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ABSTRACT Background: Parasacral Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PTENS) is a treatment used in enuresis refractory to first-line treatment. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PTENS in treating monosymptomatic enuresis (MNE) in children and adolescents. Methods: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was carried out in the following databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, SCOPUS, Central Cochrane Library and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). The selected studies were randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The "Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials" and the "Risk of Bias VISualization" were used to analyze the risk of bias. Results: Of the 624 studies selected, four RCTs were eligible. Three included 146 children and adolescents aged between six and 16.3 years and used similar PTENS protocols with a frequency of 10 Hz, pulse duration of 700 µs and 20 minutes three times/week. One study enrolled 52 patients aged seven to 14 years used PTENS at home, with a pulse duration of 200 µs and 20 to 60 minutes twice/day. Risk of bias was observed in three studies due to results' randomization and measurement. Two studies showed a partial response with a reduction in wet nights, one a complete response in 27% of patients, and one showed no improvement. Conclusion: PTENS reduces wet nights' frequency but does not cure them, except in 27% of patients in one study. Limited RCTs and data heterogeneity are limitations.

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Abstract Objective: Enuresis is associated with attentional and emotional comorbidities in 20 to 30 % of cases. The Short Screening Instrument for Psychological Problems in Enuresis (SSIPPE) is a questionnaire that allows the initial screening of these comorbidities. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the SSIPPE for Brazilian children and adolescents (SSIPPE-Br). Methods: Six steps were performed for translation and cross-cultural adaptation: translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, preparation of the pre-final version of the translated instrument, test of comprehensibility of the pre-final version of the tool, and elaboration of the instrument cross-culturally adapted for Brazil, named 13-itens version SSIPPE-Br. To validate the SSIPPE-Br, a cross-sectional study was carried out, in which the validated Brazilian version of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) was used. Results: Validation was performed on 127 children and adolescents with a mean age of 9.7 ± 2.8 years, 48 % male. The reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha, ranging from 0.86 to 0.89, indicating good internal consistency. The factorial analysis had a good agreement adjustment (KMO 0.755, Bartlett's test < 0.001) and explained 70.5 % of the data variability. In the reproducibility analysis, the Kappa coefficient ranged from 0.94 to 1, which can be considered almost perfect. A highly significant (p-value < 0.001) and direct correlation existed between the three SSIPPE-Br domains and all evaluated CABI domains. Conclusion: The SSIPPE-Br is a valid and reliable tool for emotional problems screening and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents with enuresis whose first language is Brazilian Portuguese.

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BACKGROUND: Parasacral Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PTENS) is a treatment used in enuresis refractory to first-line treatment. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PTENS in treating monosymptomatic enuresis (MNE) in children and adolescents. METHODS: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was carried out in the following databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, SCOPUS, Central Cochrane Library and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). The selected studies were randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The "Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials" and the "Risk of Bias VISualization" were used to analyze the risk of bias. RESULTS: Of the 624 studies selected, four RCTs were eligible. Three included 146 children and adolescents aged between six and 16.3 years and used similar PTENS protocols with a frequency of 10 Hz, pulse duration of 700 µs and 20 minutes three times/week. One study enrolled 52 patients aged seven to 14 years used PTENS at home, with a pulse duration of 200 µs and 20 to 60 minutes twice/day. Risk of bias was observed in three studies due to results' randomization and measurement. Two studies showed a partial response with a reduction in wet nights, one a complete response in 27% of patients, and one showed no improvement. CONCLUSION: PTENS reduces wet nights' frequency but does not cure them, except in 27% of patients in one study. Limited RCTs and data heterogeneity are limitations.

