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RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la ingesta de macronutrientes y su relación con la edad y sexo en estudiantes de educación superior. Métodos Se realizó un estudio transversal conformado con 218 estudiantes de educación superior de 18 a 30 años. Se utilizó un instrumento validado y confiable, para medir el consumo de macronutrientes. Resultados Respecto a la ingesta de consumo de macronutrientes se observa que hay diferencia estadística por sexo, a favor de los hombres (p>0,05), excepto en el consumo de proteínas en los estudiantes mayores de 25 años. En el grupo etario menor a 20 años, los hombres tienen un mejor consumo de proteínas. En estudiantes de 20 a 25 años el consumo de macronutrientes es parecido entre hombres y mujeres. Discusión Los resultados evidencian que el porcentaje de consumo respecto del valor ideal de requerimiento estimado para actividad ligera según FAO/OMS/ONU 2004, está por debajo, con un déficit de consumo de macronutrientes que oscila entre el 20% y el 60%.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the intake of macronutrients and its relationship with age and sex in higher education students. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with 218 higher education students, aged between 18 and 30 years. A validated and reliable instrument was used to measure macronutrient consumption. Results Regarding the intake of macronutrients, a statistical difference by sex was observed in favor of men (p>0.05), except for the consumption of proteins in students older than 25 years. In the group under 20 years of age, men showed better protein intake. Finally, in students between 20 and 25 years, the consumption of macronutrients is similar among men and women. Discussion The results show that the percentage of consumption with respect to ideal value of the estimated requirement for light activity according to FAO/WHO/UN 2004 is below the recommendations, with a macronutrient consumption deficit that ranges between 20% and 60%.(AU)
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Humanos , Estudantes , Nutrientes , Comportamento Alimentar , Estudos Transversais/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: Los hábitos y la ingesta alimentaria saludable en la población son esenciales en el individuo, principalmente los correspondientes a frutas y verduras por los beneficios que proporcionan a la salud. Objetivo: Determinar los hábitos y la ingesta en frutas y verduras en estudiantes. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal realizado en 218 estudiantes de educación superior (de 18 a 30 años). Se utilizó un instrumento validado y confiable, para medir los hábitos e ingesta de alimentos. Resultados: Las frutas, como parte de alimentos entre comidas, fueron preferentemente ingeridas por las mujeres más que por los hombres (p= 0,006); fueron ingeridas por todos los estudiantes, preferentemente por los >25 años que por los menores a esta edad (p= 0,05). Las mujeres tuvieron una mayor ingesta de verduras que los hombres (p= 0,07). La preparación de alimentos para su consumo es realizada principalmente por mujeres; y más del 50% los consume fuera de casa. Conclusión: La ingesta en frutas y verduras se encontró por debajo de los 400 g recomendados por la OMS en todos los casos, aún en el grupo de mujeres que las consumieron más entre comidas.
ABSTRACT Background: Eating habits and healthy dietary intake in the population are essential, especially the intake of fruit and vegetable for their health benefits. Therefore, the aim of this work was to understand the habits and the intake of fruits and vegetables among students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed, considering a sample of 218 university students (18 to 30 years old). A validated and reliable instrument was used to measure food consumption and food preparation habits. Results: Fruits as a snack between meals were ingested by more women than men (p= 0.006), the ingestion of fruits was more common among students >25 years compared to younger students (p= 0.05). Women reported a higher intake of vegetables compared to men (p= 0.07). Women mainly prepared food and more than 50% ate outside the home. Conclusion: The ingestion of fruits and vegetables was below WHO recommendations (400 g), even in the group of women who consumed fruit as a snack.
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Estudantes , Verduras , Dieta , Ingestão de Alimentos , Universidades , Comportamento Alimentar , FrutasRESUMO
Resumen Se realizó una revisión narrativa con análisis temático sobre las aportaciones de los paradigmas científicos al conocimiento de la prescripción inadecuada de medicamentos. Se buscaron artículos de acceso abierto indexados en PubMed© entre 2010-2014, y se sistematizó información sobre el paradigma, tipo de publicación, perspectiva teórica, objetivo, método y resultados. De los 992 artículos encontrados, se seleccionaron 118, y se tomó una muestra propositiva de 15, según su diseño, representando los cuatro paradigmas. Los artículos positivistas reportaron prevalencia, factores asociados, efectividad de intervenciones y criterios de evaluación; los interpretativos explicaron las causas del problema según los involucrados; los críticos denunciaron la influencia de la industria farmacéutica; y el participativo abordó el problema secundariamente y lo solucionó en un escenario para una enfermedad y grupo farmacológico específicos. Se concluyó que la prescripción inadecuada de medicamentos como problema de investigación en salud pública recibe aportes de los cuatro paradigmas, con dominio del positivismo, lo que se atribuye al carácter paradigmático de la ciencia desde la que se le aborda habitualmente, y que una perspectiva multi-paradigmática es el mejor abordaje.
