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INTRODUCTION: Sporotrichosis is a chronic infectious mycosis caused by traumatic implantation of Sporothrix spp., which poses a significant challenge to public health because of its zoonotic nature. It affects humans and other animals, particularly cats. This study investigated epidemiological trends and spatial distribution of feline sporotrichosis in Espírito Santo between 2017 and 2022. METHODS: This study collected diagnostic data on sporotrichosis from the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory and Center for Infectious Diseases in Espírito Santo from 2017 to 2022. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA and spatial analyses were performed using ArcGIS software to create maps and identify hotspots. Kernel density estimation and directional mean statistics were applied to visualise the disease concentration and transmission trends. RESULTS: The results showed a significant increase in feline sporotrichosis cases in Espírito Santo from 2017 to 2022, with hotspots identified in urban and densely populated areas. Anchieta, Aracruz and Vila Velha reported the highest numbers of cases. Spatial analysis indicated a spread towards the central and northern coastal regions. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the growing threat of feline sporotrichosis in Espírito Santo, Brazil, particularly in densely populated urban areas. This underscores the urgent need for comprehensive public health strategies that address urbanisation, human-animal interactions and managing stray cat populations. Effective control measures and enhanced surveillance are crucial to mitigate the spread of this zoonotic disease. Importantly, this study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology of sporotrichosis in Brazil and offers a framework for other regions identified as emerging hotspots that face similar challenges.

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of three common hemoparasites (Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina) in cattle from 16 counties in the Campos de Lages region, Santa Catarina state, Brazil, and the factors affecting disease occurrence. The study population consisted of 257 clinically healthy animals from 21 rural farms. Bovine blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture. DNA was extracted from whole blood by the phenol/ chloroform method. Genomic DNA extracted from blood samples was subjected to Multiplex PCR for screening of B. bovis, B. bigemina, and A. marginale using specific primers. Prevalences of A. marginale, B. bigemina, and B. bovis were 27%, 16%, and 29%, respectively. Mixed infection was observed in 17.5% of samples. The most frequent was Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in 6.62% of samples. A. marginale infection rates were statistically correlated with age groups of cattle. The infections detected in the study population were considered to be subclinical, based on the presence pathogen DNA and absence of clinical symptoms. Seasonality of the pathogens resulted in various degrees of infection, related to the age of the animals and the season. The Campos de Lages region is characterized by enzootic instability for these pathogens because of its climatic and geographic features.

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Background: hypertrophic osteopathy is a periosteum disturb characterized by diffuse new bone formation which leads tosignificant thickening and deformity of members. Secondary in nature, it usually follows large pulmonary lesions such asabscesses and neoplasms. Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare and extremely malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. Theycomprise approximately 1% of all domestic animals’ osteosarcomas and develop in the absence of a primary bone lesion.The aim of this paper was to describe a case of hypertrophic osteopathy, involving joints and upper limbs bones includingilium, secondary to a mediastinal chondroblastic osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis.Case: A 10-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog, weighing 9 kg, was presented with painful limbs, lameness, hind limbsswelling and a four-month history of weight loss. Radiographic examination revealed bilateral and asymmetric periostealreactions on diaphyseal and/or epiphyseal areas of all proximal phalanges; metacarpal, metatarsal, carpal and tarsal bones;radius; ulna; tibia; fibula; humerus; femur and right ilium. An increased soft tissue radiopacity was noted on the lateral sideof the right knee joint. Thoracic radiographies and ultrasonography suggested the presence of a 5-cm neoplasm or abscessin the left caudal lung lobe. At necropsy, the lobe showed a firm and solid, oval white mass measuring 5.2 x 2.9 cm. Anothermass was found in the caudal mediastinum, near the diaphragm, with same color and more irregular aspect, measuring 3.3cm of diameter. Intense periosteal new-bone formation was seen in the entire length of the four limbs bones, characterizedby thickening of the bone surface and formation of irregular trabeculae perpendicular to the cortex. Significant swelling andthickening of the joint capsule was noted in the right knee. There was no microbial growth on aerobic or anaerobic culturesfrom the masses samples sent to culture. [...]

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Background: hypertrophic osteopathy is a periosteum disturb characterized by diffuse new bone formation which leads tosignificant thickening and deformity of members. Secondary in nature, it usually follows large pulmonary lesions such asabscesses and neoplasms. Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare and extremely malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. Theycomprise approximately 1% of all domestic animals osteosarcomas and develop in the absence of a primary bone lesion.The aim of this paper was to describe a case of hypertrophic osteopathy, involving joints and upper limbs bones includingilium, secondary to a mediastinal chondroblastic osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis.Case: A 10-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog, weighing 9 kg, was presented with painful limbs, lameness, hind limbsswelling and a four-month history of weight loss. Radiographic examination revealed bilateral and asymmetric periostealreactions on diaphyseal and/or epiphyseal areas of all proximal phalanges; metacarpal, metatarsal, carpal and tarsal bones;radius; ulna; tibia; fibula; humerus; femur and right ilium. An increased soft tissue radiopacity was noted on the lateral sideof the right knee joint. Thoracic radiographies and ultrasonography suggested the presence of a 5-cm neoplasm or abscessin the left caudal lung lobe. At necropsy, the lobe showed a firm and solid, oval white mass measuring 5.2 x 2.9 cm. Anothermass was found in the caudal mediastinum, near the diaphragm, with same color and more irregular aspect, measuring 3.3cm of diameter. Intense periosteal new-bone formation was seen in the entire length of the four limbs bones, characterizedby thickening of the bone surface and formation of irregular trabeculae perpendicular to the cortex. Significant swelling andthickening of the joint capsule was noted in the right knee. There was no microbial growth on aerobic or anaerobic culturesfrom the masses samples sent to culture. [...](AU)