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OBJECTIVE: Enuresis is associated with attentional and emotional comorbidities in 20 to 30 % of cases. The Short Screening Instrument for Psychological Problems in Enuresis (SSIPPE) is a questionnaire that allows the initial screening of these comorbidities. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the SSIPPE for Brazilian children and adolescents (SSIPPE-Br). METHODS: Six steps were performed for translation and cross-cultural adaptation: translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, preparation of the pre-final version of the translated instrument, test of comprehensibility of the pre-final version of the tool, and elaboration of the instrument cross-culturally adapted for Brazil, named 13-itens version SSIPPE-Br. To validate the SSIPPE-Br, a cross-sectional study was carried out, in which the validated Brazilian version of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) was used. RESULTS: Validation was performed on 127 children and adolescents with a mean age of 9.7 ± 2.8 years, 48 % male. The reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha, ranging from 0.86 to 0.89, indicating good internal consistency. The factorial analysis had a good agreement adjustment (KMO 0.755, Bartlett's test < 0.001) and explained 70.5 % of the data variability. In the reproducibility analysis, the Kappa coefficient ranged from 0.94 to 1, which can be considered almost perfect. A highly significant (p-value < 0.001) and direct correlation existed between the three SSIPPE-Br domains and all evaluated CABI domains. CONCLUSION: The SSIPPE-Br is a valid and reliable tool for emotional problems screening and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents with enuresis whose first language is Brazilian Portuguese.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic and static ultrasound (DSUS) in detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scarring in a cohort of children with neurogenic bladder (NB). Materials and Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted using the Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies guideline. The DSUS (index test) data were compared with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and renal scintigraphy 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic (reference tests). Overall performance for predicting VUR and renal scarring was assessed using renal pelvic diameter (RPD)/distal ureteral diameter and renal parenchymal thinning on DSUS, respectively. Results: A total of 107 patients (66 girls, median age 9.6 years) participated. Seventeen patients (15.9%) presented VUR, eight bilateral. For overall reflux grade, the AUC was 0.624 for RPD and 0.630 for distal ureteral diameter. The diagnostic performance for detecting high-grade VUR was slightly better for DSUS parameters. The AUC was 0.666 for RPD and 0.691 for distal ureteral diameter. The cut-offs of 5 mm for RPD and 6.5 mm for distal ureteral diameter presented the best diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) to identify high-grade VUR. The increase of RPD during detrusor contractions showed an accuracy of 89.2%. The thinness of renal parenchyma presented an accuracy of 88% for renal scarring. Conclusion: DSUS predicts VUR and renal scarring in children with NB with fair to good accuracy, and all measurements exhibited a high negative predictive value (NPV). The increase in RPD during voiding or detrusor contractions proved to be the most accurate parameter for indicating the presence of VUR in this study.

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PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic and static ultrasound (DSUS) in detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scarring in a cohort of children with neurogenic bladder (NB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted using the Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies guideline. The DSUS (index test) data were compared with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and renal scintigraphy 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic (reference tests). Overall performance for predicting VUR and renal scarring was assessed using renal pelvic diameter (RPD)/distal ureteral diameter and renal parenchymal thinning on DSUS, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 107 patients (66 girls, median age 9.6 years) participated. Seventeen patients (15.9%) presented VUR, eight bilateral. For overall reflux grade, the AUC was 0.624 for RPD and 0.630 for distal ureteral diameter. The diagnostic performance for detecting high-grade VUR was slightly better for DSUS parameters. The AUC was 0.666 for RPD and 0.691 for distal ureteral diameter. The cut-offs of 5 mm for RPD and 6.5 mm for distal ureteral diameter presented the best diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) to identify high-grade VUR. The increase of RPD during detrusor contractions showed an accuracy of 89.2%. The thinness of renal parenchyma presented an accuracy of 88% for renal scarring. CONCLUSION: DSUS predicts VUR and renal scarring in children with NB with fair to good accuracy, and all measurements exhibited a high negative predictive value (NPV). The increase in RPD during voiding or detrusor contractions proved to be the most accurate parameter for indicating the presence of VUR in this study.

