RESUMO
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most frequent and aggressive brain tumors. 17ß-estradiol (E2) increases proliferation, migration, and invasion of human GBM cells; however underlying mechanisms are no fully understood. Zeste 2 Enhancer Homologous enzyme (EZH2) is a methyltransferase part of Polycomb 2 repressor complex (PRC2). In GBM, EZH2 is overexpressed and involved in the cell cycle, migration, and invasion processes. We studied the role of EZH2 in the pro-oncogenic actions of E2 in human GBM cells. EZH2 gene silencing and pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 blocked proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells induced by E2. We identified in silico additional putative estrogen response elements (EREs) at the EZH2 promoter, but E2 did not modify EZH2 expression. In silico analysis also revealed that among human GBM samples, EZH2 expression was homogeneous; in contrast, the heterogeneous expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) allowed the classification of the samples into groups. Even in the GBM cluster with high expression of ERs and those of their target genes, the expression of PCR2 target genes did not change. Overall, our data suggest that in GBM cells, pro-oncogenic actions of E2 are mediated by EZH2, without changes in EZH2 expression and by mechanisms that appear to be unrelated to the transcriptional activity of ERs.
Assuntos
Proteína Potenciadora do Homólogo 2 de Zeste , Glioblastoma , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células , Proteína Potenciadora do Homólogo 2 de Zeste/genética , Proteína Potenciadora do Homólogo 2 de Zeste/metabolismo , Estradiol/farmacologia , Glioblastoma/genética , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/patologia , HumanosRESUMO
The ability to form biofilms and the potential immunomodulatory properties of the human gastric isolate Lactobacillus rhamnosus UCO-25A were characterized in vitro. It was demonstrated that L. rhamnosus UCO-25A is able to form biofilms on abiotic and cell surfaces, and to modulate the inflammatory response triggered by Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric epithelial cells and THP-1 macrophages. L. rhamnosus UCO-25A exhibited a substantial anti-inflammatory effect in both cell lines and improved IL-10 levels produced by challenged macrophages. Additionally, UCO-25A protected AGS cells against H. pylori infection with a higher pathogen inhibition when a biofilm was formed. Given the importance of inflammation in H. pylori-mediated diseases, the differential modulation of the inflammatory response in the gastric mucosa by an autochthonous strain is an attractive alternative for improving H. pylori eradication and reducing the severity of the diseases that arise from the resulting chronic inflammation.
Assuntos
Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Células Epiteliais/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Probióticos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular , Citocinas/biossíntese , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/imunologia , Mucosa Gástrica/imunologia , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/isolamento & purificação , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Late-stage breast cancer detection should be something of the past; however, it is still all too common in low-resource areas, including Peru, where 57% of women diagnosed with cancer are diagnosed at stage III or IV disease. Early detection of breast cancer is feasible in low-resource semirural and rural areas where mammography is rarely accessible. METHODS: PATH collaborated with Peruvian health institutions at local, regional, and national levels to design and implement a model of care for the early detection of breast cancer in Peru. The model includes training health promoters for community outreach, professional midwives in clinical breast exam, doctors to perform fine-needle aspiration biopsy sampling with ultrasound to triage, and patient navigators to ensure patients follow through with treatment. RESULTS: In a northern region of Peru, 400 individuals, including health promoters, midwives, doctors, and volunteers, received early-detection training in two phases. In Peru, local health professionals continue to refine and improve methods and materials using locally available resources, and the Peruvian health information system now includes specific breast cancer detection categories. Despite challenges and limited resources, the model is effective, and partnership with government health administrations improves health systems and benefits the population. CONCLUSION: Given the absence of screening mammography, the public health challenge is to bring breast cancer early detection and diagnostic services closer to women's homes and to ensure appropriate follow-up and care. The model is eminently transferable with appropriate adaptation and should now be tested in other settings within and outside of Peru.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Feminino , Recursos em Saúde , Humanos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Peru , Projetos Piloto , TriagemRESUMO
