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The Amazon region is known for its continental dimension, water abundance, and especially for the rich biodiversity that this biome hosts. Among the thousands of plant species in the Amazon, many represent food sources. Among these, cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K.Schum.) stands out as an iconic fruit with an exotic flavor, appreciated for its remarkable organoleptic properties. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive description of its biology, agronomical uses, nutritional values, chemical compositions, medicinal properties, and industrial applications. The search based on scientific articles demonstrates T. grandiflorum as a valuable ingredient for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors. Data analysis demonstrates that cupuaçu cultivation and processing contribute to the strengthening of local production chains and promotes the development of small communities, and thus the bioeconomy in the Amazon region. In this sense, since the last decade, cultivar improvement has required multidisciplinary efforts, resulting in disease-resistant plants with better productivity. Regarding its chemical composition, T. grandiflorum is a notable source of methylxanthine alkaloids, polyphenols, aroma compounds, and lipids. The presence of these compounds supports the use of cupuaçu in various products and help us to understand the potential health benefits of its consumption. Through the integration of all collected information, key gaps in basic and applied sciences were observed, highlighting the need for more research to uncover novel applications and products of T. grandiflorum. The development of new products based on biodiversity is fundamental to promoting environmental and economic sustainability, which are key steps to the survival of the Amazon rainforest. Therefore, this work summarizes the knowledge on this source and sheds light on a food source that is little known outside of the Amazon borders.
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Frutas , Valor Nutritivo , Frutas/química , HumanosRESUMO
Bacteria of the species Oceanotoga teriensis belong to the family Petrotogaceae, are Gram-negative bacilli, are moderately thermophilic and are included in the group of thiosulfate-reducing bacteria, being capable of significantly accelerating corrosion in metallic structures. However, no in-depth study on the genome, antibiotic resistance and mobile elements has been carried out so far. In this work, the isolation, phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the multi-resistant O. teriensis UFV_LIMV02 strain was carried out, from water samples from an offshore oil extraction platform in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). We determined that the isolate has a genome of 2 812 778 bp in size, with 26â% GC content, organized into 34 contigs. Genomic annotation using Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology revealed the presence of genes related to resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. By evaluating the antimicrobial resistance of the isolate using the disc diffusion technique, resistance was verified for the classes of antibiotics, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, lincosamides and rifamycins, a total of 14 antibiotics. The search for genomic islands, prophages and defence systems against phage infection revealed the presence of five genomic islands in its genome, containing genes related to resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics, most of which are efflux pumps and several transposases. No prophage was found in its genome; however, nine different defence systems against phage infection were detected. When analysing the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) systems, four CRISPR arrays, classified as types I-B and III-B, with 272 spacers, can provide the strain with immunity to different mobile genetic elements and bacteriophage infection. The results found in this study show that the isolate UFV_LIVM02 is an environmental bacterium, resistant to different classes of antibiotics, and that the proteins encoded by the predicted genomic islands may be associated with the development of greater resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. They provide evidence that environmental bacteria found in offshore oil exploration residues may pose a risk for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. More comprehensive studies on the microbial community present in oil waste are needed to assess the risks of horizontal gene transfer.
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PURPOSE: Obesity and its associated metabolic disorders, such as T2DM and MeS, are a growing public health problem worldwide. Our goal was the identification of protein patterns that are uniquely characteristic of higher BMI, MeS, and T2DM in a Brazilian population. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Saliva and plasma proteomes, clinical parameters were analyzed in a population from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a mixed-race population. Volunteers were sorted by their BMI into normal (n = 29), overweight (n = 25), and obese (n = 15) and were compared with individuals with MeS (n = 23) and T2DM (n = 11). RESULTS: The Random Forest (RF) predictive model revealed that three clinical variables, BMI, HOMA-IR, and fasting blood glucose, are most important for predicting MeS and T2DM. A total of six plasmatic proteins (ABCD4, LDB1, PDZ, podoplanin, lipirin-alpha-3, and WRS) and six salivary proteins (hemoglobin subunit beta, POTEE, T cell receptor alpha variable 9-2, lactotransferrin, cystatin-S, carbonic anhydrase 6), are enhanced in T2DM and in MeS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our data revealed similar alterations in protein composition across individuals with abnormal weight gain, T2DM, and MeS. This finding confirms the close link between these conditions at the molecular level in the studied population, potentially enhancing our understanding of these diseases and paving the way for the development of novel diagnostic tools.
