RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: There is still a lack of clinical evidence comprehensively evaluating the effectiveness of antiviral treatments for COVID-19 hospitalized patients. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Beijing You'An Hospital, focusing on patients treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or azvudine. The study employed a tripartite analysis-viral dynamics, survival curve analysis, and AI-based radiological analysis of pulmonary CT images-aiming to assess the severity of pneumonia. RESULTS: Of 370 patients treated with either nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or azvudine as monotherapy, those in the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir group experienced faster viral clearance than those treated with azvudine (5.4 days vs. 8.4 days, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the survival curves between the two drug groups. AI-based radiological analysis revealed that patients in the nirmatrelvir group had more severe pneumonia conditions (infection ratio is 11.1 vs. 5.35, p = 0.007). Patients with an infection ratio higher than 9.2 had nearly three times the mortality rate compared to those with an infection ratio lower than 9.2. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that in real-world studies regarding hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, the antiviral effect of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is significantly superior to azvudine, but the choice of antiviral agents is not necessarily linked to clinical outcomes; the severity of pneumonia at admission is the most important factor to determine prognosis. Additionally, our findings indicate that pulmonary AI imaging analysis can be a powerful tool for predicting patient prognosis and guiding clinical decision-making.
Assuntos
Antivirais , Inteligência Artificial , Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Ritonavir , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ritonavir/uso terapêutico , COVID-19/diagnóstico por imagem , COVID-19/mortalidade , SARS-CoV-2/efeitos dos fármacos , Idoso , Resultado do Tratamento , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Hospitalização , Pneumonia Viral/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumonia Viral/mortalidade , Adulto , Pandemias , Infecções por Coronavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções por Coronavirus/mortalidade , Betacoronavirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/virologiaRESUMO
The effects of single- (Lactobacillus fermentum) or mixed-strain (Lactobacillus fermentum, Kluyveromyces marxianus) fermentation of red bean with or without wheat bran on sourdough bread quality and nutritional aspects were investigated. The results showed that, compared to unfermented controls, the tannins, phytic acid, and trypsin inhibitor levels were significantly reduced, whereas the phytochemical (TPC, TFC, and gallic acid) and soluble dietary fiber were increased in sourdough. Meanwhile, more outstanding changes were obtained in sourdough following a mixed-strain than single-strain fermentation, which might be associated with its corresponding ß-glucosidase, feruloyl esterase, and phytase activities. An increased specific volume, reduced crumb firmness, and greater sensory evaluation of bread was achieved after mixed-strain fermentation. Moreover, diets containing sourdough, especially those prepared with mixed-strain-fermented red bean with wheat bran, significantly decreased serum pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, and improved the lipid profile, HDL/LDL ratio, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity of mice. Moreover, gut microbiota diversity increased towards beneficial genera (e.g., Bifidobacterium), accompanied with a greater increase in short-chain fatty acid production in mice fed on sourdough-based bread diets compared to their controls and white bread. In conclusion, mixed-strain fermentation's synergistic effect on high fiber-legume substrate improved the baking, sensory quality, and prebiotic effect of bread, leading to potential health benefits in mice.
RESUMO
Wheat bran (WB) was solid-state fermented by either Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LGG), Levilactobacillus brevis (LB) or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP), respectively, and then their corresponding physicochemical and metabolic characteristics were investigated. Current study revealed fermentation of either Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum quickly generated lactic acid, but not for Levilactobacillus brevis. Importantly, all LAB fermentation promoted total phenolic acids contents, fermentation of LB-WB led to the greatest total phenolic content, followed by LGG-WB, with the least for LP-WB. Moreover, LGG fermentation significantly increased levels of oleic acid, stearic acid and phosphoenolpyruvic acid on carbon metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis, while LB fermentation mainly increased levels of L-phenylalanine, cholecalciferol, D-gluconic acid and D-glucarate with the influence on the entire metabolic pathway. In contrast, LP fermentation significantly decreased levels of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, cis-aconitic acid on the citrate cycle (TCA cycle). This study revealed their corresponding metabolic characteristics, which might highlight potentially individual nutritional aspects.