IMPORTANCE: Mammographic screening is impractical in most of the world where breast cancers are first identified based on clinical signs and symptoms. Clinical breast examination may improve early diagnosis directly by finding breast cancers at earlier stages or indirectly by heightening women's awareness of breast health concerns. OBJECTIVE: To investigate factors that influence time to presentation and stage at diagnosis among patients with breast cancer to determine whether history of previous clinical breast examination is associated with earlier presentation and/or earlier cancer stage at diagnosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this cross-sectional analysis of individual patient interviews using a validated Breast Cancer Delay Questionnaire, 113 (71.1%) of 159 women with breast cancer treated at a federally funded tertiary care referral cancer center in Trujillo, Peru, from February 1 through May 31, 2015, were studied. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Method of breast cancer detection and factors that influence time to and stage at diagnosis. RESULTS: Of 113 women with diagnosed cancer (mean [SD] age, 54 [10.8] years; age range, 32-82 years), 105 (92.9%) had self-detected disease. Of the 93 women for whom stage was documented, 45 (48.4%) were diagnosed with early-stage disease (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] stage 0, I, or II), and 48 (51.6%) were diagnosed with late-stage disease (AJCC stage III or IV). Mean (SD) total delay from symptom onset to initiation of treatment was 407 (665) days because of patient (mean [SD], 198 [449] days) and health care system (mean [SD], 241 [556] days) delay. Fifty-two women (46.0%) had a history of clinical breast examination, and 23 (20.4%) had undergone previous mammography. Women who underwent a previous clinical breast examination were more likely to have shorter delays from symptom development to presentation compared with women who had never undergone a previous clinical breast examination (odds ratio, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.30-6.60; P = .01). Women diagnosed with shorter patient delay were more likely to be diagnosed with early-stage disease (AJCC stage 0, I, or II) than those with longer patient delay (31 [58.5%] vs 11 [30.6%], P = .01). Women who underwent a previous clinical breast examination were more likely to be diagnosed with early-stage disease compared with women who had never undergone previous clinical breast examination; this relationship remained significant after controlling for insurance and household income (odds ratio, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.01-5.95; P = .048). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In a population in which most breast cancers are self-detected, previous clinical breast examination was associated with shorter patient delay and earlier stage at breast cancer diagnosis. In regions of the world that lack mammographic screening, the routine use of clinical breast examination may provide a resource-appropriate strategy for improving breast cancer early diagnosis.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Autoexame de Mama , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Estudos Transversais , Diagnóstico Tardio , Feminino , Hospitais Públicos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Razão de Chances , Peru , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Tempo para o TratamentoRESUMO
La presente investigación pretende exponer la evolución del deterioro de las capacidades físicas de la población adulta mayor y como ésta es impactada por el avance de la edad. Se ha tomado como fuente de datos el Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2007 habiendo llegado a resultados que permiten explicar funcionalmente como se produce este deterioro funcional del adulto mayor. Que este proceso no es diferenciable por sexo ni por ámbito de residencia. Se alcanzan recomendaciones para la formulación de políticas regionales a favor del adulto mayor.
The present investigation seeks to expose the evolution of the deterioration of the biggest mature population's physical capacities and i eat this is impacted by the advance of the age. He/she has taken as source of data Population's National Census and Housing 2007 having arrived to results that they allow to explain functionally like the biggest adult's functional deterioration takes place. That this process is not diferenciable for sex neither for residence environment. Recommendations are reached for the formulation of political regional in favor of the biggest adult.