Abstract This study conducted a narrative review with thematic analysis about contributions of scientific paradigms to knowledge of inadequate drugs prescription. We searched open access articles indexed in PubMed© between 2010 and 2014, and we systematized information about scientific paradigm, publication type, theoretical perspective, objective, method and results. From the 992 articles found, 118 were selected. From those, we chose a purposive sample of 15, according to the design of the studies, representing the four paradigms. The positivists articles reported prevalence, associated factors, effectiveness of interventions and evaluation criteria; the interpretive explained the causes of the problem according to those involved; the critics denounced the influence of pharmaceutical industry; and the participative addressed the problem secondarily and solved it in a scenario for a specific disease and pharmacological. We concluded that the inadequate drugs prescription as research problem in public health had contributions from the four paradigms, with dominance of positivism, which is attributed to the paradigmatic perspective of the science, from which it is usually studied, and that a multi-paradigmatic perspective is the best approach to the public health issue.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Indústria Farmacêutica , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Prescrição Inadequada , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the intake of macronutrients and its relationship with age and sex in higher education students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 218 higher education students, aged between 18 and 30 years. A validated and reliable instrument was used to measure macronutrient consumption. RESULTS: Regarding the intake of macronutrients, a statistical difference by sex was observed in favor of men (p>0.05), except for the consumption of proteins in students older than 25 years. In the group under 20 years of age, men showed better protein intake. Finally, in students between 20 and 25 years, the consumption of macronutrients is similar among men and women. DISCUSSION: The results show that the percentage of consumption with respect to ideal value of the estimated requirement for light activity according to FAO/WHO/UN 2004 is below the recommendations, with a macronutrient consumption deficit that ranges between 20% and 60%.
OBJETIVO: Analizar la ingesta de macronutrientes y su relación con la edad y sexo en estudiantes de educación superior. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal conformado con 218 estudiantes de educación superior de 18 a 30 años. Se utilizó un instrumento validado y confiable, para medir el consumo de macronutrientes. RESULTADOS: Respecto a la ingesta de consumo de macronutrientes se observa que hay diferencia estadística por sexo, a favor de los hombres (p>0,05), excepto en el consumo de proteínas en los estudiantes mayores de 25 años. En el grupo etario menor a 20 años, los hombres tienen un mejor consumo de proteínas. En estudiantes de 20 a 25 años el consumo de macronutrientes es parecido entre hombres y mujeres. DISCUSIÓN: Los resultados evidencian que el porcentaje de consumo respecto del valor ideal de requerimiento estimado para actividad ligera según FAO/OMS/ONU 2004, está por debajo, con un déficit de consumo de macronutrientes que oscila entre el 20% y el 60%.
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Dieta , Nutrientes , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Carboidratos da Dieta , Gorduras na Dieta , Proteínas Alimentares , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Preferências Alimentares , Humanos , Masculino , México , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Necessidades Nutricionais , Estudantes/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general describir las particularidades y regularidades del proceso de recuperación del alcoholismo para evaluar la eficacia del modelo de atención de los G.I.A., en las instituciones públicas de salud de zona sur del gran Buenos Aires entre 2014 y 2017. El universo de la presente investigación está compuesto por personas con consumo problemático de alcohol o alcoholismo. La unidad de análisis y sus criterios de inclusión y exclusión corresponde a las personas que luego de consultar en el espacio de orientación y asesoramiento iniciaron tratamiento incluyéndose en el dispositivo G.I.A. y participaron con regularidad del mismo durante 6 meses o más. El tipo de estudio corresponde a un estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo, cuali-cuantitativo. Los resultados revelaron que del 100% de las personas consultantes, el 54% fueron afectados directos y el 46% familiares y allegados. En esta investigación se definió como población de estudio, a los afectados directos y su proceso de recuperación. De la totalidad de los afectados directos el 28% realizaron tratamiento durante 6 meses o más, lo que permitió evaluar los indicadores de proceso de recuperación. Se confirmó el supuesto de trabajo referido a que aquellas personas que sostuvieron tratamiento en el dispositivo GIA durante 6 meses o más, lograron resultados positivos en los indicadores medidos en un 95 % promedio
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Psicoterapia de GrupoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical competence of Mexican and Guatemalan physicians to management the family dysfunction. METHODS: Cross comparative study in four care units first in Guadalajara, Mexico, and four in Guatemala, Guatemala, based on a purposeful sampling, involving 117 and 100 physicians, respectively. Clinical competence evaluated by validated instrument integrated for 187 items. Non-parametric descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: The percentage of Mexican physicians with high clinical competence was 13.7%, medium 53%, low 24.8% and defined by random 8.5%. For the Guatemalan physicians'14% was high, average 63%, and 23% defined by random. There were no statistically significant differences between healthcare country units, but between the medium of Mexicans (0.55) and Guatemalans (0.55) (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The proportion of the high clinical competency of Mexican physicians' was as Guatemalans.
