RESUMO
Cannabis is a general name for plants of the genus Cannabis. Used as fiber, medicine, drug, for religious, therapeutic, and hedonistic purposes along the millenia, it is mostly known for its psychoactive properties. One of its major constituents, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive substance, among many other biological activities, has shown potential as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug. In this work, three derivatives and an analogue of CBD were synthesized, and cell viability and antiviral activities were evaluated. None of the compounds showed cytotoxicity up to a maximum concentration of 100 µM and, in contrast, displayed a significant antiviral activity, superior to remdesivir and nafamostat mesylate, with IC50 values ranging from 9.4 to 1.9 µM. In order to search for a possible molecular target, the inhibitory activity of the compounds against ACE2 was investigated, with expressive results (IC50 ranging from 3.96 µM to 0.01 µM).
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Canabidiol , Humanos , Canabidiol/farmacologia , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2 , SARS-CoV-2 , Antivirais/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal survival aneuploidy. The increase in DS life expectancy further heightens the risk of dementia, principally early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD risk in DS is higher, considering that this population may also develop metabolic diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemias, and diabetes mellitus. The extra genetic material that characterizes DS causes an imbalance in the genetic dosage, including over-expression of AD's key pathophysiological molecules and the gene expression regulators, the microRNAs (miRNAs). Two miRNAs, chromosome 21-encoded, miR-155, and let-7c, are associated with cognitive impairment and dementia in adults; but, expression dynamics and relationship with clinical variables during the DS's lifespan had remained hitherto unexplored. METHODS: The anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and profile expression of circulating miR-155 and let-7c were analyzed in a population of 52 control and 50 DS subjects divided into the young group (Aged ≤20 years) and the adult group (Aged ≥21 years). RESULTS: The expression changes for miR-155 were not significant; nevertheless, a negative correlation with HDL-Cholesterol concentrations was observed. Notably, let-7c was over-expressed in DS from young and old ages. CONCLUSION: Overall, our results suggest that let-7c plays a role from the early stages of DS's cognitive impairment while overexpression of miR-155 may be related to lipid metabolism changes. Further studies of both miRNAs will shed light on their potential as therapeutic targets to prevent or delay DS's cognitive impairment.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , MicroRNA Circulante , Síndrome de Down , MicroRNAs , Adulto , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 21/genética , Síndrome de Down/genética , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Despite improvements in patient survival and quality of life, long-term renal survival has not changed significantly in the recent decades and nephritis relapses affect over 50% of patients with lupus nephritis. Renal fibrosis affecting the tubulointerstitial compartment is a central determinant of the prognosis of any kidney disease. Notwithstanding this evidence, the current 2003 ISN/RPS classification still focuses on glomerular pathology and does not include a mandatory score with clear subcategories of the tubulointerstitial injury in the biopsy. The pathogenesis, and the morphological and molecular characteristics of this process in patients with lupus nephritis will be considered, together with a discussion about the concepts the clinician needs to efficiently address in this injury during daily practice and in future clinical trials. Both tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis are strongly correlated with poor renal outcomes in lupus nephritis, regardless of the extent of glomerular damage. Therefore, it is essential to develop reliable and noninvasive approaches to predict which patients are most likely to develop CKD so that appropriate interventions can be adopted before ESRD is established. Currently, no ideal method for monitoring kidney fibrosis exists, since repeated renal biopsies are invasive. Promising methods for assessing and monitoring fibrosis non-invasively include imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging or ex vivo confocal microscopy, integrated in computational and digital pathology techniques. Finally, beyond specific immunosuppressive treatment in Lupus Nephritis, identifying and treating cardiovascular risk factors should be a cornerstone of treatment in these patients.