RESUMO
The potential effects of probiotics on lowering lipid accumulation and alleviating gut microbiota perturbation have been extensively substantiated, but whether Lactobacillus rhamnoses-fermented oyster mushroom (FOM) could more pronouncedly attenuate obesity remains unclear. In this study, the anti-obesity effect of FOM was estimated based on the gut microbiota profile and analysis of hepatic lipid metabolic characteristics. The results revealed that FOM intervention dramatically improved hepatic lipid accumulation, characterized by reduction in fat-related factor metabolism levels and liver lesion enzymatic activities and down-regulation of the expression of genes associated with glycolipid metabolism (Foxo1, Gck, G6pd, Il6r and IL-ß). Metabolomics analysis indicated HFD-induced dysglycaemia and disturbed amino acid metabolism, characterized by significant enrichment of pathways (butanoate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, etc.) and elevated levels of D-mannose, succinate and ß-D-fructose, followed by a decreased galactitol content. Furthermore, FOM intervention showed significant enrichment of specific pathways, particularly transcriptional misregulation in cancer and FoxO signaling pathways, while the MAPK signaling pathway demonstrated consistent enrichment across all experimental groups. FOM intervention reshaped the gut microbiota structure by facilitating the proliferation of SCFA producers (Romboutsia, Ruminococcaceae and Allobaculum), together with the depletion of Lachnospiraceae population. The current study strengthened our understanding of FOM prebiotic activities and obesity alleviation mechanisms.
RESUMO
Correction for 'Attenuation of metabolic syndrome in the ob/ob mouse model by resistant starch intervention is dose dependent' by Anqi Wang et al., Food Funct., 2019, 10, 7940-7951, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO01771B.
RESUMO
Background: NLP models like ChatGPT promise to revolutionize text-based content delivery, particularly in medicine. Yet, doubts remain about ChatGPT's ability to reliably support evaluations of cognitive performance, warranting further investigation into its accuracy and comprehensiveness in this area. Method: A cohort of 60 cognitively normal individuals and 30 stroke survivors underwent a comprehensive evaluation, covering memory, numerical processing, verbal fluency, and abstract thinking. Healthcare professionals and NLP models GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 conducted evaluations following established standards. Scores were compared, and efforts were made to refine scoring protocols and interaction methods to enhance ChatGPT's potential in these evaluations. Result: Within the cohort of healthy participants, the utilization of GPT-3.5 revealed significant disparities in memory evaluation compared to both physician-led assessments and those conducted utilizing GPT-4 (P < 0.001). Furthermore, within the domain of memory evaluation, GPT-3.5 exhibited discrepancies in 8 out of 21 specific measures when compared to assessments conducted by physicians (P < 0.05). Additionally, GPT-3.5 demonstrated statistically significant deviations from physician assessments in speech evaluation (P = 0.009). Among participants with a history of stroke, GPT-3.5 exhibited differences solely in verbal assessment compared to physician-led evaluations (P = 0.002). Notably, through the implementation of optimized scoring methodologies and refinement of interaction protocols, partial mitigation of these disparities was achieved. Conclusion: ChatGPT can produce evaluation outcomes comparable to traditional methods. Despite differences from physician evaluations, refinement of scoring algorithms and interaction protocols has improved alignment. ChatGPT performs well even in populations with specific conditions like stroke, suggesting its versatility. GPT-4 yields results closer to physician ratings, indicating potential for further enhancement. These findings highlight ChatGPT's importance as a supplementary tool, offering new avenues for information gathering in medical fields and guiding its ongoing development and application.
RESUMO
The U-Net-like coarse-to-fine network design is currently the dominant choice for dense prediction tasks. Although this design can often achieve competitive performance, it suffers from some inherent limitations, such as training error propagation from low to high resolution and the dependency on the deeper and heavier backbones. To design an effective network that performs better, we instead propose Recurrent Multiscale Feature Modulation (R-MSFM), a new lightweight network design for self-supervised monocular depth estimation. R-MSFM extracts per-pixel features, builds a multiscale feature modulation module, and performs recurrent depth refinement through a parameter-shared decoder at a fixed resolution. This network design enables our R-MSFM to maintain a more lightweight architecture and fundamentally avoid error propagation caused by the coarse-to-fine design. Furthermore, we introduce the mask geometry consistency loss to facilitate our R-MSFM for geometry consistent depth learning. This loss penalizes the inconsistency of the estimated depths between adjacent views within the nonoccluded and nonstationary regions. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed R-MSFM both at model size and inference speed, and show state-of-the-art results on two datasets: KITTI and Make3D. The code is available at https://github.com/jsczzzk/R-MSFM.