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Competência Clínica , Saúde da Família , Médicos/normas , Feminino , Guatemala , Humanos , Masculino , México , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: La educación en salud busca influir sobre la actitud de las personas para mejorar su salud mediante el fomento de hábitos saludables. En pacientes en hemodiálisis, su capacidad funcional suele estar disminuida por la inactividad física. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa en salud para la promoción del ejercicio aeróbico, sobre la capacidad funcional de pacientes en hemodiálisis de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio cuasiexperimental antes-después con grupo control en Unidades de Atención Médica Hospitalaria del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación Jalisco, con un universo de 26 pacientes con hemodiálisis muestreados propositivamente, 14 en el Grupo "A" (experimental) y 12 en el "B" (control). Se incluyeron las variables: edad, sexo y capacidad funcional. La intervención consistió en un diálogo dirigido sobre factores biopsicosociales de enfermedad renal, capacidad funcional y nutrición, con acompañamiento en ejercicios aeróbicos de 30 minutos/semana durante 20 semanas. Se evaluó la capacidad funcional con el Test Delta, y se comparó la media antes y después usando T de Student (p ≤ 0,05). RESULTADOS: No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la edad y sexo de los pacientes en los Grupos "A" y "B". Capacidad funcional media antes y después: Grupo "A" 14 ± 5 vs 8 ± 4 (p < 0,001), Grupo "B" 16 ± 4 vs 17 ± 5 (p = 0,405). Conclusiones: La educación en salud influyó favorablemente sobre la actividad física de los pacientes en hemodiálisis y mejoró su capacidad funcional. Es recomendable implementar programas de ejercicio aeróbico durante las sesiones de hemodiálisis
INTRODUCTION: Health education search to influence on persons' attitude for to improve your health by mean of healthy habits promotion. In patients with hemodialysis your functional capacity usually is diminished for physical inactivity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a health education intervention for aerobic exercise's promotion on the functional capacity in hemodialysis patients from Mexico. METHODS: Quasi-experimental study beforeafter with control group in Hospital Medical Care Units of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Jalisco's Delegation, with a universe of 26 patients with hemodialysis purposively sampled, 14 in Group "A" (experimental) and 12 in Group "B" (control). It included variables: age, gender and functional capacity. The intervention consisted of directed dialogue on biopsychosocial factors of renal disease, functional capacity and nutrition, with accompaniment in aerobic exercises of 30 minutes/week for 20 weeks. It evaluated functional capacity with Delta Test and it compared means before and after with Student's T (p ≤ 0,05). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between age and gender of patients in the "A" and "B" Groups. Mean functional capacity before and after: Group "A" 14 ± 5 vs 8 ± 4 (p < 0,001), Group "B" 16 ± 4 vs 17 ± 5(p=0,405). CONCLUSIONS: The health education influenced favorably on the physical activity of patients with hemodialysis and improved your functional capacity. To implement aerobic exercise programs during hemodialysis sessions it advisable
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Humanos , Exercício Físico , Educação em Saúde , Diálise Renal , Pessoas com Deficiência , Insuficiência Renal , Unidades Hospitalares de HemodiáliseRESUMO
The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of nucleotide transition (G/A) in position -2518 of the MCP-1 gene related to the susceptibility of developing RA. Two hundred twenty-three consecutive RA patients according to 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria were included; 120 healthy subjects were used as controls. MCP-1 -2518 A/G polymorphism (AG + GG) was present in 162 (72.6 %) RA patients and in 63 (52.5 %) healthy subjects [OR 2.44 (IC95% 1.53-3.88, p = 0.0002)]; associations for heterozygotes and homozygotes were OR 1.92 (IC95% 1.19-3.15, p = 0.001) and OR 5.19 (IC95% 2.34-11.51, p = 0.001), respectively. In Argentine patients, MCP-1 gene polymorphism confers susceptibility for developing RA.