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BACKGROUND & AIMS: The treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) could greatly benefit from using nitric oxide (NO) donors. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of action of NONO2P that contribute to the observed responses in the mesenteric artery. The hypothesis was that NONO2P would have similar pharmacological actions to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and NO. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were euthanized to isolate the superior mesenteric artery for isometric tension recordings. NO levels were measured using the DAF-FM/DA dye, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were determined using a cGMP-ELISA Kit. RESULTS: NONO2P presented a similar maximum efficacy to SNP. The free radical of NO (NOâ¢) scavengers (PTIO; 100 µM and hydroxocobalamin; 30 µM) and nitroxyl anion (NO-) scavenger (L-cysteine; 3 mM) decreased relaxations promoted by NONO2P. The presence of the specific soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor (ODQ; 10 µM) nearly abolished the vasorelaxation. The cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibition (KT5823; 1 µM) attenuated the NONO2P relaxant effect. The vasorelaxant response was significantly attenuated by blocking inward rectifying K+ channels (Kir), voltage-operated K+ channels (KV), and large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa). NONO2P-induced relaxation was attenuated by cyclopiazonic acid (10 µM), indicating that sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activation is involved in this relaxation. Moreover, NONO2P increased NO levels in endothelial cells and cGMP production. CONCLUSIONS: NONO2P induces vasorelaxation with the same magnitude as SNP, releasing NO⢠and NO-. Its vasorelaxant effect involves sGC, PKG, K+ channels opening, and SERCA activation, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic option for CVD.
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Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de GMP Cíclico , GMP Cíclico , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico , Óxido Nítrico , Canais de Potássio , Ratos Wistar , ATPases Transportadoras de Cálcio do Retículo Sarcoplasmático , Transdução de Sinais , Guanilil Ciclase Solúvel , Vasodilatação , Animais , Masculino , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Guanilil Ciclase Solúvel/metabolismo , ATPases Transportadoras de Cálcio do Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismo , Ratos , Canais de Potássio/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de GMP Cíclico/metabolismo , GMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Artérias Mesentéricas/efeitos dos fármacos , Artérias Mesentéricas/fisiologia , Guanilato Ciclase/metabolismo , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This work proposes a design methodology for predictive control applied to the single-phase PWM inverter with an LC filter. In the design, we considered that the PWM inverter has parametric uncertainties in the filter inductance and output load resistance. The control system purpose is to track a sinusoidal signal at the inverter output. The designed control system with an embedded integrator uses the principle of receding horizon control, which underpinned predictive control. The methodology was described by linear matrix inequalities, which can be solved efficiently using convex programming techniques, and the optimal solution is obtained. MATLAB-Simulink and real-time FPGA-in-the-loop simulations illustrate the viability of the proposed control system. The LMI-based MPC reveals an effective performance for tracking of a sinusoidal reference signal and disturbance rejection of input voltage and load perturbations for the inverter subject to uncertainties.
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Snakes of the genus Bothrops inhabit tropical forests in Central and South America and are important for the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries because of the chemical properties of their venom. They serve as either definitive or intermediate hosts for many parasitic helminths. The Marajó Island (Brazil) is the natural habitat of venomous snakes, Bothrops atrox and Bothrops marajoensis, which are often found around rural and peri-urban areas and are known to bite humans. Samples of helminths parasitizing the oral cavity, subcutaneous tissues, coelomic cavity, and intestine of four B. atrox from Marajó Island (Pará-Brazil) were collected. The specimens studied were taxonomically classified as trematodes of the species Stycholecitha serpentis, nematodes of the genera Eustrongylides and Camallanus and cystacanths of an acanthocephalan of the genus Centrorhynchus. The aims of the present study were: to record helminths found in B. atrox from the Marajó Island; to discuss their role as definitive, intermediate, or paratenic hosts; and to compile a list of helminths that have been recorded in snakes of the genus Bothrops of the Neotropical region.
