (0.27 microg/ml) or EGCG (3 microg/ml), and with either benomyl (35 microg/ml) or 1-NP (0.25 microg/ml). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidation was determined, as well as the content of glutathione (GSH) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). In comparison to the control, the concentration of GSH improved 282% (P<0.05) and 260% (P<0.05) after the cells were pre-incubated with ardisin or EGCG and then exposed to benomyl, respectively. The activity of GPx decreased 55% with ardisin (P<0.05) and 51% with EGCG (P<0.05), and MDA decreased 7% and 23% (P<0.05) with the same treatments. The concentration of GSH also improved when the cells were incubated with either EGCG (49%, P<0.05) or ardisin (83%, P<0.05) simultaneously with 1-NP, relative to 1-NP alone. Moreover, ardisin decreased MDA formation by 65% (p<0.05), and enhanced the activity of GR by 137% (P<0.05). These results suggest that ardisin is a better suppressor of lipid peroxidation induced by benomyl and 1-NP than EGCG. It is concluded that ardisin and EGCG are potent antioxidants that can afford protection against free radical mediated diseases.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Benomilo/toxicidade , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Catequina/farmacologia , Fungicidas Industriais/toxicidade , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirenos/toxicidade , Resorcinóis/farmacologia , Animais , Benomilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Meios de Cultura , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Glutationa Redutase/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Herbal tea preparations of Ardisia compressa (AC) have been used in folk medicine against liver disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro protective effect of an aqueous extract of dry leaves of AC on 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) induced cytotoxicity on rat hepatocytes. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), antioxidant enzyme activities (glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and glutathione levels were studied. After 2 h of incubation, 0.25 microg/ml of 1-NP had an approximately 50% cytotoxic effect on hepatocytes. This environmental toxicant also increased malondialdehyde (77%), and glutathione peroxidase (46%), producing a significant consumption of endogenous antioxidant glutathione. (-)Epigallocatechin 3-gallato (EGCG) and AC decreased the viability of hepatocytes after 2 h of incubation at concentrations above 3 microg/ml and 2.52 microg, equivalents of (+)catechin/ml, respectively. A 100% hepatocyte protection was observed when cells were first exposed to AC (2.52 microg, equivalents of (+)catechin/ml), and then followed by 1-NP (0.25 microg/ml). Cells incubated with AC, either simultaneously or before treatment with 1-NP, were protected 75 and 84%, respectively. Cell protection of AC was superior to EGCG. Addition of AC to 1-NP (1:10) modulated superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities (P<0.005), as well as the cellular level of GSH. The results indicate that AC has an antioxidant protective effect on rat hepatocytes when exposed to 1-NP.