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Artrite Reumatoide/genética , Quimiocina CCL2/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Alelos , Argentina/epidemiologia , Artrite Reumatoide/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Heterozigoto , Homozigoto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJETIVOS: identificar as complicações pós-operatórias apresentadas por pacientes submetidos aos procedimentos cirúrgicos, em um hospital de média complexidade, as dificuldades vivenciadas no autocuidado durante o período pós-operatório e as orientações fornecidas no processo de alta hospitalar. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, prospectivo quantitativo, empreendido em pacientes que realizaram tratamentos cirúrgicos em um hospital do Paraná. RESULTADOS: de 110 pacientes, 70 (64%) participaram, sendo que destes, 57 (87%) apresentaram algum tipo de complicação e 67 (95%) afirmaram ter recebido orientações para a alta hospitalar. Apesar de 38 (54%) informarem não ter tido dúvidas quanto ao autocuidado, 26 (37%) relataram dúvidas quanto a realizar o curativo, e seis (9%) sobre o uso correto da medicação. Quanto ao profissional orientador, 45 (64%) foram orientados por enfermeiro, 40 (58%) por médico e quatro (5%) por outros profissionais. CONCLUSÃO: evidenciou-se a necessidade de ações educativas mais eficientes pelos profissionais da saúde no perioperatório.
AIM: to identify post-operative complications in patients undergoing surgical procedures in a hospital of medium complexity, the difficulties experienced in self-care during the post-operative period and the guidance provided in the discharge process. METHOD: a descriptive study, quantitative prospective undertaken in patients who underwent surgical treatment in a hospital of Paraná. RESULTS: in a total of 110 patients, 70 (64%) participated, and of these, 57 (87%) had some type of complication and 67 (95%) said they had received instructions for discharge. Although 38 (54%) inquiries did not have doubts about self-care, 26 (37%) reported doubts about changing the dressing and 6 (9%) about the correct use of medication. As for the professional advisor, 45 (64%) were instructed by nurses, 40 (58%) by doctors and 4 (5%) by other professionals. CONCLUSION: It showed the need for more efficient educational actions by health professionals in the peri-operative period.
OBJETIVOS: identificar las complicaciones pos operatorias presentadas por pacientes sometidos a los procedimientos quirúrgicos, en un hospital de media complejidad, las dificultades experimentadas en el autocuidado durante el período pos-operatorio y las orientaciones ofrecidas en el proceso de alta hospitalaria. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo cuantitativo, emprendido en pacientes que realizaron tratamientos quirúrgicos en un hospital de Paraná. RESULTADOS: de 110 pacientes, 70 (64%) participaron, siendo que de estos, 57 (87%) presentaron algún tipo de complicaciones y 67 (95%) afirmaron haber recibido orientaciones para la alta hospitalaria. A pesar de 38 (54%) informar no haber tenido dudas cuanto al autocuidado, 26 (37%) relataron dudas cuanto a realizar el curativo, y seis (9%) sobre el uso correcto de la medicación. Cuanto al profesional orientador, 45 (64%) fueron orientados por enfermero, 40 (58%) por médico y cuatro (5%) por otros profesionales. CONCLUSIÓN: se evidenció la necesidad de acciones educativas más eficientes por los profesionales de la salud en el peri operatorio.
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Humanos , Alta do Paciente , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Período Pós-Operatório , Autocuidado , Pacientes Internados , Enfermagem Perioperatória , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
AIM: A polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) promoter region has been associated with disease susceptibility and progression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The presence of an adenosine (TNF2 allele) instead of a guanine (TNF1 allele) at position -308 may be responsible for a general increase in the transcriptional activity of the TNF-α gene. Our aim was to evaluate the association of the TNF2 allele with the risk of disease development and/or progression of RA in an Argentine population cohort. METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-three consecutive patients with RA according to the 1987 criteria of the American College of Rheumatology were included in the study. Clinical variables, Disease Activity Score 28, Health Assessment Questionnaire and Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life were recorded. The radiographic erosions were determined by the method of Sharp/van der Heijde. A group of 111 healthy subjects matched by sex and age was used as a control. All samples were genotyped for the -308 G/A TNF-α polymorphism. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed either in the frequency of the TNF2 allele or in the genotypic distributions of the -308 G/A TNF-α polymorphism (P > 0.05) between the control group and the RA patients. No association was found between the TNF2 allele and the variables related to the course and outcome of the disease (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this cohort of Argentinean patients with RA, the TNF2 allele was neither associated with susceptibility to the disease nor was it associated with the variables related to the course and outcome of the disease.
