RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: There are scarce data on the routine latent tuberculosis infection treatment (LTBIT) and factors associated with a non-completion in high tuberculosis burden countries. Therefore, in this study we aimed to evaluate the factors associated with non-completion of LTBIT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a non-matched case control study conducted at a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 114 cases and 404 controls were enrolled between January/1999 and December/2009. Cases were close contacts who did not complete the LTBIT and controls were the contacts that completed it. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate risk factors associated with non-completion of LTBIT among contacts in two different periods of recruitment. RESULTS: Factors associated with non-completion LTBIT included: drug use (OR 23.33, 95% CI 1.83-296.1), TB treatment default by the index case (OR 16.97, 95% CI 3.63-79.24) and drug intolerance. TB disease rates after two years of follow up varied from 0.4% to 1.9%. The number necessary to treat to prevent one TB case among contacts was 116. CONCLUSIONS: Non-completion treatment by the index case and illicit drug use were associated with not completing latent tuberculosis infection treatment and no tuberculosis disease was identified among those who completed latent tuberculosis infection treatment.
Assuntos
Tuberculose Latente , Tuberculose , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Tuberculose Latente/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Latente/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Schizotetranychus hindustanicus (Hirst) is a pest of quarantine importance, recently introduced in Brazil. There was no information in the literature, on the efficacy of acaricides for the control of S. hindustanicus (Hirst) under field conditions, up to the conduction of this research. The objective of this study was to evaluate some acaricides currently used in citrus orchards, determining their effect on pest mites and predaceous mites (Phytoseiidae) living among the crop. The experiment was carried out in a citrus orchard (Tahitian lime), in the Boa Vista municipality, in the state of Roraima, Brazil. The acaricides studied and their respective concentrations (g a.i./100 l of water) were: mancozeb (200), abamectin (0.36), spirodiclofen (6), sulphur (400) and dimethoate (80). The application was made using tractor-mounted hydraulic handgun sprayers, using a volume of 10 L of acaricide suspension per plant. The statistical design was a completely randomized design with six treatments and five replicates. The evaluations of the effect of chemicals on the populations of S. hindustanicus and predaceous mites (Phytoseiidae) were carried out at 1, 4, 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days after treatment (DAT). During each evaluation, 20 leaves and 10 fruits were collected per plot, counting the number of S. hindustanicus and phytoseiid mites. All the chemicals reduced significantly the population of hindustan citrus mite on the leaves until 28 DAT. The acaricides dimethoate and spirodiclofen were highly effective against S. hindustanicus, and spirodiclofen presented a longer effective period than dimethoate. Regarding the predaceous mites, dimethoate, sulfur and abamectin caused significant mortality (72 to 100%) to the predators up to 4 DAT. The predominant species of Phytoseiid mite was Euseius concordis (Chant), corresponding to 71% of mites of this family.
O ácaro-hindustânico-dos-citros, Schizotetranychus hindustanicus (Hirst), é uma praga de importância quarentenária, recentemente introduzida no Brasil. Até a condução do presente estudo, não havia informações na literatura sobre a eficiência de acaricidas no controle de S. hindustanicus, em condições de campo. O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de alguns acaricidas, utilizados em pomares de citros no país, sobre o ácaro-praga e ácaros predadores (Phytoseiidae) presentes na cultura. O experimento foi conduzido em um pomar de citros (limão-tahiti), em Boa Vista, RR. Os acaricidas testados e respectivas concentrações (g i.a./100 L de água) foram: mancozebe (200), abamectina (0,36), espirodiclofeno (6), enxofre (400) e dimetoato (80). A aplicação foi realizada com equipamento acoplado a um trator, provido de pistolas, aplicando-se 10 litros de calda por planta. O delineamento estatístico foi inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 1, 4, 7, 14, 28, 42 e 56 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Em cada avaliação, foram coletados 20 folhas e 10 frutos por parcela, contando-se o número de ácaros S. hindustanicus e fitoseídeos. Todos os produtos reduziram significativamente a população do ácaro-hindustânico nas folhas até 28 DAA. Os acaricidas dimetoato e espirodiclofeno foram altamente eficientes no controle de S. hindustanicus, sendo que o espirodiclofeno apresentou um período de controle mais longo que dimetoato. Com relação aos ácaros predadores, dimetoato, enxofre e abamectina causaram mortalidades significativas (72 a 100%) aos fitoseídeos, até 4 DAA. A espécie predominante de fitoseídeo foi Euseius concordis (Chant), correspondendo a 71% dos ácaros observados.