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Bothrops , Helmintíase Animal , Animais , Bothrops/parasitologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Helmintíase Animal/parasitologia , Helmintíase Animal/epidemiologia , Masculino , Helmintos/classificação , Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Bothrops atroxRESUMO
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate racial disparities in medication use and associated factors among pregnant women receiving prenatal care at Brazilian Unified Health System primary care health units in the northeast region. Patients and Methods: A total of 1058 pregnant women in the NISAMI Cohort were interviewed between June 2012 and February 2014. Medicines used during pregnancy were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system and ANVISA pregnancy risk categories. Prevalence ratios (crude and adjusted) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression with robust error variance. All analyses were stratified by race (Asian, black, brown/mixed, Brazilian indigenous, and white). Results: Approximately 84% of the pregnant women used at least one medication, with a lower proportion among white women. The most reported medications were antianemic preparations (71.08%; 95% CI 68.27-73.72%), analgesics (21.74%; 95% CI 19.36-24.32%), and drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders (18.81%; 95% CI 16.57-21.28%). Approximately 29% of women took potentially risky medications during pregnancy, with a higher prevalence among Asian and white women. Factors associated with medication use during pregnancy include a greater number of prenatal consultations, higher education levels, health problems, and smoking. In addition, maternal age above 25 years, smoking status, and two or more previous pregnancies were associated with potentially risky medication use during pregnancy. Conclusion: A high prevalence of medication use during pregnancy was found; however, this prevalence was lower among white women. Nonetheless, black and brown women used antianemic preparations less frequently. This finding suggests that race is a factor of inequity in prenatal care, demanding public policies to mitigate it.
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This study reports the presence of high parasitic load by Myzobdella lugubris Leidy, 1851 in the swimming crab Callinectes bocourti A. Milne-Edwards, 1879 from Amazon mangrove. We sampled the swimming crabs using a baited trap, between January and June 2023, in Santa Maria River, located in the municipality of Curuçá, state of Pará, Brazil (geographical coordinates 0°40'3.705"S, 047°54'43.405"W). After sampling, each swimming crab was individually placed in plastic containers for the count of leeches per individual. In the laboratory, the specimens were sexed, measured (parasite and host) and fixed in 70% alcohol. For the leech species identification, macroscopic techniques were combined with light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We examined 86 specimens of C. bocourti (75 males and 11 females) in a ratio of 1 M:0.14 F, all infested with leeches. In total, 186 leech specimens were collected, ranging from 1 to 21 leeches per host. Leeches oviposited the cocoons in greater quantities in ventral area of swimming crab carapace (32%), followed by dorsal area of carapace (29.09%), chelipeds (24.34%) and ambulatory legs (14.57%). The presence of M. lugubris is a risk to the health of the host, once it may transmit a range of diseases to aquatic organisms, and subsequently risk to human health.
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Braquiúros , Sanguessugas , Animais , Brasil , Sanguessugas/fisiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Braquiúros/parasitologia , Espécies Introduzidas , Interações Hospedeiro-ParasitaRESUMO
Alternative splicing is the process of generating different mRNAs from the same primary transcript, which contributes to increase the transcriptome and proteome diversity. Abnormal splicing has been associated with the development of several diseases including cancer. Given that mutations and abnormal levels of the RIPK2 transcript and RIP-2 protein are frequent in tumors, and that RIP-2 modulates immune and inflammatory responses, we investigated alternative splicing events that result in partial deletions of the kinase domain at the N-terminus of RIP-2. We also investigated the structure and expression of the RIPK2 truncated variants and isoforms in different environments. In addition, we searched data throughout Supraprimates evolution that could support the biological importance of RIPK2 alternatively spliced products. We observed that human variants and isoforms were differentially regulated following temperature stress, and that the truncated transcript was more expressed than the long transcript in tumor samples. The inverse was found for the longer protein isoform. The truncated variant was also detected in chimpanzee, gorilla, hare, pika, mouse, rat, and tree shrew. The fact that the same variant has been preserved in mammals with divergence times up to 70 million years raises the hypothesis that it may have a functional significance.
