RESUMO
AIM: To compare self-care competencies in the physical, cognitive and emotional and motivational dimensions of patients with diabetes mellitus before and after participation in an educational programme. BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is mainly characterised by a dysfunction of glucose metabolism. The growth of diabetes mellitus as a chronic condition requires continuous management and requires health services to implement care strategies. Diabetes education and self-care competence have been recognised over the last few decades as essential for patients with diabetes mellitus to achieve positive treatment results. DESIGN: A prospective, comparative study was used. METHODS: A total of patients with 43 diabetes mellitus participated in this study, before and after a four-month educational programme on diabetes held in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil in 2009. Data were collected through the Scale to Identify diabetes mellitus Patients' Self-Care Competence [Escala para Identificação da Competência do Portador de diabetes mellitus para o Autocuidado] at two points in time: at the beginning (T1) and at the end (T2) of the programme. Linear mixed effects models were used (p<0·05) in the analysis. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were not found in relation to physical competence in the comparison between T1 and T2. Statistically significant differences were found in the comparison of cognitive and emotional and motivational competencies, respectively, between T1 and T2. CONCLUSION: The scores related to cognitive and emotional and motivational competencies for self-care presented statistically significant differences between T1 and T2. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The educational activities implemented in the educational programme favoured improved cognitive, emotional and motivational competence for the incorporation of positive self-care actions.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/psicologia , Autocuidado , Autoeficácia , Brasil , Humanos , Educação de Pacientes como AssuntoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to correlate blood pressure levels with the consumption of fruit, vegetables and pulses and fruit juice among Brazilian adolescents. BACKGROUND: Scientific evidence has shown a relationship between the regular consumption of vegetables and the prevention of cardiovascular disturbances, such as arterial hypertension, cerebrovascular disease and dyslipidemia. DESIGN: A cross-sectional and correlational study was designed involving a random sample of 794 adolescents from 12 private schools located in a metropolitan area in the north-east of Brazil. METHOD: The subjects responded to a questionnaire structured so as to investigate their regular consumption of fruits, vegetables, pulses and juice. Blood pressure was measured three times, with an interval of one minute between each measurement. The average of the last two measurements was used for the study. The chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's rank correlation were used to investigate the association between blood pressure and the consumption of fruit, vegetables, pulses and juice. RESULTS: Lower values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were identified in adolescents with a consumption of fruit ≥twice daily (p<0·001). In the case of vegetables and pulses, systolic blood pressure was lower among adolescents who consumed more of this type of food (p=0·021). CONCLUSIONS: This study concluded that adolescents who consume more fruit have lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while those who regularly consume vegetables and pulses also had lower levels of systolic pressure. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The results of this study suggest that nurses can develop health education activities in schools to encourage the consumption of fruits, vegetables, pulses and fruit juices, especially among those adolescents who are more likely to develop arterial hypertension.
Assuntos
Bebidas , Pressão Sanguínea , Frutas , Verduras , Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Registros de Dieta , Humanos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Identifying depressive cognitions in Brazilians with diabetes can be important step to prevent the development of clinical depression, which is negatively associated with diabetes self-management. This study focused on the psychometric testing of the Portuguese version of the Depressive Cognition Scale, the Escala Cognitiva de Depressão (ECD), among 82 Brazilian adults with diabetes mellitus. The questionnaire was assessed for internal consistency, homogeneity, and construct validity using factor analysis and convergent validity assessment with the Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory, the Inventário de Depressão Beck (IDB). Cronbach's alpha for the ECD was .88. The homogeneity of the instrument was supported by item-to-total correlations between .30 and .70. Factor extraction generated only one factor with eigenvalues greater than 1, which is consistent with the English version. The ECD's total score had a weak but significant correlation with the IDB's total score (r = .24, p < .05), indicating convergent validity. Evidence for the reliability and construct validity of the ECD was provided by this study. This scale has the potential to become a useful screening tool for depressive cognitions among Brazilians with diabetes.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Complicações do Diabetes/complicações , Avaliação em Enfermagem/métodos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cognição , Transtorno Depressivo/etiologia , Transtorno Depressivo/prevenção & controle , Complicações do Diabetes/epidemiologia , Complicações do Diabetes/psicologia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/normas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação em Enfermagem/normas , Pesquisa em Avaliação de Enfermagem , Pesquisa Metodológica em Enfermagem , Psicometria , TraduçãoRESUMO
There is a great need for researchers to have access to reliable and valid research instruments in their own language to measure a concept of interest or concern. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine semantic equivalency and psychometric properties of the Depressive Cognition Scale (DCS) in a Brazilian sample of diabetics. Back-translation and field testing methodology was used to determine the DCS semantic equivalency and psychometric properties. A convenience sample of 40 bilingual Brazilian adults was used to conduct the field testing of the scale. The findings suggested that the translation of the DCS was adequate and initial estimates of internal consistency and construct validity were adequate for both the DCS and its Portuguese version. Psychometric testing of the Portuguese language version of the DCS in this small sample appears to have sufficient reliability and validity for use in examining depressive cognitions in Brazilian adults. Further psychometric testing of the Portuguese version of the DCS in a larger Portuguese-speaking sample with diabetes is recommended.