RESUMO
Effect of complexation of three medium-chain fatty acids (octanoic, decylic and lauric acid, OA, DA and LA, respectively) on structural characteristics, physicochemical properties and digestion behaviors of cassava starch (CS) was investigated. Current study indicated that LA was more easily to combine with CS (complex index 88.9%), followed by DA (80.9%), which was also consistent with their corresponding complexed lipids content. Following the investigation of morphology, short-range ordered structure, helical structure, crystalline/amorphous region and fractal dimension of the various complexes, all cassava starch-fatty acids complexes (CS-FAs) were characterized with a flaked morphology rather than a round morphology in native starch (control CS). X-ray diffraction demonstrated that all CS-FAs had a V-type crystalline structure, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that the complexes made from different fatty acids displayed similar V6 or V7 type polymorphs. Interestingly, small-angle X-ray scattering analysis revealed that α value became greater following increased carbon chain length of fatty acids, indicating the formation of a more ordered fractal structure in the aggregates. Changes in rheological parameters G' and G'' indicated that starch complexed with fatty acids was more likely to form a gel network, but difference among three CS-FAs complexes was significant, which might be contributed to their corresponding hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity raised from individual fatty acids. Importantly, digestion indicated that CS-LA complexes had the lowest hydrolysis degree, followed by the greatest RS content, indicating the importance of chain length of fatty acids for manipulating the fine structure and functionality of the complexes.
Assuntos
Digestão , Ácidos Graxos , Ácidos Láuricos , Manihot , Amido , Difração de Raios X , Manihot/química , Amido/química , Ácidos Láuricos/química , Ácidos Graxos/química , Ácidos Decanoicos/química , Reologia , Caprilatos/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
In this study, the impact of acetylation on physicochemical, digestive behavior and fermentation characteristics of Cyperus esculentus polysaccharides (CEP) was investigated. Results indicated that the acetylation led the molecules to be more likely aggregated, followed by a higher crystallinity, a lower apparent viscosity and a higher ratio of G" to G' (tan δ). Importantly, the acetylated polysaccharides (ACEP) had a lower digestibility, but its molecular weight was lower than that of original polysaccharides (CEP) following a simulated saliva-gastrointestinal digestion. Gut microbiota fermentation indicated that both polysaccharides generated outstanding short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in which the acetylated polysaccharides had a faster fermentation kinetics than the original one, followed by a quicker reduction of pH and a more accumulation of SCFAs, particularly butyrate. Fermentation of both polysaccharides promoted Akkermansia, followed by a reduced richness of Klebsiella. Importantly, the current study revealed that the fermentation of acetylated polysaccharides enriched Parabacteroides, while fermentation of original ones promoted Bifidobacterium, for indicating their individual fermentation characteristics and gut environmental benefits.
Assuntos
Cyperus , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis , Fermentação , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Polissacarídeos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , Acetilação , Cyperus/química , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Fenômenos Químicos , Animais , Viscosidade , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
The urban street is a congested environment that contains a large number of occluded and size-differentiated objects. Aiming at the problems of the loss of the target to be detected and low detection accuracy resulting from this situation, a newly improved algorithm, based on YOLOv4, DCYOLO is proposed. Firstly, a Difference sensitive network (DSN) is introduced to extract the edge features of objects from the original image. Then, assign the edge features back to increase the edge intensity of the object in the original image and ultimately improve the detection performance. Secondly, the feature fusion module (CFFB) based on context information is introduced to realize the cross-scale fusion of shallow fine-grained features and deep-level features, to strengthen the cross-scale semantic information fusion of feature maps and eventually improve the performance of object detection. At last, in the network prediction part, the SIOU loss function replaces the original CIOU loss function to improve the convergence speed and accuracy of object detection. The experiments based on MS COCO 2017 and self-made datasets show that, compared with the YOLOv4, the detection accuracy of DCYOLO models is greatly improved with an increase of 9.1 percentage points in AP and 10.4 percentage points in APs. Compared with YOLOv5x and Faster R-CNN, DCYOLO shows higher accuracy and better detection performance. The experiment result proves that the DCYOLO algorithm can adapt to the dense object detection requirements in the congested environment of urban streets.