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Processamento Alternativo , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinase 2 de Interação com Receptor , Animais , Humanos , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinase 2 de Interação com Receptor/genética , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinase 2 de Interação com Receptor/metabolismo , Evolução Molecular , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Camundongos , Neoplasias/genética , RatosRESUMO
The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) contains parasympathetic motoneurons that project to the heart and lungs. These motoneurons control ventricular excitability/contractility and airways secretions/blood flow, respectively. However, their electrophysiological properties, morphology and synaptic input activity remain unknown. One important ionic current described in DMV motoneurons controlling their electrophysiological behaviour is the A-type mediated by voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channels. Thus, we compared the electrophysiological properties, synaptic activity, morphology, A-type current density, and single cell expression of Kv subunits, that contribute to macroscopic A-type currents, between DMV motoneurons projecting to either the heart or lungs of adult male rats. Using retrograde labelling, we visualized distinct DMV motoneurons projecting to the heart or lungs in acutely prepared medullary slices. Subsequently, whole cell recordings, morphological reconstruction and single motoneuron qRT-PCR studies were performed. DMV pulmonary motoneurons were more depolarized, electrically excitable, presented higher membrane resistance, broader action potentials and received greater excitatory synaptic inputs compared to cardiac DMV motoneurons. These differences were in part due to highly branched dendritic complexity and lower magnitude of A-type K+ currents. By evaluating expression of channels that mediate A-type currents from single motoneurons, we demonstrated a lower level of Kv4.2 in pulmonary versus cardiac motoneurons, whereas Kv4.3 and Kv1.4 levels were similar. Thus, with the distinct electrical, morphological, and molecular properties of DMV cardiac and pulmonary motoneurons, we surmise that these cells offer a new vista of opportunities for genetic manipulation providing improvement of parasympathetic function in cardiorespiratory diseases such heart failure and asthma.
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Coração , Pulmão , Neurônios Motores , Nervo Vago , Animais , Neurônios Motores/fisiologia , Masculino , Coração/fisiologia , Coração/inervação , Pulmão/fisiologia , Pulmão/inervação , Nervo Vago/fisiologia , Bulbo/fisiologia , Bulbo/citologia , Bulbo/metabolismo , Potenciais de Ação/fisiologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ratos , Técnicas de Patch-ClampRESUMO
Sesame, an oilseed plant with multiple applications, is susceptible to infestations by the stink bug Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). This pest suctions the seeds of this plant and injects toxins into them. Possible sources of resistance on sesame cultivars are important to manage this bug. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological aspects of N. viridula fed on three sesame cultivars aiming to select possible resistance sources for integrated pest management (IPM) programs of this stinkbug. The experimental design used randomized blocks with three treatments and four replications, each with newly emerged N. viridula nymphs fed with sesame capsules of the cultivars BRS Anahí (T1), BRS Morena (T2) and BRS Seda (T3). Two to three green sesame capsules were supplied every two days per group of ten N. viridula nymphs as one replication until the beginning of the adult stage. Adults of this stinkbug were fed in the same manner as its nymphs but with mature sesame capsules until the end of the observations. Survival during each of the five instars and of the nymph stage of N. viridula with green sesame capsules was similar between cultivars, but the duration of the nymph stage was shorter with green capsules of the BRS Morena than with those of the BRS Anahí. The oviposition period, number of egg masses and eggs per female, and the percentage of nymphs hatched were higher with mature capsules of the sesame cultivar BRS Anahí and lower with the others. Nymphs did not hatch from eggs deposited by females fed mature seed capsules of the sesame cultivar BRS Morena, which may indicate a source of resistance against this stinkbug in this cultivar. The worldwide importance of N. viridula to sesame cultivation makes these results useful for breeding programs of this plant aiming to develop genotypes resistant to this bug. In addition, the BRS Morena is a cultivar already commercially available and can be recommended in places where there is a history of incidence of N. viridula, aiming to manage the populations of this pest.
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Thin films of conjugated polymer and enzyme can be used to unravel the interaction between components in a biosensor. Using artificial neural networks (ANNs) improves data interpretability and helps construct models with great capacity for classifying and processing information. The present work used kinetic data from the catalytic activity of urease immobilized in different conjugated polymers to create ANN models using time, substrate concentration, and absorbance as input variables since the models had absorbance in a posterior instant as output value to explore the predictivity of the ANNs. The performance of the models was evaluated by Pearson's correlation coefficient (ρ) and mean squared error (MSE) values. After the learning process, a series of new experiments were performed to verify the generality of the models. As the main results, the best ANN model presented 0.9980 and 3.0736 × 10-5 for ρ and MSE, respectively. For the simulation step, intermediary values of substrate concentration were used. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values were 3.34, 3.07, and 3.78 for 12 mM, 22 mM, and 32 mM concentrations, respectively. Overall, with the simulations, it was possible to ascertain the interpolatory capacity of the model, which has a learning mechanism based on absorbance and time as variables. Thus, the potential of ANNs would be in their use in pre-evaluations, helping to determine the substrate concentration at which there is higher catalytic activity or in determining the linear range of the sensor.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Urease , Redes Neurais de Computação , Simulação por Computador , AprendizagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the seropositivity rate of rapid tests for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B and C among transvestites and transgender women (transfeminine persons) inmates in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, analyzing the results based on sociodemographic, prison profile and access to health technologies to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs). METHODS: Cross-sectional census-type study carried out with transfeminine in eleven male prisons in Rio de Janeiro, between the months of April and June 2021. RESULTS: The detection rates found were 34.4% for HIV, and 48.9% for syphilis, and 0.8% for type B and C hepatitis. Seropositivity for more than one infection was verified in 25.4% of participants, and HIV/syphilis was the most prevalent. An increase in the level of education (p=0.037) and having a steady partner in prison (p=0.041) were considered protective factors for STIs in this population. Difficulties were identified in accessing STI prevention technologies, such as male condoms, lubricating gel, rapid tests, and prophylactic antiretroviral therapies for HIV. CONCLUSION: HIV and syphilis seropositivity rates were high, but within the profile found in this population in other studies inside or outside prisons. The data found indicates the need to incorporate effective strategies for access to health technologies for the prevention of STIs. The scarcity of scientific publications containing epidemiological data on STIs in the transfeminine prison population limited deeper comparisons of the results obtained in this study.