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Artrite Reumatoide/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Idoso , Argentina , Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Sin duda alguna, la investigación es una actividad imprescindible para el crecimiento educativo mundial, además de su impacto en el progreso significativo como sociedad y país, no solo en términos de calidad académica, sino en todos los aspectos de la vida cotidiana. La investigación es una función esencial de las Instituciones de Educación Superior, IES, y constituye un elemento fundamental en el proceso educativo, porque a través de ella se genera conocimiento y se propicia el aprendizaje para la generación de nuevos saberes; además, la investigación vincula a la universidad con la sociedad. Al ser una función esencial, sustantiva, la investigación se convierte en el deber ser de las universidades. Por esta razón las IES deben desarrollar capacidades para la investigación en los estudiantes e incorporar su práctica como estrategia de aprendizaje-enseñanza en el currículo.
Without a doubt, research is an essential activity for global educational growth, in addition to its impact on significant progress as a society and country, not only in terms of academic quality, but in all aspects of daily life. Research is an essential function of higher education institutions, HEIs, and is a fundamental element in the educational process, because through it knowledge is generated and learning is fostered for the generation of new knowledge; Moreover, research links the university to society. Being an essential, substantive function, research becomes the duty of universities. For this reason HEIs should develop research capabilities in students and incorporate its practice as a learning-teaching strategy into the curriculum.
Sem dúvida, a investigação é uma actividade imprescindível para o crescimento educativo mundial, além do seu impacto no progresso significativo enquanto sociedade e país, não só em termos de qualidade académica, mas em todos os aspectos da vida quotidiana. A investigação é uma função essencial das Instituições de Ensino Superior, IES, e constitui um elemento fundamental no processo educativo, porque através dela se gera conhecimento e se propicia a aprendizagem para a geração de novos saberes; Além disso, a investigação liga a universidade à sociedade. Sendo uma função essencial, substantiva, a investigação torna-se o dever das universidades. Por esta razão as IES devem desenvolver capacidades de investigação em estudantes e incorporar a sua prática como estratégia de aprendizagem-ensino no currículo.
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HumanosRESUMO
RESUMO As medidas de cessação tabágica mostram resultados positivos na diminuição da morbidade e mortalidade associadas ao consumo do tabaco. Esses programas possuem maior eficácia quando se adequam às especificidades dos tabagistas. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as diferenças de sexo em uma amostra de 100 fumantes portugueses, através da administração de um questionário sócio-demográfico e clínico. Observaram-se diferenças de sexo no número de cigarros consumidos por dia, no momento do dia e no contexto social de maior consumo, no residir com fumantes, na pressão social para deixar de fumar e no sono. As implicações clínicas dos resultados foram discutidas no sentido de otimizar a prestação dos serviços de saúde em contexto de cessação tabágica.
ABSTRACT Smoking cessation programs reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with tobacco consumption. Such programs are more effective when they are tailored to the specific characteristics of smokers. In this study we analyze sex differences within a group of 100 portuguese smokers, by administering a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire. The results show sex differences in the number of cigarettes smoked per day, in the time of day and the social contexts connected with greater consumption, in co-habitation with other smokers, in response to social pressures to quit smoking, and in incidence of sleep problems. We discuss the implications of the results for the optimization of the smoking cessation programs offered in healthcare settings.
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ResumenIntroducción: Las quemaduras son un problema de salud pública ubicado dentro de las 20 principales causas de morbilidad en México. Uno de los grupos más vulnerables son los niños. Al realizar un análisis de los casos, se aporta para un mejor entendimiento del problema y pueden generarse medidas preventivas al respecto. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el perfil epidemiológico de niños con quemaduras que ingresan a la Unidad de Niños con Quemaduras del Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó características demográficas del lesionado, de sus padres y de las quemaduras de niños atendidos durante 2009 a 2011. El análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo mediante el cálculo de frecuencias absolutas, proporciones e intervalos de confianza de 95%.Resultados: El perfil epidemiológico de los niños lesionados fue principalmente de varones (63.4%) menores de cinco años de edad (65.2%), con escolaridad de acuerdo con su edad (69.2%); hijos de padres menores de 35 años con escolaridad básica. Las lesiones fueron causadas por agua (56.2%) durante el lapso de las 12 p.m. a las 11:59 p.m. (73.0%) produciendo quemaduras de segundo grado superficial y profundo o menores (69.2%) que afectaron menos del 20% de la superficie corporal total (74.5%).Conclusiones: Este perfil epidemiológico permite ampliar el panorama de las acciones preventivas, iniciando con investigaciones científicas que orienten el rumbo que se debe seguir, trabajando conjuntamente con instituciones públicas y privadas en la elaboración de programas y estrategias, así como el establecimiento de una política pública para lesiones no intencionales.