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ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to translate, and perform a cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Vancouver Symptom Score (VSS) for bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) for Brazilian children and adolescents Materials and Methods: Six steps were performed for the translation and cross-cultural adaptation: (1) translation, (2) synthesis of translations, (3) back-translation, (4) pre-final version of the translated instrument, (5) pilot test and degree of comprehensibility and (6) elaboration of the Brazilian version of the VSS. For validation, the Brazilian Dysfunctional Voiding Score (DVSS) questionnaire was used. Results: Validation was performed on a sample of 107 children and adolescents with a mean age of 9.2 ± 2.84 years, presenting BBD and 107 without BBD (control group-CG). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.91, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.93, p < 0.0001) between total VSS score and total DVSS score. VSS was higher in patients with BBD (p < 0.0001). The internal consistency estimated by Cronbach's alpha was 0.87 for patients with BBD. The VSS showed excellent diagnostic accuracy in detecting cases, with an area under the ROC curve of 98% (95% CI 0.96 to 0.99, p < 0.001). A cut-off value of >11 points produced a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 96.4% to 100%) and a specificity of 91.8% (95% CI 85.1% to 95.6%). Conclusion: The translated, cross-culturally adapted, and validated VSS for the Brazilian population is a reliable and valid tool to identify symptoms of BBD in children and adolescents aged five to 16 years, whose first language is Brazilian Portuguese.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to translate, and perform a cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Vancouver Symptom Score (VSS) for bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) for Brazilian children and adolescents Materials and Methods: Six steps were performed for the translation and cross-cultural adaptation: (1) translation, (2) synthesis of translations, (3) back-translation, (4) pre-final version of the translated instrument, (5) pilot test and degree of comprehensibility and (6) elaboration of the Brazilian version of the VSS. For validation, the Brazilian Dysfunctional Voiding Score (DVSS) questionnaire was used. RESULTS: Validation was performed on a sample of 107 children and adolescents with a mean age of 9.2 ± 2.84 years, presenting BBD and 107 without BBD (control group-CG). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.91, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.93, p < 0.0001) between total VSS score and total DVSS score. VSS was higher in patients with BBD (p < 0.0001). The internal consistency estimated by Cronbach's alpha was 0.87 for patients with BBD. The VSS showed excellent diagnostic accuracy in detecting cases, with an area under the ROC curve of 98% (95% CI 0.96 to 0.99, p < 0.001). A cut-off value of >11 points produced a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 96.4% to 100%) and a specificity of 91.8% (95% CI 85.1% to 95.6%). CONCLUSION: The translated, cross-culturally adapted, and validated VSS for the Brazilian population is a reliable and valid tool to identify symptoms of BBD in children and adolescents aged five to 16 years, whose first language is Brazilian Portuguese.

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BACKGROUND: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a multifactorial and complex condition. One less understood factor in its pathophysiology is the enuretic inability to wake up when the bladder is full (impaired arousal). OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep and NE in children and adolescents. METHODS: A systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines, and the electronic databases MEDLINE (via PubMed) and SCOPUS were searched until March 2022. Eligibility criteria were studies that recruited patients aged five-17 years with a diagnosis of NE according to the International Child Continence Society (ICCS), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5), or International Classification Criteria of Sleep Disorders-Third edition (ICSD-3) who had their sleep assessed using validated questionnaires and/or polysomnography. The tool used to analyze the risk of bias in the included studies was the risk of bias in non-randomized studies of exposure. RESULTS: Of 1582 citations screened, nine were included, giving 1685 participants, 581 with NE. All studies were observational and half had a low risk of bias. Four studies evaluated sleep by questionnaires only; two used questionnaires and polysomnography; two used only polysomnography, and one used sleep logs and actigraphy. Sleep questionnaires showed that children with enuresis had more sleep problems than controls, especially parasomnias, breathing disorders, and daytime sleepiness. Among the polysomnography parameters, the sleep stage architecture and periodic limb movements during sleep had conflicting data between the two studies. LIMITATIONS: The studies evaluated sleep through heterogeneous tools. They used different questionnaires; even those considered by polysomnography did not record the same channels. CONCLUSION: It seems that enuretic children and adolescents sleep differently from those who are non-enuretic. More studies are needed to clarify the best way to assess sleep and better understand this relationship. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021266338. There was no funding.

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ABSTRACT Objective: Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is a prevalent condition in childhood, and the pathophysiology is multifactorial. This study investigated the relationship between the toilet training process (TT) and PMNE in children and adolescents. Patients and Methods: A case-control study was carried out from 2015 to 2020. The presence of PMNE was identified according to International Children's Continence Society criteria. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to assess TT. Results: The study included 103 children and adolescents with PMNE and 269 participants with normal psychomotor development without PMNE (control group [CG]). Readiness signals were more remembered and less frequent in participants with PMNE (p=0.001) when compared to control group. No differences were found between the groups regarding the onset age of the daytime TT (p= 0.10), the nocturnal TT (p=0.08), the acquisition of daytime continence (p=0.06), and the type of equipment used for the TT (p=0.99). The use of Child-Oriented approach in group of children with enuresis was lower than in controls [87.4% (90/103) versus 94% (250/266)], respectively (OR= 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.94, p = 0.039). Conclusions: The age of onset of TT, acquisition of daytime continence, and the type of equipment were not associated with higher occurrence of PMNE. On the other hand, the Child-Oriented approach was a protective factor for the occurrence of PMNE.