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Infecções por HIV , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Sífilis , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Prisões , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , PrevalênciaRESUMO
An evaluation of the inflammatory enzymatic interactions related to pulmonary function can help identify biomarkers for interventions or prophylactic measures to improve patient prognosis. This study aimed to determine the effect of epoxide hydrolase inhibition by GSK2256294 in different pulmonary inflammation models. A secondary search was performed using Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Cochrane Library, Embase, Academic Google, and gray literature by two independent reviewers, who analyzed the methodological quality and consistency of the data. Different variables were compared using a meta-analysis. A total of 86 studies were found, 4 of which were selected from the gray literature. Based on the eligibility criteria, two clinical and one preclinical studies were evaluated. GSK2256294 inhibited the soluble epoxide hydrolase enzyme in both clinical and preclinical models, exhibiting greater effectiveness in clinical studies and contributing to the anti-inflammatory activity mediated by the eicosatrienoic pathway by reducing the levels of dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids and leukotoxin-diol. Overall, GSK2256294 was identified as a promising drug for controlling the deleterious manifestations of lung inflammation. Further clinical and preclinical studies are required to ensure consistency among the evidence and identify other biological activities mediated by GSK2256294.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic and static ultrasound (DSUS) in detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scarring in a cohort of children with neurogenic bladder (NB). Materials and Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted using the Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies guideline. The DSUS (index test) data were compared with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and renal scintigraphy 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic (reference tests). Overall performance for predicting VUR and renal scarring was assessed using renal pelvic diameter (RPD)/distal ureteral diameter and renal parenchymal thinning on DSUS, respectively. Results: A total of 107 patients (66 girls, median age 9.6 years) participated. Seventeen patients (15.9%) presented VUR, eight bilateral. For overall reflux grade, the AUC was 0.624 for RPD and 0.630 for distal ureteral diameter. The diagnostic performance for detecting high-grade VUR was slightly better for DSUS parameters. The AUC was 0.666 for RPD and 0.691 for distal ureteral diameter. The cut-offs of 5 mm for RPD and 6.5 mm for distal ureteral diameter presented the best diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) to identify high-grade VUR. The increase of RPD during detrusor contractions showed an accuracy of 89.2%. The thinness of renal parenchyma presented an accuracy of 88% for renal scarring. Conclusion: DSUS predicts VUR and renal scarring in children with NB with fair to good accuracy, and all measurements exhibited a high negative predictive value (NPV). The increase in RPD during voiding or detrusor contractions proved to be the most accurate parameter for indicating the presence of VUR in this study.