AbstractBackground: Burns are a public health problem, ranking among the 20 principal causes of morbidity in Mexico. Children are a more vulnerable group to suffer from these injuries. For that reason, we analyzed cases in order to gain a better comprehension and to propose preventive measures for this problem. The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological profile of those injuries to allow us to plan and implement actions for burn prevention.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study that included demographic characteristics of the child, the parents and the burn injuries from children treated at this Burn Unit. Statistical analysis was done to calculate amounts, proportions and 95% confidence intervals.Results: The epidemiological profile of the injuries included males (63.4%) <5 years of age (65.2%) with educational level according to their age (56.2%). Parents of the included children were <35 years old with basic educational level. Burns were caused by hot water (56.2%) and occurred between noon and midnight (73.0%). The majority of the burns were shallow and deep second-degree or minor (69.2%) and affected <20% of body surface area (74.5%).Conclusions: This epidemiological profile paved the way for preventive actions beginning with scientific research to guide the actions in a progressive direction along with the cooperative actions of public and private institutions in the development of programs and strategies. The end result would be the establishment of a public policy for accidental injuries.
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BACKGROUND: Burns are a public health problem, ranking among the 20 principal causes of morbidity in Mexico. Children are a more vulnerable group to suffer from these injuries. For that reason, we analyzed cases in order to gain a better comprehension and to propose preventive measures for this problem. The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological profile of those injuries to allow us to plan and implement actions for burn prevention. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study that included demographic characteristics of the child, the parents and the burn injuries from children treated at this Burn Unit. Statistical analysis was done to calculate amounts, proportions and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The epidemiological profile of the injuries included males (63.4%) <5 years of age (65.2%) with educational level according to their age (56.2%). Parents of the included children were <35 years old with basic educational level. Burns were caused by hot water (56.2%) and occurred between noon and midnight (73.0%). The majority of the burns were shallow and deep second-degree or minor (69.2%) and affected <20% of body surface area (74.5%). CONCLUSIONS: This epidemiological profile paved the way for preventive actions beginning with scientific research to guide the actions in a progressive direction along with the cooperative actions of public and private institutions in the development of programs and strategies. The end result would be the establishment of a public policy for accidental injuries.
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La Artritis Reumatoidea (AR) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que se asocia a disminución de la capacidad funcional, de la calidad de vida y aumento de la mortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la mortalidad en una cohorte de pacientes con AR, y la influencia de factores sociodemográficos, clínicos y de laboratorio. Pacientes y métodos: Se analizó una cohorte de pacientes con diagnóstico de AR, (criterios ACR 87), evaluados entre los años 2004 y 2010. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos, características de la enfermedad, clínicas, analíticas, tratamientos recibidos y comorbilidades. Radiografías de manos y pies fueron leídas por medio del índice de Sharp van der Heijde por 3 observadores independientes ciegos (CCI ≥0,8). En caso de discontinuación del seguimiento, se realizó contacto telefónico. Se identificaron los pacientes fallecidos durante el período estudiado y se determinó la causa de muerte. Análisis estadístico: Estadística descriptiva, para la comparación de datos categóricos se utilizó test de Chi2 o test exacto de Fisher y para las variables continuas test t de Student o Mann Whitney según la distribución de la muestra. Los factores asociados a mortalidad se analizaron por regresión logística múltiple. Se consideró significativa una p <0,05. Resultados: Se evaluaron 307 pacientes, de los cuales 45 perdieron seguimiento y 262 pudieron ser reevaluados a los 5 años de seguimiento. De los 262 pacientes, 86,3% eran de sexo femenino, la edad mediana fue de 58 años (RIC 50-67), la edad mediana al inicio de la AR fue de 40 años (RIC 31-50) con un tiempo mediano de evolución de 15 años (RIC 10-21). 17 pacientes (6,5%) fallecieron. En el análisis univariado, mayor edad, menor escolaridad, presencia de comorbilidades gastrointestinales y uso de tratamiento biológico, estuvieron significativamente asociados con mayor mortalidad...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that isassociated with decreased functional capacity, quality of life andincreased mortality. The aim of this study was to assess mortality ina cohort of patients with RA, and the influence of sociodemographic,clinical and laboratory factors.Patients and methods: A cohort of patients diagnosed withRA was evaluated (ACR' 87 criteria) between 2004 and 2010.Sociodemographic data, disease characteristics, clinical, laboratory,treatment received and comorbidities were collected. Radiographsof hands and feet were read by the Sharp van der HeijdeScore by 3 independent observers (ICC ≥0.8) blinded for diseasecharacteristics. If discontinuation of follow-up was present,telephone contact was made. Deceased patients were identifiedduring the study period and the cause of death was determined.Statistical analysis: Chi2 test or Fisher exact test were used forcategorical variables and Student t test or Mann Whitney forcontinues variables. Factors associated with mortality wereanalyzed by multiple logistic regression. P value <0.05 wasconsidered significative.Results: 307 patients were evaluated, of whom 45 were lost tofollow-up and 262 were reassessed after 5 years of follow-up. Of the262 patients, 86.3% were female, median age was 58 years (IQR 50-67), the median age at onset of RA was 40 years (IQR 31-50) with amedian disease duration of 15 years (IQR 10-21). Seventeen patients(6.5%) died. In univariate analysis, older age, lower education, presenceof gastrointestinal comorbidities and use of biological treatmentwere significantly associated with higher mortality. In multiple logisticregression analysis, worse educational level and use of biologicaltreatment were significantly associated with mortality...