RESUMO
A new generation of food packaging films is gradually replacing traditional plastic packaging films because of their biodegradability, safety, and some functional properties such as anti-bacterial and oxidant resistance. In the present work, an antibacterial packing film based on amylose starch and 2-hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride chitosan (HTCC) was prepared for meat preservation. The interfacial bonding mechanism between amylose, HTCC, and glutaraldehyde (GA) was determined experimentally and through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The macromolecular chains of amylose starch and HTCC became entangled via inter-molecular H-bonds and then cross-linked with GA via the Schiff base reaction. The interaction of amylose starch and HTCC improved the mechanical properties of the amylose films. Compared with the amylose films, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the optimal HTCC/amylose films reached to 16.13 MPa (an increase of 206.65 %) and 53.86 % (an increase of 109.49 %). The HTCC/amylose films were found to provide obvious bacteriostatic performance, a relatively low cytotoxicity, the lower transmittance in the UV region, and thus the ability to enhance the preservation of fresh meat. These excellent characteristics therefore suggest that HTCC/amylose films might be promising candidates for application in antibacterial food packaging films.
Assuntos
Amilose , Quitosana , Amilose/química , Amido/química , Quitosana/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Embalagem de Alimentos , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário , CarneRESUMO
Bioactive peptide's development is facing two challenges in terms of its lower yield and limited understanding of structurally orientated functionality. Therefore, peptides were prepared from wheat bran via a cocktail enzyme for achieving a higher level of hydrophobic amino acids than traditional method. The obtained peptides exhibited great antioxidant activities against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Among them, 91 bioactive peptides were selected through the virtual screening, and their N-terminal and C-terminal contained many hydrophobic amino acids. Then the peptides with capacity to interact with Keap1 were identified by in silico simulation, because Keap1 acts as a sensor of redox insults. The results revealed that peptides DLDW and DLGL demonstrated the highest binding affinities, and a bridge was formed between Asp of DLGL and Arg415 of Klech domain, contributing to interfering Keap1-Nrf2 interaction. These findings implied a potential application of wheat bran peptides as nutraceuticals and health-promoting ingredients.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Fibras na Dieta , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Peptídeos/química , AminoácidosRESUMO
The current study applied dual-enzymatic treatment via alcalase and Bacillus velezensis hydrolase for enhancing extraction of proteins and polysaccharides from wheat bran and modifying their corresponding structure. Results indicated the aqueous extract by enzymatic pretreatment (referred as EHWB) had an increased content of soluble substance, in which 18.5 % increased for carbohydrates and 11.4 % increased for proteins in the extract compared to the aqueous extract without enzymes (labeled as AEWB). Furthermore, compositions with lower molecular weight of 130 kDa and < 21.1 kDa for polysaccharides and proteins, respectively, were found in EHWB. Interestingly, EHWB had a twice higher radicals scavenging than that of AEWB, and digestive property indicated EHWB had a greater peptides production although glucose release was lower in gastric phase. Importantly, this is the first study to reveal that gut microbiota fermentation of EHWB resulted in faster generation of short-chain fatty acids at initial fermentation stage (6 h), followed a higher generation of butyrate at final fermentation stage (24 h). This fermentation property might be associated with its presence of lower molecular weight substrates and even the changes in the molecular structure induced by the enzymes. This study highlights a novel approach for developing a value-added product from wheat bran.