RESUMEN A pesar de las mejoras en la sobrevida de los pacientes y su calidad de vida, la sobrevida renal en el largo plazo no ha cambiado significativamente durante las últimas décadas, y las recidivas nefríticas afectan a más del 50% de los pacientes con nefritis lúpica. La fibrosis renal, que afecta el compartimiento tubulointersticial, es un factor determinante central en el pronóstico de todas las patologías renales. A pesar de la evidencia, la actual clasificación ISN/RPS del 2003 todavía se concentra en la patología glomerular y no incluye un score obligatorio con claras subcategorías de la lesión tubulointersticial en la biopsia. Se hablará de la patogenia y las características morfológicas y moleculares de este proceso en pacientes con nefritis lúpica, así como de los conceptos que el clínico necesita para abordar esta lesión de manera eficiente en su práctica cotidiana y en los estudios clínicos a futuro. Tanto la inflamación tubulointersticial como la fibrosis se relacionan fuertemente con desenlaces renales pobres en la nefritis lúpica, con independencia de la extensión del dañío glomerular. Resulta por lo tanto esencial desarrollar sistemas confiables y no invasivos para predecir cuáles pacientes tendrán mayor probabilidad de desarrollar enfermedad renal crónica, a fin de realizar las intervenciones apropiadas antes de que se establezca la enfermedad renal terminal (ERT). En la actualidad, no existe un método ideal para monitorear la fibrosis renal, dado que las biopsias repetidas son procedimientos invasivos. Algunos de los métodos promisorios para evaluar y monitorear la fibrosis de manera no invasiva son las técnicas de imágenes, tales como la resonancia magnética o la microscopía confocal ex vivo, integradas en técnicas de patología computarizadas y digitales. Finalmente, más allá del tratamiento inmunosupresor específico para la nefritis lúpica, identificar y tratar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular deberá ser uno de los pilares de tratamiento en estos pacientes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Condições Patológicas, Sinais e Sintomas , Processos Patológicos , Fibrose , Nefrite Lúpica , Doenças Urogenitais Femininas , VaricoceleRESUMO
This study identified marine microorganisms from Mexican coasts that had antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which are known worldwide to be food-poisoning agents. Representative specimens of algae, saline sediment, crustaceans and mollusks were collected. Of the 42 tested strains, 15 inhibited these pathogens. Bacillus and Virgibacillus strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The strains with the highest inhibitory activity against S. aureus were PCRS1-07 (B. aerius), BLCG-05 and GUO-01 (B. pumilus). The strains GUHC-04, BLCG-05, GUHC-03 (B. altitudinis) and BLBSe-05 (B. oryzicola) showed higher antimicrobial activity against V. parahaemolyticus. Biofilm production by all strains was moderate, but B. altitudinis produced a stronger biofilm. This is the first study to isolate B. aerius, B. oryzicola, B. safensis, B. boroniphilus, B. altitudinis and V. senegalensis from marine ecosystems in Mexico as well as the first study to report their inhibitory effects against both S. aureus and V. parahaemolyticus. Bioactivity of spent media from the antagonistic strains cultured as biofilm also demonstrated high antimicrobial activity. The active compounds of the antagonists are currently being studied and tested. Marine ecosystems have the highest bacterial diversity associated with invertebrates and seaweed; however, this bacterial diversity has not been well-studied on Mexican coasts.
Assuntos
Bacillus/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Virgibacillus/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Infecciosos , Bacillus/fisiologia , Biofilmes , México , Água do Mar , Alga Marinha/microbiologia , Virgibacillus/fisiologia , Microbiologia da ÁguaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical outcomes and 3-year persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among women in Mexico. METHODS: A prospective study enrolled sexually active women attending primary healthcare clinics in metropolitan Monterrey, Mexico, between June 3 and August 30, 2002. Baseline data were collected and participants underwent HPV screening. Patients with HPV infections were asked to attend a repeat screening appointment after 3 years, when the same screening data were gathered. Descriptive analyses were performed and the prevalence of cervical lesions and viral infections were examined. RESULTS: In total, 1188 patients who underwent initial HPV screening were included. Cervical lesions were detected in 5 (0.4%) patients and 239 (20.1%) patients had HPV infections; 129 (54.0%) of these patients attended 3-year follow-up. Among the 357 HPV serotypes identified, the most prevalent serotypes were HPV-59, HPV-52, HPV-16, and HPV-56, detected 62 (17.4%), 38 (10.6%), 27 (7.6%), and 18 (5.0%) times, respectively. Of the 129 patients attending 3-year follow-up, 104 (80.6%) were clear from HPV infections, 13 (10.1%) patients had persistent HPV infections, and 12 (9.3%) had HPV infections with different HPV types. CONCLUSIONS: The HPV prevalence was 20.1% in the present study; the most prevalent infections were HPV-59, HPV-52, HPV-16, and HPV-56. At 3-year follow-up, 25 (19.4%) patients had HPV infections.