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OBJECTIVE: Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is a prevalent condition in childhood, and the pathophysiology is multifactorial. This study investigated the relationship between the toilet training process (TT) and PMNE in children and adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case-control study was carried out from 2015 to 2020. The presence of PMNE was identified according to International Children's Continence Society criteria. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to assess TT. RESULTS: The study included 103 children and adolescents with PMNE and 269 participants with normal psychomotor development without PMNE (control group [CG]). Readiness signals were more remembered and less frequent in participants with PMNE (p=0.001) when compared to control group. No differences were found between the groups regarding the onset age of the daytime TT (p= 0.10), the nocturnal TT (p=0.08), the acquisition of daytime continence (p=0.06), and the type of equipment used for the TT (p=0.99). The use of Child-Oriented approach in group of children with enuresis was lower than in controls [87.4% (90/103) versus 94% (250/266)], respectively (OR= 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.94, p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: The age of onset of TT, acquisition of daytime continence, and the type of equipment were not associated with higher occurrence of PMNE. On the other hand, the Child-Oriented approach was a protective factor for the occurrence of PMNE.

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BACKGROUND: Educators and health assistants can act as key players in controlling the pandemic. In general, they are respected by the community, especially in rural areas, and can help guide and raise the population's awareness of preventive measures. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the results in knowledge progress of an e-learning course offered to educators and health assistants by a public university and to analyze the profile and satisfaction of the participants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single group pre- and post-test design based on a questionnaire, interventional, study was conducted in the period from April 20th to June 20th. All participants of the course answered sociodemographic and satisfaction questionnaire and a pre- and post-test. Data were descriptively arranged and regarding the distribution and comparison of means and frequency, paired t-test for group comparisons. P < 0.05 was statistically significant. Data were collected from the Moodle® teaching platform, without identifying the participants. RESULTS: A total of 674 participants were enrolled in the five groups, and 583 concluded the course (86.5%). The reasons for those who did not access the entire course (n = 47) were: Lack of time, difficulty in accessing the internet, and lack of experience with distance learning courses. On the evaluation of the course platform, from the tutors in general and the degree of satisfaction in several questions, participants marked maximum grades. The comparison between pre- and post-proficiency scores showed increased proficiency of the enrolled groups (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The course contributed to the training of health assistants and educators, preparing them to act in a participatory way in the prevention and control of the pandemic. The course was well evaluated and there was a progression of knowledge by the participants.

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INTRODUCTION: The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of lower tract urinary symptoms (LUTS) and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents and their association in a community setting using validated scoring instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out from February 2015 to December 2019, during which the parents or guardians of 431 children and adolescents from 5 to 13 years of age, attending a general pediatric outpatient clinic were interviewed. RESULTS: The prevalence of ADHD symptoms and LUTS were 19.9% and 17.9%, respectively. Of the 82 children and adolescents with ADHD, 28% (23) had LUTS (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.75, p=0.008). Mean total DVSS score in children in the group of children presenting ADHD symptom was significantly higher than those without ADHD symptom (10.2±4.85 vs. 4.9±2.95, p=0.002). Urgency prevailed among LUTS as the most frequent symptom reported by patients with ADHD symptoms (p=0.004). Analyzing all subscales of the DVSS, the items "When your child wants to pee, can't he wait? "Your child holds the pee by crossing his legs, crouching or dancing?" were higher in those with ADHD symptoms (p=0.01 and 0.02, respectively). Functional constipation was present in 36.4% of children with LUTS and 20.7% without LUTS (OR 4.3 95% CI 1-5.3 p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents with ADHD symptoms are 2.3 times more likely to have LUTS. The combined type of ADHD was the most prevalent among them.

