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Fucosyltransferases (Fut) regulate the fucosylation process associated with tumorogenesis in different cancer types. Ascitic fluid (AF) from patients diagnosed with advanced stage of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is considered as a dynamic tumor microenvironment associated with poor prognosis. Previous studies from our laboratory showed increased fucosylation in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3, cancer-derived cell lines, when these cells were incubated with AFs derived from patients diagnosed with EOC. In the present work we studied three fucosyltransferases (Fut 2, Fut 4, and Fut 8) in SKOV-3, OVCAR-3 and CAOV-3 cell lines in combination with five different AFs from patients diagnosed with this disease, confirming that all tested AFs increased fucosylation. Then, we demonstrate that mRNAs of these three enzymes were overexpressed in the three cell lines under treatment with AFs. SKOV-3 showed the higher overexpression of Fut 2, Fut 4, and Fut 8 in comparison with the control condition. We further confirmed, in the SKOV-3 cell line, by endpoint PCR, WB, and confocal microscopy, that the three enzymes were overexpressed, being Fut 4 the most overexpressed enzyme compared to Fut 2 and Fut 8. These enzymes were concentrated in vesicular structures with a homogeneous distribution pattern throughout the cytoplasm. Moreover, we found that among the three enzymes, only Fut 4 was located inside the nuclei. The nuclear location of Fut 4 was confirmed for the three cell lines. These results allow to propose Fut 2, Fut 4, and Fut 8 as potential targets for EOC treatment or as diagnostic tools for this disease.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ovarianas , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário , Líquido Ascítico/metabolismo , Líquido Ascítico/patologia , Galactosídeo 2-alfa-L-Fucosiltransferase , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Fucosiltransferases/genética , Fucosiltransferases/metabolismo , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is the most aggressive gynecological malignancy. Transcriptional regulators impact the tumor phenotype and, consequently, clinical progression and response to therapy. PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1 (PHF20L1) is a transcriptional regulator with several isoforms, and studies on its role in ovarian cancer are limited. We previously reported that PHF20L1 is expressed as a fucosylated protein in SKOV-3 cells stimulated with ascites from patients with ovarian cancer. METHODS: We decided to analyze the expression of PHF20L1 in ovarian cancer tissues, determine whether a correlation exists between PHF20L1 expression and patient clinical data, and analyze whether ascites can modulate the different isoforms of this protein. Ovarian cancer biopsies from 29 different patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of the isoforms in ovarian cancer cells with or without exposure to the tumor microenvironment, i.e., the ascitic fluid, was determined by western blotting assays. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical results suggest that PHF20L1 exhibits increased expression in sections of tumor tissues from patients with ovarian cancer and that higher PHF20L1 expression correlates with shorter progression-free survival and shorter overall survival. Furthermore, western blotting assays determined that protein isoforms are differentially regulated in SKOV-3 cells in response to stimulation with ascites from patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that PHF20L1 could play a relevant role in ovarian cancer given that higher PHF20L1 protein expression is associated with lower overall patient survival.
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This work presents a hybrid visual-based SLAM architecture that aims to take advantage of the strengths of each of the two main methodologies currently available for implementing visual-based SLAM systems, while at the same time minimizing some of their drawbacks. The main idea is to implement a local SLAM process using a filter-based technique, and enable the tasks of building and maintaining a consistent global map of the environment, including the loop closure problem, to use the processes implemented using optimization-based techniques. Different variants of visual-based SLAM systems can be implemented using the proposed architecture. This work also presents the implementation case of a full monocular-based SLAM system for unmanned aerial vehicles that integrates additional sensory inputs. Experiments using real data obtained from the sensors of a quadrotor are presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Robótica , Dispositivos Aéreos não TripuladosRESUMO
To obtain autonomy in applications that involve Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), the capacity of self-location and perception of the operational environment is a fundamental requirement. To this effect, GPS represents the typical solution for determining the position of a UAV operating in outdoor and open environments. On the other hand, GPS cannot be a reliable solution for a different kind of environments like cluttered and indoor ones. In this scenario, a good alternative is represented by the monocular SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) methods. A monocular SLAM system allows a UAV to operate in a priori unknown environment using an onboard camera to simultaneously build a map of its surroundings while at the same time locates itself respect to this map. So, given the problem of an aerial robot that must follow a free-moving cooperative target in a GPS denied environment, this work presents a monocular-based SLAM approach for cooperative UAV-Target systems that addresses the state estimation problem of (i) the UAV position and velocity, (ii) the target position and velocity, (iii) the landmarks positions (map). The proposed monocular SLAM system incorporates altitude measurements obtained from an altimeter. In this case, an observability analysis is carried out to show that the observability properties of the system are improved by incorporating altitude measurements. Furthermore, a novel technique to estimate the approximate depth of the new visual landmarks is proposed, which takes advantage of the cooperative target. Additionally, a control system is proposed for maintaining a stable flight formation of the UAV with respect to the target. In this case, the stability of control laws is proved using the Lyapunov theory. The experimental results obtained from real data as well as the results obtained from computer simulations show that the proposed scheme can provide good performance.