Assuntos
Programas de Rastreamento , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Teste de Papanicolaou , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Sorogrupo , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Esfregaço Vaginal , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The increase in overweight and obese children and adolescents may be linked to increased rates of dyslipidaemia. The aim was to assess the serum lipid profile, the prevalence of dyslipidaemia, and associated risk factors among the North Mexican adolescent population. METHODS: Two hundred and ninety-three subjects (47.8% girls) ages 11 to 16 years took part in the Nuevo León State Survey of Nutrition and Health 2011-2012. According to the 2011 Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents, dyslipidaemia was defined as a presence of ≥1 of the following levels (mg/dL): Total cholesterol ≥200, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40, and triglyceride ≥130. RESULTS: The overall frequency of dyslipidaemia was 48.8% with no differences between sexes. Adolescents with high body mass index were more likely to have at least 1 abnormal lipid level (overweight: odds ratio [OR]: 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-3.77, Pâ<â0.05; obesity: OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.11-4.41, Pâ<â0.05) than those with normal weight. Abdominally subjects with obesity were also more likely to have at least 1 abnormal lipid level (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.35-3.91, Pâ<â0.01) than their leaner counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Half of Mexican adolescents living in the State of Nuevo León have at least 1 abnormal lipid concentration. Low HDL-chol level was the most common dyslipidaemia. Body mass index and abdominal obesity were associated with the prevalence of at least 1 abnormal lipid level.
Assuntos
Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Sobrepeso/complicações , Obesidade Infantil/complicações , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Dislipidemias/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The increase in overweight and obese children may be linked to increased rates of liver damage and dyslipidaemia. This study aimed to explore the associations of liver biomarkers with overweight/obesity and dyslipidaemia in Mexican children. METHODS: The study was a population-based cross-sectional nutritional survey carried out in the State of Nuevo León, Mexico. The study included a 414 subjects aged between 2 and 10 years old (47.8% girls) who took part in the State Survey of Nutrition and Health-Nuevo León 2011/2012. Associations between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT/AST ratio, and major components of serum lipid profile were assessed. RESULTS: Children with high ALT (defined as ≥P75) showed higher prevalence of dyslipidaemia than their counterparts, with high prevalence of high TChol (P = 0.053), non-HDL-chol, TG, and low HDL-chol. Children with an AST/ALT ≥T3 ratio were 0.43-times (95% CI: 0.25-0.74) and 0.27-times (95% CI: 0.17-0.44) low likely to be overweight/obese and to have dyslipidaemia than those with an AST/ALT Assuntos
Dislipidemias/enzimologia
, Fígado/enzimologia
, Alanina Transaminase/metabolismo
, Aspartato Aminotransferases/metabolismo
, Biomarcadores/sangue
, Biomarcadores/metabolismo
, Criança
, Pré-Escolar
, HDL-Colesterol/sangue
, Estudos Transversais
, Dislipidemias/sangue
, Dislipidemias/metabolismo
, Humanos
, Fígado/metabolismo
, México
, Obesidade/enzimologia
, Obesidade/metabolismo
, Sobrepeso/enzimologia
, Sobrepeso/metabolismo
RESUMO
En este ensayo se presentan diversas reflexiones relativas a la articulación de lenguaje, praxis y poder: discurso en la relación médico-paciente. Se muestran de manera concreta los siguientes aspectos:(i) Lenguaje y Sentido Social; (ii) Lenguaje y Praxis; (iii) Lenguaje y Poder; (iv) Lenguaje, Praxis y Poder en la Relación Médico-Paciente; finalizamos con la exposición de las reflexiones producto del proceso de análisis-síntesis aplicado para el examen de los conceptos presentados. Su objetivo es exponer aspectos teóricos fundamentales respecto a la relación Médico-Paciente durante los actos que caracterizan el desarrollo de la terapéutica para la sanación. En concreto, lo referido a la calidad del lenguaje del médico, el cual debe estar dirigido hacia el bien, mediante el adecuado uso de las relaciones de autoridad y poder; el autor considera que el discurso debe modelar, entre otros condicionantes, la dignidad del acto con el fin de erigir una vida buena. Estas ideas están impregnadas por la necesidad del mantenimiento y desarrollo de una atención con humanidad, en la cual se manifieste la importancia de percibir al paciente como humano-integral y no como una sistematización de órganos y sistemas, síntomas y reacciones. La comunicación tiene el poder de lograr que el ser humano tenga conciencia de sí mismo y que pueda ser reconocido por el otro, el médico reconociendo al paciente como ser humano y el paciente en igual forma con el médico, además de los roles que les toca cubrir por efecto de la situación de enfermedad-salud, redundarían en el logro de los altos intereses humanos de la acción médica.