Assuntos
Fibras na Dieta , Polissacarídeos , Fibras na Dieta/metabolismo , Carboidratos/química , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , FermentaçãoRESUMO
Three mannan polysaccharides and their oligosaccharides were investigated in terms of physicochemical characteristics and effects on gut microbiota. Oligosaccharides from guar gum had the fastest fermentation kinetics for SCFAs generation at the initial stage, while the locust bean of both polymers and oligosaccharides demonstrated the lowest SCFAs through the whole fermentation process. In contrast, konjac gum steadily increased SCFAs and reached its maximum level at 24 h fermentation, indicating its fermentation character may be associated with its rheological properties. Compared to their corresponding polysaccharides, all the oligosaccharides demonstrated a faster fermentation kinetics, followed by an enriched abundance of propionate-producing bacterial Prevotella and a decreased abundance of Megamonas and Collinsella. Meanwhile, oligosaccharides reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio as well as the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Escherichia-Shigella. The fermentation of konjac substrate significantly promoted the abundance of butyrate-producing bacterial Faecalibacterium. In contrast, although the fermentation of locust bean and guar gum substrates benefited Bifidobacterium abundance due to their similar structure and monosaccharides composition, the fermentation of locust bean gum led to greater Bifidobacterium than the others, which may be associated with its higher mannose composition in the molecules. Interestingly, the partial hydrolysis of the three polysaccharides slightly reduced their prebiotic function.
RESUMO
Wheat bran (WB) was fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis (LAB-FWB), respectively, and their corresponding mechanism of obesity alleviation via gut microbiota and lipid metabolism was investigated. Results indicated LAB-FWB reduced body weight and serum glucose, followed by an improved lipid profile in obese mice compared with WB. All LAB-FWB interventions led to an enriched steroid hormone biosynthesis. LGG-WB significantly up-regulated genes in arachidonic acid metabolism, bile secretion and linoleic acid metabolism. While LB-WB down-regulated genes in PPAR signaling pathway and LP-WB up-regulated genes in linoleic acid metabolism, indicate their different regulation patterns. Furthermore, LAB-FWB reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and returned HFD-dependent bacteria Colidextribacter and Erysipelatoclostridium to be normalized. Interestingly, LAB-FWB significantly enriched lipid-related pathways, benefiting xanthohumol, prostaglandin F2alpha, LPI 18:2 and lipoamide biosynthesis in lipid metabolic pathway, but not found in WB group. Among them, treatment with LGG-WB exerted the greatest function on alleviating obesity syndromes.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Probióticos , Camundongos , Animais , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Fibras na Dieta , Ácido Linoleico , Obesidade/metabolismo , Probióticos/farmacologiaRESUMO
An animal model of Cd-induced kidney damage was designed to investigate the nephroprotective potential of the probiotic-fermented Ganoderma lucidum (FGL) via metabonomic analysis. The results showed that FGL enhanced sugar and amino acid metabolism. The interaction of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) and probiotics efficiently elevated short-chain fatty acid production following gut microbiota fermentation. The current data revealed that the FGL intervention alleviated Cd-induced nephrotoxicity via elevating the activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreasing the levels of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic factors. Based on transcriptome analysis, FGL intervention mediated renal dysfunction via decreasing the expressions of Nos2, Tnfsf14, S100a9, Map3k6 and Hk3, which were involved in oxidative stress, inflammatory response and the apoptosis process. The current study highlights a new approach for achieving positive nephroprotection via natural product intervention.
