RESUMO
Currently there is a huge concern for food safety, and gradually the society has been much more careful with the choice of food to consume. Moreover; the requirements of international markets are strict when it comes to controlling contaminants in food, which has generated a big concern in exporting producers. To meet these demands, the international and national bodies linked to the WHO (World Health Organization) and MS (Ministry of Health) have established criteria for analysis and maximum permitted levels of contaminants in foods. In this scenario there is the culture of guarana, held so much and basically artisanal held far from large cities. The high humidity of the Amazon region, constant burning and inappropriate storage conditions of the seeds collected in the field can promote the development of factors that generate contamination. In its processing roasting step is that in many cases it is still held by quite rudimentary techniques such as the use of metal or clay pots using charcoal to bum. Through this type of combustion can occur contamination of grain by guarana formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH). (AU)
Atualmente existe uma enorme preocupação com a segurança dos alimentos e, aos poucos, a sociedade tem sido muito mais criteriosa em relação à escolha dos alimentos a consumir. Além disso, as exigências dos mercados internacionais são rigorosas no que tange ao controle de contaminantes nos alimentos, o que tem gerado uma grande preocupação nos produtores exportadores. Para atender essas demandas, os órgãos internacionais e nacionais vinculados a OMS (Organização Mundial de Saúde) e MS (Ministério da Saúde) vêm estabelecendo critérios de análises e limites máximos permitidos de contaminantes em alimentos. Neste cenário destaca-se a cultura do guaraná, produzido de forma muito artesanal e basicamente longe das grandes cidades. A alta umidade da região amazônica, as queimadas constantes e as condições inapropriadas de estocagem das sementes colhidas no campo podem propiciar O desenvolvimento de fatores que gerem a sua contaminação. Em seu processamento existe a etapa de torrefação que em muitos casos, ainda é realizada através de técnicas bastante rudimentares, tais como o uso de tachos de metal ou barro, utilizando o carvão vegetal para queima. Através deste tipo de combustão pode ocorrer a contaminação dos grãos de guaraná por formação de Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos (HPAs). (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Paullinia , Análise de Alimentos , Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Produção de AlimentosRESUMO
Inequalities in health conditions remain even twenty years after the implementation of Unified Health System (SUS). This condition burdens social movements exerting social control on the health care area with a continuous fight. In this struggle, the accumulation of political power is related to an increase in the capacity to acquire knowledge and information. This study aims at fathoming the inequality surrounding the digital inclusion of Health Counselors (HC) of different regions within the country. We have adopted the qualitative survey method, which employs the Focal Groups technique, with HC representing managers, services providers, workers and users, all from national, state and municipal levels. Four aspects were examined, comprising reading and writing habits; Internet utilization; the use of health indicators; and the role of information in the Council-State-Society relation. Results have evidenced the need to broaden the foundations of digital inclusion initiatives in the health care area, and to overcome the cross-sector challenge of linking them to politics and education. By using benchmarks of educational philosophy, we were able to outline a theoretical-analytical matrix as a contribution to understanding the complexity involved in fostering digital inclusion in the health care area.
Assuntos
Aconselhamento , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Disseminação de Informação , Internet , Justiça Social , BrasilRESUMO
Inequalities in health conditions remain even twenty years after the implementation of Unified Health System (SUS). This condition burdens social movements exerting social control on the health care area with a continuous fight. In this struggle, the accumulation of political power is related to an increase in the capacity to acquire knowledge and information. This study aims at fathoming the inequality surrounding the digital inclusion of Health Counselors (HC) of different regions within the country. We have adopted the qualitative survey method, which employs the Focal Groups technique, with HC representing managers, services providers, workers and users, all from national, state and municipal levels. Four aspects were examined, comprising reading and writing habits; Internet utilization; the use of health indicators; and the role of information in the Council-State-Society relation. Results have evidenced the need to broaden the foundations of digital inclusion initiatives in the health care area, and to overcome the cross-sector challenge of linking them to politics and education. By using benchmarks of educational philosophy, we were able to outline a theoretical-analytical matrix as a contribution to understanding the complexity involved in fostering digital inclusion in the health care area.