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BACKGROUND: Rhus trilobata Nutt. (Anacardiaceae) (RHTR) is a plant of Mexico that is traditionally used as an alternative treatment for several types of cancer. However, the phytochemical composition and potential toxicity of this plant have not been evaluated to support its therapeutic use. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the biological activity of RHTR against colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, determine its possible acute toxicity, and analyze its phytochemical composition. METHODS: The traditional preparation was performed by decoction of stems in distilled water (aqueous extract, AE), and flavonoids were concentrated with C18-cartridges and ethyl acetate (flavonoid fraction, FF). The biological activity was evaluated by MTT viability curves and the TUNEL assay in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CACO-2), ovarian epithelium (CHO-K1) and lung/bronchus epithelium (BEAS-2B) cells. The toxicological effect was determined in female BALB/c mice after 24 h and 14 days of intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg/kg AE and FF, respectively. Later, the animals were sacrificed for histopathological observation of organs and sera obtained by retro-orbital bleeding for biochemical marker analysis. Finally, the phytochemical characterization of AE and FF was conducted by UPLC-MSE. RESULTS: In the MTT assays, AE and FF at 5 and 18 µg/mL decreased the viability of CACO-2 cells compared with cells treated with vehicle or normal cells (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA), with changes in cell morphology and the induction of apoptosis. Anatomical and histological analysis of organs did not reveal important pathological lesions at the time of assessment. Additionally, biochemical markers remained normal and showed no differences from those of the control group after 24 h and 14 days of treatment (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA). Finally, UPLC-MSE analysis revealed 173 compounds in AE-RHTR, primarily flavonoids, fatty acids and phenolic acids. The most abundant compounds in AE and FF were quercetin and myricetin derivates (glycosides), methyl gallate, epigallocatechin-3-cinnamate, ß-PGG, fisetin and margaric acid, which might be related to the anticancer properties of RHTR. CONCLUSION: RHTR exhibits biological activity against cancer cells and does not present adverse toxicological effects during its in vivo administration, supporting its traditional use.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/análise , Rhus/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/análise , Células CHO , Células CACO-2 , Cricetulus , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Feminino , Flavonoides/análise , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , México , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Polifenóis/análise , Rhus/toxicidadeRESUMO
Ovarian cancer is considered to be the most lethal type of gynecological cancer. During the advanced stages of ovarian cancer, an accumulation of ascites is observed. Fucosylation has been classified as an abnormal post-translational modification that is present in many diseases, including ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer cells that are cultured with ascites stimulation change their morphology; concomitantly, the fucosylation process is altered. However, it is not known which fucosylated proteins are modified. The goal of this work was to identify the differentially fucosylated proteins that are expressed by ovarian cancer cell lines that are cultured with ovarian cancer patients' ascites. Aleuria aurantia lectin was used to detect fucosylation, and some changes were observed, especially in the cell membrane. Affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) were used to identify 6 fucosylated proteins. Four proteins (Intermediate filament family orphan 1 [IFFO1], PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1 [PHF20L1], immunoglobulin gamma 1 heavy chain variable region partial [IGHV1-2], and Zinc finger protein 224 [ZNF224]) were obtained from cell cultures stimulated with ascites, and the other two proteins (Peregrin [BRPF1] and Dystrobrevin alpha [DTNA]) were obtained under normal culture conditions. The fucosylated state of some of these proteins was further analyzed. The experimental results show that the ascites of ovarian cancer patients modulated the fucosylation process. The PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1, Zinc finger protein 224 and Peregrin proteins colocalize with fucosylation at different levels.
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In this work, the problem of the cooperative visual-based SLAM for the class of multi-UA systems that integrates a lead agent has been addressed. In these kinds of systems, a team of aerial robots flying in formation must follow a dynamic lead agent, which can be another aerial robot, vehicle or even a human. A fundamental problem that must be addressed for these kinds of systems has to do with the estimation of the states of the aerial robots as well as the state of the lead agent. In this work, the use of a cooperative visual-based SLAM approach is studied in order to solve the above problem. In this case, three different system configurations are proposed and investigated by means of an intensive nonlinear observability analysis. In addition, a high-level control scheme is proposed that allows to control the formation of the UAVs with respect to the lead agent. In this work, several theoretical results are obtained, together with an extensive set of computer simulations which are presented in order to numerically validate the proposal and to show that it can perform well under different circumstances (e.g., GPS-challenging environments). That is, the proposed method is able to operate robustly under many conditions providing a good position estimation of the aerial vehicles and the lead agent as well.
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This work presents a cooperative monocular-based SLAM approach for multi-UAV systems that can operate in GPS-denied environments. The main contribution of the work is to show that, using visual information obtained from monocular cameras mounted onboard aerial vehicles flying in formation, the observability properties of the whole system are improved. This fact is especially notorious when compared with other related visual SLAM configurations. In order to improve the observability properties, some measurements of the relative distance between the UAVs are included in the system. These relative distances are also obtained from visual information. The proposed approach is theoretically validated by means of a nonlinear observability analysis. Furthermore, an extensive set of computer simulations is presented in order to validate the proposed approach. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed system is able to provide a good position and orientation estimation of the aerial vehicles flying in formation.