In this essay different reflections on joint language and praxis and power are discussed. The following aspects are considered in concrete terms: (i) Language and Social Sense; (ii) Language and Praxis; (iii) Language and Power; (iv) Language, Praxis and Power in the doctor-patient relationship; I ended with the exposure of the product reflections of the analysis-synthesis process applied for the examination of the concepts presented. Its aim is to present basic theoretical aspects concerning the doctor-patient relationship during the events that characterize the development of therapeutics for healing. In particular, as regards the quality of medical language, which must be directed toward the good, through the proper use of authority and power relations; the author considers that the speech should model, among other conditions, the dignity of the act in order to build a good life. These ideas are impregnated by the need to maintain and develop a care humanely, in which the importance of perceiving the patient as a human-integral and not as a systematization of organs and systems, manifest symptoms and reactions. The communication has the power to make the human being aware of itself and can be recognized by the other, the doctor recognized the patient as a human being and the patient in the same manner with the doctor, in addition to the roles that they cover the effect of disease-health situation, would result in achieving high human interests of medical action.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The increase in overweight and obese children may be linked to increased rates of dyslipidaemia. The aim was to assess the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and associated risk factors among the Northern Mexican child population. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four hundred and fifty-one subjects aged between 2 and 10 (47.5% girls) took part in the Nuevo León State Survey of Nutrition and Health 2011-2012. According to the 2011 Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents, serum lipid levels (mg/dL) were categorized into three subgroups (acceptable, borderline-high/low or high/low) as follows: TChol: acceptable <170, borderline-high 170-199, high ≥200; LDL-chol: acceptable <110, borderline-high 110-129, high ≥130; non-HDL-chol: acceptable <120, borderline-high 120-144, high ≥145; HDL-chol: acceptable >45, borderline-low 40-45, low <40; and TG: acceptable <75, borderline-high 75-99, high ≥100 in ≤9 year-old children, and acceptable <90, borderline-high 90-129, and high ≥130 in 10 year-old children. The overall prevalence of borderline-high + high TG, non-HDL-chol, TChol, and LDL-chol was 63.0%, 44.1%, 43.5%, and 29.9%, respectively. The overall prevalence of borderline-low + low HDL-chol was 46.3%. The overall frequency of dyslipidaemia was 54.3%. Thirteen children (2.9%) had all five symptoms of dyslipidaemia. The most common dyslipidaemia was high TG in combination (26.2%) and in isolation (10.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Half of the children had at least one abnormal lipid concentration. A high TG level was the most frequent dyslipidaemia. Obesity was associated with the occurrence of at least one abnormal lipid level. These findings emphasize the need to pay further attention to the prevention of cardiovascular disease and obesity from an early age.
Assuntos
Dislipidemias/sangue , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dietary habits in the Mexican population have changed dramatically over the last few years, which are reflected in increased overweight and obesity prevalence. The aim was to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated risk factors in Northern Mexican adults aged ≥ 16 years. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study was a population-based cross-sectional nutritional survey carried out in the State of Nuevo León, Mexico. The study included a sub-sample of 1,200 subjects aged 16 and over who took part in the State Survey of Nutrition and Health-Nuevo León 2011/2012. Anthropometric measurements, physical activity, blood pressure and fasting blood tests for biochemical analysis were obtained from all subjects. The prevalence of MetS in Mexican adults aged ≥ 16 years was 54.8%, reaching 73.8% in obese subjects. This prevalence was higher in women (60.4%) than in men (48.9%) and increased with age in both genders. Multivariate analyses showed no evident relation between MetS components and the level of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Obese adults, mainly women, are particularly at risk of developing MetS, with the associated implications for their health. The increasing prevalence of MetS highlights the need for developing strategies for its early detection and prevention.