Após vinte anos do SUS, a desigualdade nas condições de saúde da população permanece como uma realidade, impondo aos movimentos sociais que exercem o controle social sobre a saúde uma contínua luta. Nesse embate, o acúmulo de força política está relacionado ao aumento da capacidade de apropriação de conhecimento e informação. Conhecer dimensões da desigualdade na inclusão digital de conselheiros de saúde (CS) de diferentes regiões do país é o objetivo desse trabalho. O método adotado foi a pesquisa qualitativa, por meio da técnica de grupos focais com CS representantes dos gestores, dos prestadores, dos trabalhadores e dos usuários, atuantes na esfera nacional, estadual ou municipal. Foram trabalhadas quatro dimensões, abrangendo: o hábito de leitura e de redigir textos; o uso da Internet; o uso de indicadores de saúde e o papel da informação na relação Conselho-Estado-Sociedade. Os resultados indicaram a necessidade de se ampliar a fundamentação das ações de inclusão digital em saúde, articulando-a, então, à política e à educação, enquanto desafio intersetorial. Utilizando referenciais da filosofia da educação, delineia-se matriz teórico-analítica como contribuição ao entendimento da complexidade que envolve promover a inclusão digital na Saúde.
Assuntos
Conselhos de Saúde , Acesso à Informação , Conselheiros , Internet , Tecnologia da Informação , Brasil , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Sistema Único de SaúdeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expression of the glycodelin gene to better understand the molecular environment of endometriotic lesions and to elucidate the potential mechanisms that underlie the complex physiopathology of endometriosis. DESIGN: Prospective laboratory study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENT(S): Eleven healthy fertile women and 17 patients with endometriosis in the early proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. INTERVENTION(S): Endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained from the endometrium of healthy women without endometriosis (controls) and from eutopic and ectopic endometrium tissues (pelvic and ovarian endometriotic implants) of endometriosis patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The glycodelin relative expression level by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. RESULT(S): The glycodelin down-regulation found in the endometriotic lesions was 332.26 and 123.17-fold lower, respectively, when compared with the eutopic tissue and the control endometrium. CONCLUSION(S): Glycodelin may be one of the molecules that contributes to the loss of cellular homeostasis in endometriotic lesions.
Assuntos
Coristoma/metabolismo , Endometriose/metabolismo , Endométrio/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/genética , Proteínas da Gravidez/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Glicodelina , Humanos , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
This paper presents the findings of research aimed at identifying and analyzing the argumentation and rationale that justify the satisfaction of consumers with their health plans. The qualitative method applied used the focus group technique, for which the following aspects were defined: the criteria for choosing the health plans which were considered, the composition of the group and its distribution, recruitment strategy, and infrastructure and dynamics of the meetings. The health plan beneficiaries were classified into groups according to their social class, the place where they lived, mainly, the relationship that they established with the health plan operators which enabled us to develop a typology for the plan beneficiaries. Initially, we indicated how the health plan beneficiaries assess and use the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), and, then, considering the types of plans defined, we evaluated their degree of satisfaction with the different aspects of health care, and identified which aspects mostly contributed explain their satisfaction.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Consumidor , Planejamento em Saúde , Hospitais/normas , BrasilRESUMO
Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa que tem por objetivo identificar e analisar os argumentos e raciocínios que justificam a satisfação dos beneficiários com os planos. A metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa utilizada no estudo se baseia na técnica de discussão em grupo (focus group) para cuja realização foram definidos: os critérios para a escolha dos planos analisados pelos grupos de discussão, a definição da distribuição e da composição dos grupos, a técnica de recrutamento, a infra-estrutura e a dinâmica dos encontros. Os beneficiários podem ser classificados em grupos de acordo com a classe social que pertencem, o local de moradia e, principalmente, a relação que estabelecem com a administração do plano, o que nos possibilitou elaborar uma tipologia de beneficiários dos planos. Inicialmente, apresentamos como os beneficiários vêem e utilizam o SUS e, a partir dos tipos de planos, foi possível avaliarmos a satisfação dos beneficiários com os diversos aspectos do serviço de saúde e identificar que aspectos mais contribuem para a satisfação dos usuários.
This paper presents the findings of research aimed at identifying and analyzing the argumentation and rationale that justify the satisfaction of consumers with their health plans. The qualitative method applied used the focus group technique, for which the following aspects were defined: the criteria for choosing the health plans which were considered, the composition of the group and its distribution, recruitment strategy, and infrastructure and dynamics of the meetings. The health plan beneficiaries were classified into groups according to their social class, the place where they lived, mainly, the relationship that they established with the health plan operators which enabled us to develop a typology for the plan beneficiaries. Initially, we indicated how the health plan beneficiaries assess and use the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), and, then, considering the types of plans defined, we evaluated their degree of satisfaction with the different aspects of health care, and identified which aspects mostly contributed explain their satisfaction.
