RESUMO
Generation of uremic toxins p-cresylsulfate (p-CS), indoxyl sulfate (IS) and indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) in hemodialysis (HD) individuals may be associated with the gut flora and recognized markers of disease progression. This study investigated the effect of synbiotic meal on uremic toxins in HD individuals. We conducted randomized singleblind and placebo-controlled intervention study with 58 HD subjects (20F/38M, 63.1⯱â¯10.9-old) who were randomly allocated in synbiotic group (SG, 40â¯g of extruded sorghum plus 100â¯mL of unfermented probiotic milk) or control group (CG, 40â¯g of extruded corn plus 100â¯mL of pasteurized milk), during 7-wk Metabolic markers and uremic toxins, fecal concentration of short chain fatty acid and pH value was determined. The SG group had decreased serum p-CS and IS, as well as decreased urea concentration (pâ¯<â¯.05) compared to CG. SG showed higher fecal butyric acid and lower pH compared to baseline and SC (pâ¯<â¯.05). In addition, serum p-CS and fecal pH were positively correlated to urea concentration in SG participants at the endpoint. The consumption of the synbiotic meal during 7-wk reduced colonic pH, and reduced serum uremic (p-CS and IS) toxins and urea in HD subjects.
Assuntos
Refeições , Diálise Renal , Simbióticos , Ureia/toxicidade , Uremia/sangue , Idoso , Bifidobacterium longum , Biomarcadores/sangue , Brasil , Cresóis , Feminino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Indicã , Ácidos Indolacéticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Ésteres do Ácido Sulfúrico , Ureia/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Overweight is ever more prevalent in the pediatric population, and this cardiometabolic factor can be associated with inflammatory markers, gut microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. The aim of this study is to evaluate to what extent the abundance of gut microbiota phyla, SCFA concentrations, and inflammatory markers are associated with elevated body fat percentage (BF%), overweight, and obesity in female adolescents. METHODS: An experimental and comparative study was conducted with 96 girls 14 to 19 years old. They were divided into 3 groups: G1-eutrophic (EUT) and adequate BF%; G2-EUT and high BF%; and G3-overweight (OW) or obese (OB) and high BF%. Waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WtHR), and neck circumference (NC) were analyzed as indicators of central visceral adiposity. The BF% was evaluated by DEXA equipment. A food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate the main types of food consumed in a week. The abundance of the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria phyla was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the SFCA concentrations (acetic, butyric, and propionic) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The inflammatory markers leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed. RESULTS: Female adolescents in groups G2 and G3 had greater central visceral adiposity and leptin concentration than those in group G1. No association was found between gut microbiota phyla abundance and SFCA concentrations in any of the groups. WC and frequency of consumption of oily and fatty foods were associated with Firmicutes abundance and SFCA concentrations. Girls with high WC also had the greatest leptin (p < 0.001) and hs-CRP (p = 0.035) concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory markers showed association with increased BMI and high BF% in female adolescents. The abundance of Firmicutes was associated with WC and NC, but not with BMI classification or BF%. Specifically, WC and the consumption of oils and fats showed correlation with SCFA concentrations. Different anthropometric indicators, such as NC and WC, should be incorporated into the clinical evaluation of the nutritional status of individuals in the adolescent population.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/sangue , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/microbiologia , Sobrepeso/sangue , Sobrepeso/microbiologia , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Índice de Massa Corporal , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Circunferência da Cintura/fisiologia , Razão Cintura-Estatura , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The study investigated the effect of extruded sorghum flour (ESF) in a high fat diet (HFD) on biometric measurements and hepatic lipogenesis. Male Wistar rats were fed a normal diet (AIN-93M), HFD, HFD plus ESF replacing 50% cellulose and 100% corn starch (HFDS50), or HFD plus ESF replacing 100% cellulose and 100% corn starch (HFDS100) for eight weeks. ESF reduced the body mass index and liver weight of obese rats. Additionally, ESF reduced hepatic lipogenesis by increasing adiponectin 2 receptor gene expression and gene and protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), while reducing the gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1. Molecular docking analysis revealed the affinity of ESF compounds (luteolinidin, apigeninidin, 5-methoxy-luteolinidin, and 7-methoxy-apigeninidin) with the PPAR-α receptor. Histological analysis confirmed the decreased grade of hepatic steatosis in obese rats. These data indicate the potential of ESF to reduce metabolic risk of hepatic steatosis associated with lipogenesis and obesity.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Fígado Gorduroso/prevenção & controle , Farinha , Lipogênese , Fígado/metabolismo , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Sorghum , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fígado Gorduroso/genética , Fígado Gorduroso/metabolismo , Fígado Gorduroso/patologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/patologia , Tamanho do Órgão , PPAR alfa/genética , PPAR alfa/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Receptores de Adiponectina/genética , Receptores de Adiponectina/metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/genética , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Redução de PesoRESUMO
Iron deficiency affects thousands of people worldwide. Biofortification of staple food crops aims to support the reduction of this deficiency. This study evaluates the effect of combinations of common beans and rice, targets for biofortification, with high carotenoid content crops on the iron bioavailability, protein gene expression, and antioxidant effect. Iron bioavailability was measured by the depletion/repletion method. Seven groups were tested (n = 7): Pontal bean (PB); rice + Pontal bean (R + BP); Pontal bean + sweet potato (PB + SP); Pontal bean + pumpkin (PB + P); Pontal bean + rice + sweet potato (PB + R + P); Pontal bean + rice + sweet potato (PB + R + SP); positive control (Ferrous Sulfate). The evaluations included: hemoglobin gain, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency (HRE), gene expression of divalente metal transporter 1 (DMT-1), duodenal citocromo B (DcytB), ferroportin, hephaestin, transferrin and ferritin and total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC). The test groups, except the PB, showed higher HRE (p < 0.05) than the control. Gene expression of DMT-1, DcytB and ferroportin increased (p < 0.05) in the groups fed with high content carotenoid crops (sweet potato or pumpkin). The PB group presented lower (p < 0.05) TAC than the other groups. The combination of rice and common beans, and those with high carotenoid content crops increased protein gene expression, increasing the iron bioavailability and antioxidant capacity.