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Humanos , Artrite Reumatoide , Mortalidade , Reumatologia , ArgentinaRESUMO
Estudo descritivo, com os objetivos de verificar fatores motivacionais à adesão na higienização das mãos por equipe de Enfermagem de hospital público de Londrina, PR, Brasil, em 2012, e de propor estratégias para sua melhoria. Participaram 135 profissionais de Enfermagem, que forneceram informações sobre identificação profissional, educação permanente e realização da higienização das mãos. A motivação para adesão à higiene das mãos esteve vinculada à satisfação na vida pessoal de 45 (33,3%) e no trabalho de 58 (42,9%), assim como a autonomia à realização dos cuidados de Enfermagem por 76 (56,3%). Os fatores motivacionais influenciadores na adesão à prática de higienização das mãos foram: desenvolvimento/crescimento profissional, interesse pelo trabalho, flexibilidade para priorizar as ações de cuidado, autonomia e participação nas decisões. Estes devem ser considerados no planejamento da educação permanente para melhoria da adesão à higienização das mãos, bem como a qualidade da assistência prestada...
This descriptive study aimed to verify factors which motivate compliance with hand hygiene on the part of the nursing team in a publichospital in Londrina, PR, Brazil, in 2012, and to propose strategies for improving this. A total of 135 nursing professionals participated,providing information on professional identification, continuing education, and the undertaking of hand hygiene. Themotivation for complying with hand hygiene was linked to satisfaction in personal life for 45 (33.3%) and to satisfaction inthe work for 58 (42.9%), as well as to autonomy for undertaking the nursing care, for 76 (56.3%). The motivational factorswhich influence compliance with the practice of hand hygiene were: professional development/growth, interest in the work,flexibility for prioritizing the care actions, autonomy, and participation in the decisions. These must be taken into accountin planning the continuing education, so as to improve compliance with hand hygiene, as well as the quality of the careprovided...
Estudio descriptivo, cuyos objetivos fueron verificar factores motivacionales a la adhesión a la higiene de las manos por equipo deenfermería en hospital público de Londrina, PR, Brasil, en 2012, y proponer estrategias para su mejoría. Participaron 135 profesionalesde enfermería, que fornecieron informaciones sobre identificación profesional, educación permanente y realización de la higiene de lasmanos. La motivación para adhesión a la higiene de las manos estuvo vinculada a la satisfacción en la vida personal, 45 (33,3%); y enel trabajo, 58 (42,9%); y autonomía en la realización de la atención de enfermería, 76 (56,3%). Los factores motivacionales que fueron:desarrollo/crecimiento profesional, interés por el trabajo, flexibilidad para priorizar las acciones de cuidado, autonomía y participaciónen las decisiones. Estos deben ser considerados en el planeamiento de la educación permanente para mejoría de la adhesión a la higienede las manos, así como la calidad de la asistencia prestada...