Assuntos
Hospitais Filantrópicos , Planos de Pré-Pagamento em Saúde , Satisfação do Paciente , Sistema Único de SaúdeRESUMO
Objetivo: avaliar o impacto das alterações fonoarticulatórias em disartrofônicos, por meio da aplicação do protocolo de qualidade de vida e voz (QVV). Métodos: avaliaram-se 36 indivíduos, sendo 17 do grupo estudo (GE) e 19 do grupo controle (GC). A idade da amostra variou de 18 a 78 anos, e foi composta por ambos os gêneros. O GE foi composto por pacientes da Associação de Assistência à Criança Deficiente (AACD). O GC constituiu-se de: terapeutas, voluntários e parentes de funcionários da AACD. Resultados: todos os escores foram menores no GE. Conclusão: a disartrofonia causa um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida, sendo o aspecto físico mais afetado
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos da Articulação , Lesões Encefálicas , Disartria , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , FonoterapiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Genetic biomarkers of head and neck tumors could be useful for distinguishing among patients with similar clinical and histopathologic characteristics but having differential probabilities of survival. The purpose of this study was to investigate chromosomal alterations in head and neck carcinomas and to correlate the results with clinical and epidemiologic variables. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Cytogenetic analysis of short-term cultures from 64 primary untreated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas was used to determine the overall pattern of chromosome aberrations. A representative subset of tumors was analyzed in detail by spectral karyotyping and/or confirmatory fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. RESULTS: Recurrent losses of chromosomes Y (26 cases) and 19 (14 cases), and gains of chromosomes 22 (23 cases), 8 and 20 (11 cases each) were observed. The most frequent structural aberration was del(22)(q13.1) followed by rearrangements involving 6q and 12p. The presence of specific cytogenetic aberrations was found to correlate significantly with an unfavorable outcome. There was a significant association between survival and gains in chromosomes 10 (P = 0.008) and 20 (P = 0.002) and losses of chromosomes 15 (P = 0.005) and 22 (P = 0.021). Univariate analysis indicated that acquisition of monosomy 17 was a significant (P = 0.0012) factor for patients with a previous family history of cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The significant associations found in this study emphasize that alterations of distinct regions of the genome may be genetic biomarkers for a poor prognosis. Losses of chromosomes 17 and 22 can be associated with a family history of cancer.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Cariotipagem Espectral , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidade , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Citogenética , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/mortalidade , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Monossomia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Gains or amplifications involving chromosome arm 8q are one of the most recurrent chromosomal alterations in head and neck tumors. To characterize previously reported gains, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the sequences BAC RP1179E1 and 8-centromere PMJ 128 as probes. Gains and/or amplifications were detected in all 19 cases evaluated by FISH. The FISH analysis, but not G-banding, revealed homogeneously staining region in three cases. We conclude that gains of one or more genes on chromosome arm 8q may be important for the early stages of head and neck carcinomas.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Cromossomos Humanos Par 8 , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Feminino , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Head and neck carcinomas represent the sixth most frequent type of cancer in the world, and 90 percent are derived from squamous cells (HNSCC). In this study of 15 HNSCC cases, extensive aneuploidy was detected by G banding in most tumors. The most frequently observed numerical changes involved gain of a chromosome 22, and loss of chromosomes Y, 10, 17, and 19. The most frequent structural alteration was del(22)(q13.1). As compared to G-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) proved to be an effective technique for detecting aneuploidy. Interphase FISH with a chromosome 17 centromere probe disclosed a high frequency of monosomy for chromosome 17, in contrast with G-banding, by which clonal monosomy 17 was detected in only three of the tumors. Painting probes for chromosomes 5 and 16 were used to evaluate a selected series of HNSCC in which G-banding analysis had shown marker chromosomes. FISH analysis failed to confirm the origin of the marker chromosomes, but four out of five cases showed a significant loss of chromosomes 5. This difference between FISH and G-banding results may reflect the smaller number of metaphase analyzed as well as the criteria adopted for sorting these metaphases. Therefore results obtained solely by G-banding analysis should be considered with caution. Our data confirmed the involvement of chromosome 17 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Assuntos
Humanos , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Cromossomos Humanos Par 17 , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Análise CitogenéticaRESUMO
O presente artigo tem como finalidade conhecer a psicopedagogia clínica com o objetivo de compreender a prática terapêutica. Para isso, buscamos informações através de entrevistas com psicopedagogos clínicos, nas cidades de Passo Fundo e Santa Cruz do Sul, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, para obter material para pesquisa e posterior análise. Apresentamos no referido artigo, análise qualitativa dos coletados com os psicopedagogos clínicos e de uma prática psicopedagógica institucional. Através das entrevistas com psicopedagogos clínicos e da prática institucional, pudemos perceber a resistência de educadores em não deixar transparecer suas práticas, bem como a falta de encaminhamento adequado ao profissional competente dos alunos com problema. Constatamos, também o quão é importante o psicopedagogo clínico estar sempre em contato com a escola para uma possível minimização do fracasso escolar(AU)