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BACKGROUND: Attention deficit and hyperactivity/impulsivity disorder (ADHD) and enuresis are common behavioral disorders in childhood, impacting adolescence and adult life. Enuresis (NE) is an incontinence disorder frequently observed in children with ADHD. The relationship between ADHD and NE has been a matter of debate. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to verify the relationship between ADHD and enuresis and how these conditions can modify each other during development. Using PRISMA guidelines, under the PROSPERO registration number CRD42020208299, we systematically searched the literature and conducted a meta-analysis to answer the following question: how frequent is ADHD and enuresis comorbidity? Twenty-five studies were fully read, and data from seven less heterogeneous case-control studies were pooled to estimate enuresis prevalence comparing ADHD and control samples, whereas six studies were combined to evaluate ADHD frequencies in children with and without enuresis. RESULTS: We found the ADHD rates in children with enuresis are similar to the enuresis rates in the group of children with ADHD. The presence of ADHD and enuresis comorbidity does not seem to play a role in gender distribution and the presence of other comorbidities in comparison to controls. However, enuresis seems to persist for more time in children with ADHD. LIMITATIONS: The selected papers differed in study type, research question, samples, and controls utilized. CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review with meta-analysis supports the reciprocal association between enuresis and ADHD. Further studies are necessary to build more robust evidence.

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Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica acerca da Teoria do Cuidado Humano de Jean Watson em teses e dissertações, no âmbito nacional. Métodos: estudo bibliométrico constituído de 41 teses e dissertações publicadas no banco de teses e dissertações do CEPEn, catálogo de teses e dissertações disponível no portal da CAPES, no Portal Domínio Público, na TESESENF e BDTD, no recorte temporal de 2000 a 2016. Resultados: os anos de 2000 e 2016 foram os de maior produção sobre o tema. A região sul obteve um maior destaque nas publicações, com maior quantidade de estudos produzidos na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Houve predominância de dissertações e de pesquisadores da área da enfermagem. Conclusão: sugere-se a realização de novos estudos sobre a temática, no sentido de auxiliar a aplicabilidade da teoria no ambiente de cuidados

Objective:The study's main purpose has been to analyze the scientific production addressing the Jean Watson's Human Caring Theory in theses and dissertations, at the national level. Methods: it is a bibliometric study composed by 41 theses and dissertations published in the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations from CEPEn, the Capes theses and dissertations database, the Public Domain Portal, the TESESENF, and the BDTD, from 2000 to 2016. Results: over the period from 2000 to 2016, there was verified the largest scientific production addressing such topic. The southern region was more prominent in publications, with more studies produced at the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. There was a predominance of dissertations and nursing researchers. Conclusion: considering the period studied, the publications on the studied topic show a non-expressive quantitative impact. It is suggested to carry out new studies on the subject, in order to support the theory applicability towards the care services

Objetivo: Analizar la producción científica acerca de la Teoría del Cuidado Humano de Jean Watson en tesis y disertaciones, a nivel nacional. Método: estudio bibliométrico constituido por 41 tesis y disertaciones publicadas en el banco de tesis y disertaciones del CEPEn, catálogo de tesis y disertaciones disponible en el portal de la CAPES, en el Portal Dominio Público, en la TESESENF y BDTD, en el recorte temporal de 2000 a 2016. Resultados: los años 2000 y 2016 fueron los de mayor producción sobre el tema. La región sur obtuvo un mayor destaque en las publicaciones, con mayor cantidad de estudios producidos en la Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina. Hubo predominio de disertaciones y de investigadores del área de enfermería. Conclusión: se sugiere la realización de nuevos estudios sobre la temática, en el sentido de auxiliar la aplicabilidad de la teoría en el ambiente de cuidados