Assuntos
Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Fasting serum prolactin (PRL) levels in response to metoclopramide (MCP) and lymphocyte cytokine profiles was studied in patients given allografts and their donors. Thirty normoprolactinemic volunteers (12-59 years) were studied: group 1, 10 healthy men; group 2, 8 males and 2 females with various hematologic diseases; and group 3, 3 males and 7 females HLA-identical sibling donors: PRL and cytokines were measured. Four surviving recipients developed acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (+), and six did not. Before transplant Fasting PRL concentrations were higher in 'future' GVHD(+) recipients than in their donors (P < 0.001). The opposite was seen in response to MCP (P = 0.01). Donors had a predominant T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine profile compared with recipients (P ≤ 0.02), and GVHD(+) recipients had a greater tumor necrosis factor (TNF) value than GVHD(-) (P = 0.05). After transplant On days +30 and +100, a mild sustained rise in fasting PRL levels occurred only in GVHD(+) recipients (P ≤ 0.05) simultaneously with a transient rise in Th1 cytokines. GVHD(-) recipients had no changes. Donors with a Th1 cytokine profile might be more prone to induce GVHD in their recipients, and a mild sustained rise in PRL concentrations after transplantation in recipients GVHD(+) might participate in the amelioration of the severity of GVHD.
Assuntos
Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/imunologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Hiperprolactinemia/imunologia , Prolactina/imunologia , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Citocinas/imunologia , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/sangue , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/mortalidade , Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Humanos , Hiperprolactinemia/sangue , Hiperprolactinemia/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prolactina/sangue , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Irmãos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Equilíbrio Th1-Th2 , Doadores de Tecidos , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In 1999, a folic acid campaign for prevention of neural tube defects was started in Nuevo León, México, with the recommendation of taking a 5000 -mcg tablet of folic acid per week. The purpose of this study was to compare the epidemiology of neural tube defects after four years of the campaign. METHODS: Cases of anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele (ICD Q00, Q01, Q05, 10th Ed.) from public and private hospitals were registered by immediate notification, death certificates, and fetal death registries. Comparisons of neural tube defects rates, phenotype distribution of cases, and sex ratios, registered before and after the folic acid campaign, were done using the Student's t Test and Chi square test. RESULTS: There was a 50% reduction in the incidence of anencephaly and spina bifida cases from 93 in 1999 (1.04x1000) to 46 in the year 2003 (0.56x1000) (p<0.001). Spina bifida cases declined up to 70% in 2002 and anencephaly cases up to 50% in 2003. In 1999, overall, the ratio (females: males) was 0.66 with female excess; the sex ratio was similar for anencephaly and spina bifida cases. In the year 2000, female cases showed a significant reduction for both spina bifida and anencephaly (75% and 56% respectively); the sex ratio was 0.57 with a greater male excess for both phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Weekly administration of 5000 mcg of folic acid reduces the incidence of neural tube defects 50%, primarily spina bifida, with a higher reduction of female cases.
Assuntos
Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/epidemiologia , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/prevenção & controle , Complexo Vitamínico B/administração & dosagem , Anencefalia/epidemiologia , Anencefalia/prevenção & controle , Encefalocele/epidemiologia , Encefalocele/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Bem-Estar Materno , México/epidemiologia , Saúde Pública , Disrafismo Espinal/epidemiologia , Disrafismo Espinal/prevenção & controleRESUMO
El hipertiroidismo en la infancia ocurre con una frecuencia relativa del 5 por ciento. La presencia de epilepsia y tirotoxicosis es poco frecuente. De acuerdo a la revisión de la literatura no existen reportes de esta asociación en niños. Descubrimos un paciente de cuatro años de edad con enfermedad de Graves que desarrolló crisis convulsiva tónico-clónica generalizada seguida de estado epiléptico parcial motor en hemicuerpo izquierdo. El EEG mostró actividad epileptiforme y la TC e IRM de cráneo resultaron normales. El EEG se normalizó al controlar el hipertiroidismo. De acuerdo a la revisión de la literatura, este es el primer caso reportado de epilepsia y tirotoxicosis en nuestro país. Se comentan los posibles mecanismos fisiopatológicos de las convulsiones en nuestro paciente con tirotoxicosis