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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a malignant hematopoietic neoplasia, which is rare in adults. Although ocular fundus alterations may be commonly observed in the course of the disease, such alterations are rarely the presenting signs of the disease. Here we describe the case of a patient with painless and progressive loss of visual acuity (right eye, 2/10; left eye, 3/10) developing over two weeks, accompanied by fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. Fundus examination showed bilateral macular serous detachment, which was confirmed by optical coherence tomography. Fluorescein angiography revealed hyperfluorescent pinpoints in the posterior poles. The limits of the macular detachment were revealed in the late phase of the angiogram. The results of blood count analysis triggered a thorough, systematic patient examination. The diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia B (CD10+) was established, and intensive systemic chemotherapy was immediately initiated. One year after the diagnosis, the patient remains in complete remission without any ophthalmologic alterations.

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ABSTRACT Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a malignant hematopoietic neoplasia, which is rare in adults. Although ocular fundus alterations may be commonly observed in the course of the disease, such alterations are rarely the presenting signs of the disease. Here we describe the case of a patient with painless and progressive loss of visual acuity (right eye, 2/10; left eye, 3/10) developing over two weeks, accompanied by fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. Fundus examination showed bilateral macular serous detachment, which was confirmed by optical coherence tomography. Fluorescein angiography revealed hyperfluorescent pinpoints in the posterior poles. The limits of the macular detachment were revealed in the late phase of the angiogram. The results of blood count analysis triggered a thorough, systematic patient examination. The diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia B (CD10+) was established, and intensive systemic chemotherapy was immediately initiated. One year after the diagnosis, the patient remains in complete remission without any ophthalmologic alterations.

RESUMO A leucemia linfoblástica aguda é uma neoplasia maligna das células hematopoiéticas, incomum em adultos. Apesar da maioria dos casos apresentar alterações no fundo ocular no decurso da doença, estas são raramente forma de apresentação da mesma. Descreve-se o caso de uma doente com diminuição progressiva e indolor da acuidade visual (OD 2/10 e OE 3/10), que apresentava concomitantemente febre e adenopatias cervicais, com duas semanas de evolução. À oftalmoscopia apresentava descolamento seroso macular bilateral, confirmado por tomografia de coerência ótica. A angiografia fluoresceínica revelou pequenas lesões hiperfluorescentes tipo pinpoints no polo posterior. Nos tempos médios e tardios do exame adivinham-se os limites da bolsa do descolamento do neuroepitélio. As alterações encontradas no hemograma suscitaram um estudo sistêmico extenso. O diagnóstico de leucemia linfoblástica aguda B (CD10+) foi efetuado, iniciando-se, de imediato, quimioterapia sistêmica intensiva. Um ano após o diagnóstico a doente continua em remissão e sem alterações oftalmológicas de novo.

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Outbreaks of tick-borne disease cases in Santa Catarina, Brazil are known, but the presence of the pathogen DNA has never been determined. In this study, the first survey of Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, and Babesia bovis DNA on blood samples of 33 cattle from an outbreak in Ponte Alta Municipality, Santa Catarina, Brazil, has been carried out. A multiplex PCR detected 54.5% of animals were co-infected with 2 or 3 parasites, while 24.2% were infected with only 1 species. The most prevalent agent was B. bigemina (63.6%) followed by A. marginale (60.6%). This is the first report of tick-borne disease pathogens obtained by DNA analysis in Southern Brazil.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Nenhuma outra doença sexualmente transmissível (DST) tem mostrado frequência tão elevada quanto a infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). É frequente a detecção de mulheres portadoras de danos tubários causados por esse agente, determinando infertilidade permanente e as intervenções cirúrgicas não têm demonstrado sucesso em reparar esses danos. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) se mostrou mais sensível do que a cultura para a identificação de CT, principalmente em cervicite clamidiana nas mulheres. A PCR promove a detecção de sequências específicas de nucleotídeos para a CT. OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de infecções causadas pela CT em mulheres nos estados de São Paulo e Santa Catarina utilizando amostras endocervicais. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS Utilizaram-se para o presente trabalho amostras enviadas pelos laboratórios conveniados ao Genolab, pertencentes aos estados de São Paulo e de Santa Catarina. Foram consultados os resultados dos laudos de exames para CT oriundos do banco de dados do Genolab no ano de 2010. Para a obtenção e o isolamento do ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA), utilizou-se a técnica de fenol-clorofórmio e para a amplificação do material genético, a técnica de PCR. RESULTADOS: Obteve-se uma amostra de 287 indivíduos, e desse total 56,45% das mulheres eram positivas. A amostra que obteve o maior número de positivos foi o swab endocervical, com 75%. CONCLUSÃO: As amostras biológicas provenientes do endocérvix apresentaram detecção eficiente da CT na população feminina. A alta prevalência salienta a importância no emprego do diagnóstico molecular, principalmente por este trabalho apontar esse aspecto.