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BACKGROUND: Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is a common clinical condition in children, frequently associated with emotional issues both among the patients and their families. The objective of the present study was to measure depressive and anxious symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in parents of LUTD patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study applied Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories and WHOQOL-Bref to 88 caregivers of children with LUTD followed at a tertiary care center. The prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents was assessed using the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL 6-18) answered by their caregivers. The association of clinical features and emotional aspects related to the caregivers' quality of life was evaluated through non-parametric correlation (Spearman) and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Most of the caregivers were mothers (88%), with a mean age of 41.5 (SD 8.7 years), 67% of them married or in a stable union, and 38% had not completed elementary school. Considering 19 as the cutoff point for the Beck scale, 44% of the sample had a clinical score for depressive symptoms and 43% for anxious symptoms. According to the parents' report, 56% of children with LUTD had a clinical score for behavioral problems in CBCL. Parents' QoL was impaired, and the predictors of poor QoL were the age of the patients and presence of depressive/anxious symptoms in caregivers. Parents' depression/anxiety symptoms and poor QoL significantly correlated with behavioral problems in their children. The CBCL total problems score correlated both to depression (r = 0.38, p < 0.01) and to anxiety in parents (r = 0.49, p < 0.01) (Figure). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate a possible emotional impact of LUTD in patients' caregivers. Our study suggests that an approach to the family of LUTD patients' may be an important therapeutic resource for an effective clinical control of this condition.

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Objetivo: Investigar as contribuições da Teoria Final de Vida Pacífico para a assistência de enfermagem ao paciente em Cuidados Paliativos. Método: Pesquisa de campo com abordagem qualitativa, na qual participaram 12 enfermeiros. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados mediante a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Da análise do material empírico, emergiram duas categorias: Espiritualidade na promoção de paz nos momentos finais; Atender aos desejos do doente terminal como atitude de respeito à sua dignidade. Conclusão: As principais contribuições da Teoria do Final de Vida Pacífico consistem em fornecer um suporte apropriado para nortear as estratégias utilizadas por enfermeiros, especialmente no que se refere a promoção de paz mediante a atenção a dimensão espiritual e o respeito à dignidade do paciente em fase final de vida relacionada ao atendimento aos últimos desejos do paciente e a solução de situações mal resolvidas

Objective: This study investigated the contributions of the Theory of The Peaceful End of Life to nursing care for patients under palliative care. Methods: This field research with a qualitative approach was carried out with 12 registered nurses. The semi-structured interview technique was used for data collection. The data obtained were submitted to content analysis. Results: Empirical analysis allowed the emergence of two categories: "Spirituality while promoting peace during the final moments" and "Satisfying the terminal patients' desires as an attitude of respect for their dignity". Conclusion: As main contributions, the Theory of The Peaceful End of Life guided the strategies used by the nurses, especially those aimed at promoting peace by paying attention to the spiritual dimension and respecting the dignity of patients at the end of their lives. Furthermore, meeting their last wishes and solving pending problems were highlighted as important strategies

Objetivo: Investigar contribuciones de la teoría Teoría Final de Vida Pacífica al asistencia de pacientes en cuidados paliativos. Método: investigación de campo con enfoque cualitativo, con participación de 12 enfermeras. Para recopilar los datos utilizados, utilice la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueram analizados utilizando una técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados: del análisis del material empírico, surgieron dos categorías: La espiritualidad en la promoción de paz en los momentos finales; Cumplir los deseos del paciente terminal como una actitud de respeto por su dignidad. Conclusión: las principales contribuciones de la Teoría Final de Vida Pacíf son proporcionar el apoyo adecuado para las enfermeras, especialmente en lo que respecta a promover la paz mediante el uso de la atención espiritual y el respeto a la dignidad del paciente en la fase final de la vida, especialmente en satisfacer los últimos deseos del paciente y resolver situaciones no resueltas.