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Humanos , Assepsia , Desinfecção das Mãos , Equipe de Enfermagem , MotivaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Analyze risk factors for drowning deaths in tanks, from home, for children between one and four years, residents of the metropolitan area of Guadalajara and the neighboring municipalities in the period 2009-2011. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Case-control study, 28 children (cases) between one and four years old, whose cause of death was drowning in the well of your home, from 2009-2011, in the metropolitan zone of Guadalajara and the neighboring municipalities, and 113 children (controls) of the same age, if neighbors whose homes had cistern. Deaths were classified with W73 and W74 codes from International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD 10th). A questionnaire for variables: age and sex of child; age, marital status, occupation and education of the household head and mother; housing conditions; and location, type and segurity cistern lid, and forms the removal of water therefrom. RESULTS: The rate of drowning deaths, age-specific, was 2.7 deaths per 100,000 children between one and four years of age during the study period. The ages of two and three years had the greatest risk of drowning. Sex had a predominance of children, two girls one over. The heads of families and mothers of cases were younger (< 29 years), with maximum secondary schooling. Most of the houses had not finished complete. The characteristics of de well, as metal lid,foil or plastic, the lack of assurance of the tank and the location of the cover, crossing sites, showed association with death by drowning. The absence of a pump to draw water in cases the proved statistically more significant with p = 0.002. CONCLUSION: The results of our study show the presence of drowning deaths in children between one and four years associated with the type of cistern cover, the locking mechanism, a way of extracting the water and the location of the well, and thus the need to implement preventive measures in education and engineering, to reduce or avoid the risk of death by suffocation in the study group.
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Afogamento/mortalidade , Poços de Água , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to validate a food photograph album (FPA) as a tool to visually estimate food amounts, and to compare this estimation with that attained through the use of measuring cups (MC) and food models (FM). We tested 163 foods over fifteen sessions (thirty subjects/session; 10-12 foods presented in two portion sizes, 20-24 plates/session). In each session, subjects estimated food amounts with the assistance of FPA, MC and FM. We compared (by portion and method) the mean estimated weight and the mean real weight. We also compared the percentage error estimation for each portion, and the mean food percentage error estimation between methods. In addition, we determined the percentage error estimation of each method. We included 463 adolescents from three public high schools (mean age 17·1 (sd 1·2) years, 61·8 % females). All foods were assessed using FPA, 53·4 % of foods were assessed using MC, and FM was used for 18·4 % of foods. The mean estimated weight with all methods was statistically different compared with the mean real weight for almost all foods. However, a lower percentage error estimation was observed using FPA (2·3 v. 56·9 % for MC and 325 % for FM, P< 0·001). Also, when analysing error rate ranges between methods, there were more observations (P< 0·001) with estimation errors higher than 40 % with the MC (56·1 %), than with the FPA (27·5 %) and FM (44·9 %). In conclusion, although differences between estimated and real weight were statistically significant for almost all foods, comparisons between methods showed FPA to be the most accurate tool for estimating food amounts.
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Recursos Audiovisuais , Alimentos , Adolescente , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Fotografação , Percepção de TamanhoRESUMO
AIM: To analyze the mortality trend by accidental falls in Mexico, from 1979 to 2010. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used official mortality data in México. Variables included were mortality cause, place of lesion, age, sex, year of mortality registration, size of the town of occurrence, state, occupation, workplace falls. RESULTS: During that period, 124,509 deaths by accidental and intentional falls were registered; of these 77.03% were men. From 1989 (3.20 per 100,000) to 2010 (1.99 per 100,000), the mortality trend was falling (ß = -0.053/ 100,000, p ≤ 0.001). In the majority of states, we found a decreased between 1993-1997 and 2006 to 2010, except in Aguascalientes, Puebla, Baja California Sur, Durango and Nuevo León. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in México that showed the descending trend of mortality in accidental falls in the last two decades.
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Acidentes por Quedas/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Análise por Conglomerados , Feminino , Fraturas Espontâneas/epidemiologia , Homicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Homicídio/tendências , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade/tendências , Traumatismos Ocupacionais/mortalidade , Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Suicídio/tendências , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Identifying the work environment and health of children working in the Felipe Angeles market in Guadalajara. METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive study which included 198 children working in the aforementioned market. A questionnaire was used which asked about the sociodemographic variables, the work environment and the health of such children. RESULTS: The children working in the market were predominantly male (89.9 %), aged 6 to 17 years old, residing in Guadalajara; 71 % were attending school. 83 % of the children had started working in the market between 7 to 10 years old and 75 % had worked there for 1 year or more. Workdays lasted all week, without rest in 50 % of the cases. The children perceived health risks as concerning abrasion, contusion, fractures, being run over and other psychosocial types related to becoming the victims of theft or becoming addicts. CONCLUSIONS: The children's work environment and health were not suitable for their age and affected their physical and psychosocial state as the site had deficient architecture making it impossible to carry out activities appropriate for their age and provoked workplace risk for which there was no prevention.