INTRODUCTION: No other sexually transmitted disease (STD) has been as frequent as Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection. Tubal damage caused by this agent has been frequently detected among women. This infection causes permanent infertility. Furthermore, surgical interventions have not demonstrated success in repairing tubal damage. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has proved to be more sensitive than culture to the identification of CT mainly in women with chlamydial cervicitis.PCR promotes the detection of specific nucleotide sequences in CT. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of infections caused by CT in women in São Paulo and Santa Catarina states by use of endocervical samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study we used samples from laboratories in São Paulo and Santa Catarina states, which are associated with Genolab. CT examination result reports from 2010 obtained from Genolab database were analyzed. The phenol-chloroform protocol was used to obtain and isolate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the (PCR) method was used to amplify genetic material. RESULTS: We obtained a sample of 287 individuals, of which 56.45% were positive. Endocervical swab samples showed the highest positive results (75%). CONCLUSION: Endocervical samples constituted an accurate detection of CT. The high prevalence emphasizes the importance of molecular diagnosis, which is also corroborated by this study.

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Allele frequencies for 15 short tandem repeats (STR) loci were obtained from a sample of 4076 unrelated individuals undergoing paternity testing. The population is from Paraná, Southern Brazil. The loci are the most commonly used in forensic and paternity testing, being analyzed by the AmpFlSTR((R)) Identifiler (Applied Biosystems) commercial kit. The most polymorphic loci were D2S1338 and D18S51. Excepting the D13S317, all loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Comparative analyses between our population data and other populations are presented.

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Studies on linkage disequilibrium (LD) across the genome and populations have been used in recent years with the main objective of improving gene mapping of complex traits. Here, we characterize the patterns of genetic diversity of HLA loci and evaluate LD (D') extent in three genomic regions: Xq13.3, NRY and HLA. In addition, we examine the distribution of DXS1225-DXS8082 haplotype diversity in Azoreans and mainland Portuguese. Allele distribution has demonstrated that the São Miguel population is genetically very diverse; haplotype analysis revealed 100% discriminatory power for X- and Y-markers and 94.3% for HLA markers. Standardized multiallelic D' in these three genomic regions shows values lower than 0.33, thereby suggesting there is no extensive LD in the São Miguel population. Data regarding the distribution of DXS1225-DXS8082 haplotypes indicate that there are no significant differences among all the populations studied, (Azorean geographical groups, the Azores archipelago and mainland Portugal). Moreover, in these as well as in other European populations, the most frequent DXS1225-DXS8082 haplotype is 210-219. Even though São Miguel islanders and Azoreans do not constitute isolated populations and show LD for only very short physical distances, certain characteristics, such as the absence of genetic structure, the same environment and the possibility of constructing extensive pedigrees through church and civil records, offer an opportunity for dissecting the genetic background of complex diseases in these populations.

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Studies on linkage disequilibrium (LD) across the genome and populations have been used in recent years with the main objective of improving gene mapping of complex traits. Here, we characterize the patterns of genetic diversity of HLA loci and evaluate LD (D') extent in three genomic regions: Xq13.3, NRY and HLA. In addition, we examine the distribution of DXS1225-DXS8082 haplotype diversity in Azoreans and mainland Portuguese. Allele distribution has demonstrated that the São Miguel population is genetically very diverse; haplotype analysis revealed 100 percent discriminatory power for X- and Y-markers and 94.3 percent for HLA markers. Standardized multiallelic D' in these three genomic regions shows values lower than 0.33, thereby suggesting there is no extensive LD in the São Miguel population. Data regarding the distribution of DXS1225-DXS8082 haplotypes indicate that there are no significant differences among all the populations studied, (Azorean geographical groups, the Azores archipelago and mainland Portugal). Moreover, in these as well as in other European populations, the most frequent DXS1225-DXS8082 haplotype is 210-219. Even though São Miguel islanders and Azoreans do not constitute isolated populations and show LD for only very short physical distances, certain characteristics, such as the absence of genetic structure, the same environment and the possibility of constructing extensive pedigrees through church and civil records, offer an opportunity for dissecting the genetic background of complex diseases in these populations.

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The authors present a case of non-frequent intra-abdominal pseudotumor form of mansoni schistosomiasis in which the only symptom was a dull pain in hypogastric. Both ultrasonography and tomography (CT san) demonstrated a solid mass on the left side of the bladder. At laparotomy a solid tumor was shown, pediculated and adhered to the sigmoid colon. A schistosomotic pseudotumor was revealed after microscopic pathological examination.