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Resumo Objetivo Analisar indicadores bibliométricos de estudos oriundos de dissertações e teses sobre cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica defendidas em Programas de Pós-Graduação no cenário brasileiro. Métodos Estudo bibliométrico realizado por meio do Banco de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), entre os anos de 2008 a 2018, defendidas em Programas de Pós-Graduação do Brasil. Resultados Os indicadores bibliométricos investigados destacam 60 estudos (13 teses e 47 dissertações) realizados sobre cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica. A Instituição de Ensino Superior com a maior produção científica foi a Universidade de São Paulo, e a Região Sudeste foi a que mais se destacou com o maior quantitativo de publicações; estas foram distribuídas em 18 Programas. A área da Enfermagem ocupou posição de destaque seguida da Psicologia e da Medicina. O desenho metodológico mais utilizado nos estudos foi de natureza qualitativa. A maioria das pesquisas foi realizada em hospitais especializados para o tratamento de câncer. Conclusão A pesquisa identificou um número reduzido de estudos oriundos de dissertações e teses sobre cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica, defendidas em Programas de Pós-Graduação no cenário brasileiro. Sugerem-se novos estudos para ampliar a produção científica acerca do tema bem como para disseminar evidências científicas no contexto da prática clínica dos cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar indicadores bibliométricos de estudios oriundos de tesis de maestría y doctorado sobre cuidados paliativos en oncología pediátrica defendidas en Programas de Posgrado en el escenario brasileño. Métodos Estudio bibliométrico realizado por medio del Banco de Teses e Dissertações de la Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) y de la Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), entre los años 2008 y 2018, defendidas en Programas de Posgrado de Brasil. Resultados Los indicadores bibliométricos investigados destacan 60 estudios (13 tesis de doctorado y 47 tesis de maestría) realizados sobre cuidados paliativos en oncología pediátrica. La institución de educación universitaria con mayor producción científica fue la Universidad de São Paulo, y la región sudeste fue la que más se destacó con el mayor cuantitativo de publicaciones; estas se distribuyeron en 18 Programas. El área de Enfermería ocupó una posición destacada, seguida de Psicología y Medicina. El diseño metodológico más utilizado en los estudios fue de naturaleza cualitativa. La mayoría de las investigaciones fue realizada en hospitales especializados en tratamiento de cáncer. Conclusión La investigación identificó un número reducido de estudios oriundos de tesis de maestría y doctorado sobre cuidados paliativos en oncología pediátrica, defendidas en Programas de Posgrado en el escenario brasileño. Se sugieren nuevos estudios para ampliar la producción científica sobre el tema, así como también para difundir evidencias científicas en el contexto de la práctica clínica de los cuidados paliativos en oncología pediátrica.

Abstract Objective To analyze bibliometric indicators of studies originated from dissertations and theses on palliative care in pediatric oncology defended in Postgraduate Programs in the Brazilian scenario. Methods Bibliometric study conducted through the Bank of Theses and Dissertations of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Portuguese acronym: CAPES) and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Portuguese acronym: BDTD) between years 2008 and 2018 defended in Postgraduate Programs in Brazil. Results The investigated bibliometric indicators highlighted 60 studies (13 theses and 47 dissertations) conducted on palliative care in pediatric oncology. The Higher Education Institution with the highest scientific production was the Universidade de São Paulo. The southeast region stood out with the largest number of publications distributed in 18 programs. The Nursing field occupied a prominent position, followed by Psychology and Medicine. The qualitative methodological design was the most used in the studies. Most studies were conducted in specialized hospitals for cancer treatment. Conclusion A small number of studies originating from dissertations and theses on palliative care in pediatric oncology defended in Postgraduate Programs in the Brazilian scenario was identified in this investigation. Further studies are suggested to expand scientific production on the topic and disseminate scientific evidence within clinical practice of palliative care in pediatric oncology.

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Objetivo: investigar a produção científica sobre a espiritualidade e religiosidade no contexto da malformação congênita. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, sobre o tema, com busca realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, Lilacs e Scielo, a qual incluiu artigos de 2007 a 2017. Resultados: foram examinadas 28 publicações, cujas análises textuais permitiram a construção de duas categorias: práticas espirituais e religiosas e o enfrentamento do diagnóstico e nascimento pelos familiares; espiritualidade, religiosidade e cuidado com a criança malformada. Conclusão: mesmo possuindo significados diferentes, os estudos revelaram que a espiritualidade em saúde é, com frequência, associada à religiosidade. Essa dimensão humana mostrou-se relevante diante do enfrentamento do diagnóstico de malformação congênita e serviu como fonte de sustento para o enfrentamento do cuidado com seus portadores.

Objective: to investigate the scientific production about spirituality and religiosity in the context of congenital malformation. Method: this integrative literature review, conducted in the PubMed, LILACS and SciELO databases, included papers published from 2007 to 2017. Results: textual analysis of the 28 publications examined enabled two categories to be constructed: Spiritual and religious practices, and families' coping with the diagnosis and birth; and Spirituality, religiosity, and care for the malformed child. Conclusion: the studies, although having different meanings, have shown that spirituality in health is often associated with religiosity. This human dimension proved to be important in coping with the diagnosis of congenital malformation, and served as a source of support in dealing with the care for those affected.