Assuntos
Cádmio , Reishi , Animais , Metabolômica , Estresse Oxidativo , FermentaçãoRESUMO
In this study, the effect of mixed-strain fermentation using Kluyveromyces marxianus with either Lactobacillus plantarum or Pediococcus pentosaceus on the physiochemical and nutritional properties of white kidney bean flour sourdough was investigated. The results indicated that mixed-strain fermentation reduced the anti-nutritional factors produced from the white kidney bean flour, especially in the sourdough fermented by L. plantarum and K. marxianus (WKS-LK) compared to that by P. pentosaceus and K. marxianus (WKS-JK). Meanwhile, the content of lactic acid and acetic acid and the proportion of peptides with molecular weights ranging from <500 to 5000 Da were increased in the sourdoughs (WKS-LK > WKS-JK). Compared to the control (WK), microstructural characteristics of the dough seemed to be improved in WKS-LK followed by WKS-JK in terms of their corresponding gluten network consistency. Moreover, mixed fermentation led to a reduced starch digestibility accompanied by a higher content of resistant starch and slowly digestible starch. In contrast, protein digestibility was enhanced in WKS-LK and WKS-JK sourdough breads. More importantly, the changes in gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, systemic inflammation, glucose tolerance and liver tissue histopathology following 21-day consumption of the sourdough bread were also evaluated via an animal model. The intake of sourdough breads reduced the abundance of the pathogenic microbiota Escherichia shigella. In contrast, the corresponding abundance of Rikenellaceae, Akkermansiaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Prevotellaceae and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes was increased, followed by enhanced SCFA generation, with the highest in WKS-LK and then WKS-JK. Meanwhile, a reduced level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum and improved glucose tolerance and liver tissue histopathology following the bread consumption were also achieved in the order of WKS-LK, then WKS-JK mice compared to WK.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Phaseolus , Animais , Camundongos , Fermentação , Pão/análise , Amido , Glucose , Farinha/análiseRESUMO
This research was designed to characterize the structure of Cyperus esculentus polysaccharide (CEP) and its acetylated one (ACEP), and then investigated the effects of acetylation on the changes in physicochemical properties, thermal stability, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. Results showed that CEP and ACEP were heteropolysaccharides consisting of glucose, mannose, arabinose and xylose. The main chain of CEP included α-1,4-Glcp residues with the branching points at the O-6 position of the α-1,6-Manp residues. Acetyl groups were substituted at the O-2 and O-6 positions of some glucose residues. Meanwhile, the acetylation remarkably improved the polysaccharides thermal stability, and the ACEP exhibited a greater antioxidant activity. Furthermore, CEP and ACEP were proved to protect RAW 264.7 cells against LPS-induced inflammation by improving cellular morphology and decreasing reactive oxygen species secretion. This study may highlight a new approach for developing a high value-added ingredient from C. esculentus for functional food industry.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Cyperus , Camundongos , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Cyperus/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/química , Células RAW 264.7 , GlucoseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ageing and associated cognitive impairments are becoming serious issues around the world. In this study, the physiological properties of three kinds of complexes of fatty acid (capric, stearic and oleic acid, respectively) and de-branched starch molecules were investigated via a d-galactose-induced ageing model. This study revealed differences in the regulation of cognitive impairment and brain damage following intervention of different complexes, which might highlight a potent approach for the prevention of this chronic disease. RESULTS: Data indicated that three complexes improved response time and cognitive function and the bio-parameter markers associated with oxidative stress in ageing rats. Among them, the complexes prepared from de-branched starch-oleic acid showed a greater improvement compared to others. In addition, de-branched starch-capric acid complex showed a higher improvement in the morphology of colon cells and hippocampal neuronal cells. The consumption of de-branched starch-capric acid and -oleic acid complexes generated more short-chain fatty acids in the gut. More importantly, the complexation of de-branched starch with either caprate or stearate enhanced gut Akkermansia. Therefore, it was proposed that the richness in Akkermansia and gut metabolites might be associated with reduced damage of the hippocampal neuronal cells induced by the ageing progress. Moreover, the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) pathway was activated in liver in de-branched starch-capric acid complex diet. In summary, de-branched starch-capric acid complex exhibited a greater effect on the attenuation of ageing-induced cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: This study might highlight a new approach for intervening in the cognitive impairment during the ageing progress via a food supply. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Amido , Ratos , Animais , Amido/química , Ácidos Graxos , Ácido Oleico/química , Ácidos Decanoicos , Envelhecimento , Disfunção Cognitiva/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Considering that the study on the impact of the long-term consumption of resistant starch on metabolic syndromes induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) is rare, this investigation designed a 36-week consumption of HFD containing three RS levels (LRS, MRS, and HRS) for measuring changes in serum parameters, liver transcriptome, and gut microbiota. Results indicated that all levels of RS in HFD significantly reduced food intakes and body gain, followed by increased leptin and PYY, but did not show dose-dependence. Furthermore, MRS triggered a greater number of enriched pathways than the other RS groups, whereas no enriched pathway was noted in the HRS group. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio can still predict changes in body weight for long-term observation, and isobutyrate was found to be positively related to Blautia. Importantly, a shifted ratio of Ruminococcaceae/Lactobacillaceae quickly occurred in the early stage of 12 weeks for all groups, but the ratio remained constant in HRS rather than in LRS and MRS, which might indicate both similarity and difference in the regulation of the metabolic syndromes among the three RS interventions.