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BACKGROUND: Congenital Anomalies were responsible for 303,000 deaths in the neonatal period, according to the WHO, they are among the world's top 20 causes of morbidity and mortality. Expensive simulators demonstrate several diseases, but few are related to congenital anomalies. This study aims to develop, validate, and evaluate low-cost simulator models (WALL-GO) of the most common abdominal wall defects, gastroschisis, and omphalocele, to enable diagnosis through an accessible tool with study value and amenable to replication. METHODS: Market research was conducted to find materials to build low-cost models. The researchers built the model and underwent validation assessment of the selected experts who scored five or more in the adapted Fehring criteria. The experts were assessed through a 5-point Likert scale to 7 statements (S1-7). Statements were assigned values according to relevance in face and transfer validities. Concomitantly, the model was also evaluated by students from 1st to 5th year with the same instruments. Content Validity Indexes (CVIs) were considered validated between groups with concordance greater than 90%. Text feedback was also collected. Each statement was subjected to Fisher's Exact Test. RESULTS: Gastroschisis and omphalocele model costs were US $15 and US $27, respectively. In total, there were 105 simulator evaluators. 15 experts were selected. Of the 90 students, there were 16 (1st year), 22 (2nd), 16 (3rd), 22 (4th), and 14 (5th). Students and experts obtained CVI = 96.4% and 94.6%, respectively. The CVIs of each statement were not significantly different between groups (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONS: The WALL-GO models are suitable for use and replicable at a manufacturable low cost. Mannequins with abdominal wall defects are helpful in learning to diagnose and can be applied in teaching and training health professionals in developing and low-income countries.
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Parede Abdominal , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Gastrosquise , Hérnia Umbilical , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Gastrosquise/diagnóstico , Hérnia Umbilical/cirurgia , Hérnia Umbilical/diagnóstico , AprendizagemRESUMO
The synthesized complexes, cis-[Ru(NO)(NO2)(phen)2](PF6)2 (NONO2P) and cis-[Ru(NO)(NO2)(bpy)2](PF6)2 (NONO2B), were characterized by using elemental analysis, voltammetry and electronic and vibrational spectroscopy. Under electrochemical and photochemical stimulation in an aqueous medium, there are indications of the formation of complexes, which suggests that the nitro and nitrosyl groups are converted into nitric oxide. Both compounds do not show cytotoxic activity against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The cis-[Ru(NO)(NO2)(phen)2](PF6)2 complex presented vasorelaxation activity in superior mesenteric arteries from Wistar rats: the biphasic concentration-response curve indicates two sites of action. In the presence of NO scavengers, we observed an impaired relaxing effect induced by NONO2P, suggesting that the vasorelaxant effect is due to NO production from this compound.
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Doadores de Óxido Nítrico , Rutênio , Ratos , Animais , Humanos , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/farmacologia , Vasodilatadores/farmacologia , Dióxido de Nitrogênio , Células Endoteliais , Ratos Wistar , Óxido Nítrico , Rutênio/farmacologia , Rutênio/químicaRESUMO
Background: Falcine meningiomas account for 5% of intracranial meningiomas. They may involve the eloquent cortex as well as vascular structures. Gross-total resection with additional margins has been shown to be beneficial to patients and has been associated with a reduction in disease recurrence. Case Description: A 57-year-old patient presented with recurrent frontal headaches that worsened when lying down. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large lesion with homogeneous enhancement attached to the anterior third of the falx cerebri at the right frontal lobe, causing significant compression, and suggesting a meningioma. Conclusion: This operative video highlights the application of 1st-time, exposure, bone removal, arachnoid, irrigation, and reconstruction principles for safely and effectively removing a large falcine meningioma using the "grade zero" concept for maximal resection.
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PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic and static ultrasound (DSUS) in detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scarring in a cohort of children with neurogenic bladder (NB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted using the Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies guideline. The DSUS (index test) data were compared with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and renal scintigraphy 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic (reference tests). Overall performance for predicting VUR and renal scarring was assessed using renal pelvic diameter (RPD)/distal ureteral diameter and renal parenchymal thinning on DSUS, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 107 patients (66 girls, median age 9.6 years) participated. Seventeen patients (15.9%) presented VUR, eight bilateral. For overall reflux grade, the AUC was 0.624 for RPD and 0.630 for distal ureteral diameter. The diagnostic performance for detecting high-grade VUR was slightly better for DSUS parameters. The AUC was 0.666 for RPD and 0.691 for distal ureteral diameter. The cut-offs of 5 mm for RPD and 6.5 mm for distal ureteral diameter presented the best diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) to identify high-grade VUR. The increase of RPD during detrusor contractions showed an accuracy of 89.2%. The thinness of renal parenchyma presented an accuracy of 88% for renal scarring. CONCLUSION: DSUS predicts VUR and renal scarring in children with NB with fair to good accuracy, and all measurements exhibited a high negative predictive value (NPV). The increase in RPD during voiding or detrusor contractions proved to be the most accurate parameter for indicating the presence of VUR in this study.