Assuntos
Humanos , Envelhecimento , Idoso , Pessoas com DeficiênciaRESUMO
ANTECEDENTES: Las investigaciones sobre la precisión y la reproducibilidad en la ubicación de puntos, ángulos y medidas cefalométricas muestran que varían considerablemente en cuanto a la localización. OBJETIVO: analizar el error de reproducibilidad en los trazos cefalométricos obtenidos en forma manual y computarizada. MÉTODO: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de diseño observacional analítico. Se seleccionaron 10 radiografías de perfil, tomadas a pacientes mayores de 15 años, con buena nitidez y resolución de la imagen, y se excluyeron aquellas que presentaban distorsión del tamaño, de la forma de la imagen y donde no había contacto oclusal. Sobre éstas se realizó el cálculo, ubicando los puntos cefalométricos, empleando el análisis de Steiner; para el trazado manual, se tomaron 5 fotocopias donde se realizaron las medidas angulares y lineales. Para el trazo computarizado, se utilizó el programa Span-6 que se realizó 5 veces. Se aplicaron las pruebas estadísticas para error de reproducibilidad de DÁhlberg, y el coeficiente de correlación para comparar los dos métodos. RESULTADOS: en la técnica manual, en lo que respecta a las medidas angulares, el error fue < 0,5520, y en las medidas lineales error fue < 0,1220, excepto para I-I: NB que fue de 1.732 mm. En la técnica computarizada, el error de reproducibilidad fue <1.80, siendo mayor en Go-Gn:SN. CONCLUSIONES: el método computarizado presentó mayor error de reproducibilidad en la mayoría de las medidas, excepto para la medida angular y lineal de I-I: NB.
Assuntos
Ortodontia , Cefalometria , ColômbiaRESUMO
Objetivo. Estandarizar un medio de cultivo utilizando la infusión de espárrago (Asparagus officinalis) para la producción masiva de bacillus thurningiensis (Bti) H-14 bvar. israelensis y determinar el efecto biolarvicida del Bti sobre Anopheles sp en criaderos naturales del distrito Laredo durante los meses de enero a diciembre del 2000. Materiales y métodos: Se ensayaron 3 medios a base de infusión de espárragos blanco: M1: 100 mL de la infusión, pH 9; M2: 50 mL de la infusión con 50 mL de buffer fosfato, pH 7; y M3: 25 mL de la infusión con 75 mL de agua destilada, pH 9. Como control se utilizó biolarvicidad a través del LC50 y LC90. El medio de cultivo óptimo (menor LC50 y LC90) sirvió para la producción masiva del Bti, el cual se sometió a bioensayo de laboratorio y aplicaciones en criaderos naturales. La efectividad fue determinada mediante la densidad larvaria pre y post aplicación del Bti. Resultados: El medio de cultivo óptimo para la producción de Bti fue M1, mostrando alta efectividad, con 100 por ciento de mortalidad en condiciones de laboratorio y 71-97 por ciento de mortalidad en el campo a las 24 horas de exposición con 3 aplicaciones realizadas semanalmente. Conclusiones: M1 es el medio óptimo para cultivar Bti, con alta efectividad para controlar larvas de Anopheles en el laboratorio y en el campo.
Objective: To standardize a culture medium using asparagus infusion (Asparagus officinalis) for the massive production of Bacillus thurigiensis (Bti) H-14 var. israelensis and to determine Bti bio-larvicide effect upon Anopheles sp. in natural breeding sites in Laredo district from January to December, 2000. Materials and methods: Three media based on white asparagus infusion were tested: M1: 100-mL infusion, pH: 9; M 2: 50-mL infusion plus 50-mL buffer phosphate, pH: 7, and M 3: 25-mL infusion plus 75-mL distilled water, pH: 9. The standard TPH medium was used as a control. Bti production in the different culture media was assessed in order to determine the bio-larvicide effectiveness using LC50 and LC90 The optimum culture medium (lower values for LC 50 and LC90) served for Bti production, and it was evaluated in laboratory and natural breeding sites. Effectiveness was determined measuring larval density prior and after Bti application. Results: The optimum medium for Bti production was M,. It showed high effectiveness, with 100% mortality under laboratory conditions, and 71-97% mortality in the field after 24 hours of exposition with three weekly applications. Conclusions: M1 is the optimum medium for culturing Bti, with high effectiveness for controlling Anopheles larvae both under laboratory and field conditions.