Objetivo: investigar la producción científica sobre la espiritualidad y la religiosidad en el contexto de la malformación congénita. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura, sobre el tema, llevada a cabo en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS y SciELO, que incluyó artículos de 2007 a 2017. Resultados: se examinaron 28 publicaciones, cuyos análisis textuales permitieron la construcción de dos categorías: prácticas espirituales y religiosas y el enfrentamiento del diagnóstico y del nacimiento por los familiares; espiritualidad, religiosidad y cuidado del niño malformado. Conclusión: incluso teniendo diferentes significados, los estudios revelaron que la espiritualidad en la salud se asocia, frecuentemente, con la religiosidad. Esta dimensión humana demostró ser relevante en el enfrentamiento del diagnóstico de la malformación congénita y sirvió como fuente de sustento para enfrentar las dificultades del cuidado de sus portadores

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ABSTRACT Complications are rare in pediatric cases of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS). Thromboembolism ranks among the most uncommon and difficult complications to diagnose, particularly in the first episode of NS, since clinical signs might be unspecific. This report describes the case of a 5-year-old girl with NS for the first time presenting with severe hypoalbuminemia (< 2g/dL). The patient responded poorly to therapy with corticosteroids. On day 8 of hospitalization she started having headaches and vomiting; she did not present hemodynamic alterations, fever or exanthems, and her neurological parameters were normal. The patient was suspected for intracranial hypertension, and computed tomography scans revealed she had cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). She was started on anticoagulants and showed clinical signs of improvement. The patient had no evident prothrombotic risk factors. She had three other episodes since she was diagnosed, one in which her plasma antithrombin level was low. Although antithrombin levels were normal in her first episode, she was tested after the resolution of proteinuria. The low levels of antithrombin seen in the first recurrence might have mirrored the initial drop in plasma antithrombin levels, an idea supported by the severe hypoalbuminemia she had when diagnosed. This severe manifestation of acquired thrombophilia might be in the origin of CVST. This report presents a rare case of thromboembolic complication in a pediatric patient with NS. The patient progressed well since she was started on anticoagulants. Although she did not present any evident risk factors at first, the development of her case indicated that severe acquired thrombophilia might have worked as the pathophysiological mechanism leading to CVST.

RESUMO A Síndrome Nefrótica (SN) idiopática em crianças pode, raramente, complicar-se. O tromboembolismo é uma das complicações mais raras, principalmente no primeiro episódio, e de diagnóstico mais difícil, uma vez que a clínica pode ser inespecífica. Descrevemos o caso de uma criança de 5 anos com episódio inaugural de SN, destacando-se hipoalbuminemia inicial grave (< 2g/dL). Apresentou fraca resposta inicial à corticoterapia e, após 8 dias de internamento, iniciou quadro de cefaleias e vômitos, sem alterações hemodinâmicas, sem febre, sem exantema e com exame neurológico normal. Perante a suspeita de hipertensão intracraniana, foi realizada TC-CE, que mostrou trombose venosa cerebral (TVC). Foi então iniciada terapêutica anticoagulante com posterior boa evolução clínica. Trata-se de uma criança sem fatores de risco pró-trombóticos evidentes. Desde o diagnóstico, teve 3 recaídas, uma das quais com níveis baixos de antitrombina, que no episódio inaugural eram normais, apesar de avaliados já numa fase não proteinúrica. Suspeita-se, assim, que esse déficit plasmático em antitrombina na recaída poderá mimetizar a queda plasmática inicial, hipótese também apoiada pela hipoalbuminemia grave ao diagnóstico. Esta trombofília grave adquirida poderá ter sido mecanismo etiológico para a trombose venosa cerebral. O interesse deste caso prende-se com a raridade de complicações tromboembólicas na SN Pediátrica, ainda mais raras no episódio inaugural. Nesse caso, a boa evolução foi possível após a associação da terapêutica anticoagulante. Embora sem fatores de risco iniciais evidentes, a evolução do caso permitiu a suspeita de uma trombofília adquirida grave como mecanismo fisiopatológico do tromboembolismo cerebral.

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