RESUMO
Knowledge of the associated mutations to transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) constitutes a fundamental premise in epidemiological surveillance. In this present study, TDR from 200 Cuban patients who were diagnosed with HIV-1 between 2009 and 2011 was analyzed. By partial reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing of the HIV pol gene, an HIV subtype and transmitted resistance profile were determined. The prevalence of associated mutations to the TDR in the individuals studied was 21.5%. In the region of the reverse transcriptase, the most common mutations were K103N and M184V, while in the region of the protease they were L33F and M46L. The results of this study provide evidence of TDR in the Cuban seropositive population and suggest the necessity of making resistance assays before beginning antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected patients in Cuba.
Assuntos
Farmacorresistência Viral , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , HIV-1/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Adulto , Cuba , Feminino , Protease de HIV/genética , Transcriptase Reversa do HIV/genética , HIV-1/classificação , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Produtos do Gene pol do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/genéticaRESUMO
Knowledge of the genetic diversity of HIV-1 constitutes a fundamental premise in the epidemiological surveillance. In the present study, the HIV-1 genetic variability from 142 Cuban patients who were diagnosed with HIV-1 infection during 2009 and 2010 was determined. HIV-1 subtypes were determined by partial RT-PCR and sequencing of the HIV-1 pol gene. The phylogenetic analysis showed that 47 (33.1 %) samples were subtypes B and 95 (66.9 %) were non-B subtypes, where G, H, and C subtypes, as well as the recombinant forms CRF19_cpx, CRF18_cpx, and CRFs BG, were included. The circulation of CRF05_DF was detected for the first time in Cuba. The analyses of recombinants showed the presence of recombinant CRF18_cpx/CRF19_cpx. The study confirms the high genetic diversity of HIV-1 and the circulation of new genetic variants in the studied population, which indicates the importance of maintaining constant epidemiological surveillance in Cuba.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/genética , Adulto , Cuba , Feminino , HIV-1/classificação , Humanos , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , FilogeniaRESUMO
Se investigó un total de 240 cepas de Shigella, procedentes de los Centros Provinciales de Higiene y Epidemiología, durante el período de enero a diciembre de 2002. Estas especies constituyen los microorganismos aislados con mayor frecuencia de infecciones diarreicas agudas en los países en vías de desarrollo y en Cuba. Mediante el estudio de diferentes marcadores fenotípicos y genotípicos como: serotipaje, estudios de resistencia a drogas antimicrobianas y perfil plasmídico, se investigó la relación epidemiológica de las cepas en estudio. Los serogrupos predominantes fueron: S. flexneri 142 (59 %) y S. sonnei 76 cepas (32 %). El comportamiento de la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana mostró 79,2 % de cepas resistentes. Al analizar el comportamiento de S. flexneri según la región de origen, el perfil de resistencia y el perfil plasmídico se realizaron 2 agrupamientos y en el serogrupo S. sonnei se encontraron 5 agrupamientos. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la heterogeneidad genética en las cepas de Shigella que circulan en el país.
240 Shigella strains from the Provincial Centers of Hygine and Epidemiology were investigated from Janaury to December, 2002. These species are the isolated microorganisms with the highest frequency of acute diarrheal infections in the developing countries and in Cuba. By the study of different phenotypic and genotypic markers as serotyping, studies of resistance to antimicrobial drugs and plasmidic profile, the epidemiological relation of the strains under study was analyzed. The predominating serogroups were: 142 S. flexneri (59 %) and 76 S. sonnei strains (32 %). The antimicrobial susceptibility behavior showed 79.2 % of resistant strains. The resistance phenotypes most frequently found were: streptomycin, trimethropim-sulfamethoxazole: 71 (37.4 %); ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, tetracycline, trimethroprim-sulfametoxazole, cloramphenicol: 24 (12.7 %); ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactram, streptomycin, tetracycline, amoxicyllin- clavulanic acid, trimethropim-sulfametoxazole: 18 (9.5%). The plasmidic profiles detected in the S. flexneri serogrup were 6. Each profile contained between 2 and 7 plasmides and they were excluding. The diversity index was (ID 0.85), whereas in the S. sonnei serogroup there were 8 different profiles. Each one had between 2 and 8 plasmides with ID (0.86). On analyzing the behavior of S. flexneri according to the region of origen, the resistance profile and the plasmidic profile, 2 groupings were created.and 5 groupings were found in the S. sonnei serogroup. The results obtained showed the genetic heterogeneity in the Shigella strains that circulate in the country.