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Introducción Las copas de doble movilidad son implantes en que se introduce una cabeza protésica en un núcleo de polietileno, el cual posteriormente se articula con una copa metálica implantada en el acetábulo. Este tipo de diseño desarrollado en Francia desde la década de 1970ha demostrado disminuir el riesgo de luxación en un remplazo total de cadera. Estas copas han sido utilizadas históricamente de forma no cementada. No obstante, actualmente se pueden utilizar copas cementadas. Los objetivos de este estudio son determinar la sobrevida de las copas de doble movilidad cementadas y medir la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Materiales y métodos Se realiza un estudio multicéntrico retrospectivo, cuya indicación para la cirugía sea fracturas (61,5%), artrosis (34,6%) o tumores (3,8%). El análisis se realizó con los pacientes operados entre los años 2011-2013 y se encontraron 82 caderas operadas con copas de doble movilidad cementadas con un promedio de edad de 76 años. Resultados Se revisó una copa de doble movilidad por infección; por tanto, se obtuvo una sobrevida del 97,6% con un promedio de tiempo de seguimiento de 33,7 (29,7-37,7) meses con un IC 95%, y un promedio en la escala de Oxford de 38,2 (34,8-41,7) con un IC 95%. Discusión Se pudo concluir que la tasa de sobrevida es óptima para el tiempo de seguimiento y el puntaje promedio en la escala de Oxford es bueno si se tienen en cuenta las comorbilidades y la media de edad de los pacientes. Nivel de evidencia clínica. Nivel IV.
Background The dual mobility cups are implants where a prosthetic head is introduced into a polyethylene core, which is subsequently articulated with a metal cup to be implanted in the acetabulum. This type of design developed in France since the seventies has shown to decrease the risk of dislocation in total hip replacement. These cups have been used historically cementless, however now can be use cemented. The objectives are to determine the survival of double cemented mobility cups and to measure the quality of life of patients. Materials and methods A retrospective multicenter study was made. Patients who underwent primary surgery and whose indication for surgery is fractures (61.5%), osteoarthritis (34.6%) or tumors (3.8%) were included. The analysis was performed with patients operated between 2011 and 2013. Results The study was based in 82 hips operated with dual mobility cemented cups with a patient's average age of 76 (13.4) years old. A dual mobility cup was checked for infection therefore obtaining a survival rate of 97.6% and an average follow up of 33.7 months with 95% CI (29,7-37,7) and an average in the Oxford scale of 38.2 with 95% CI (34,8-41,7) Discussion It was concluded that the survival rate is optimal taking into account the follow up time and the average score on Oxford scale were good considering comorbidities and the average age of patients. Evidence level. IV.
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Artroplastia de Quadril , Osteoartrite , Qualidade de Vida , Fraturas Ósseas , Prótese de QuadrilRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic disease due to delayed diagnosis, and ascites production is a characteristic of patients in advanced stages. The aim of this study was to perform the proteomic analysis of ascitic fluids of Mexican patients with ovarian carcinoma, in order to detect proteins with a differential expression pattern in the continuing search to identify biomarkers for this disease. METHODS: Samples were collected from 50 patients from the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología of México under informed consent and with approval of the bioethics and scientific committees. After elimination of abundant proteins (Albumin/IgGs) samples were processed for 2D electrophoresis and further protein identification by Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Molecules of interest were followed by western blot and lectin binding assays, and their tissue location by histo-immunofluorescence and confocal analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: An area with a differential expression pattern among samples was located in the 2D gels. Identified proteins were 6 alpha 1 isoforms and 1 alpha 2 isoform of Haptoglobin, and 2 isoforms of Transthyretin. While Transthyretin isoforms were constitutively expressed in all samples, clear differences in the expression pattern of Haptoglobin alpha isoforms were found. Moreover, increased levels of fucosylation of Haptoglobin alpha isoforms analyzed in 40 samples by Aleuria aurantia lectin binding by 1D overlay assay showed a positive correlation with advanced stages of the disease. Tissue detection of Haptoglobin and its fucosylated form, by histo-immunofluorescence in biopsies of ovarian cancer, also showed a correlation with ovarian cancer progression. Moreover, results show that fucosylated Haptoglobin is produced by tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS: Increased numbers of highly fucosylated Haptoglobin alpha isoforms in ascitic fluids and the presence of fucosylated Haptoglobin in tumor tissues of ovarian cancer Mexican patients associated with advanced stages of the disease, reinforce the potential of fucosylated Haptoglobin alpha isoforms to be characterized as biomarkers for disease progression.
Assuntos
Líquido Ascítico/química , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Carcinoma/química , Fucose/análise , Haptoglobinas/análise , Neoplasias Ovarianas/química , Proteômica , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Western Blotting , Carcinoma/patologia , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Feminino , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , México , Microscopia Confocal , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Isoformas de Proteínas , Proteômica/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
La E.S.E. Hospital San Rafael de Fusagasuga en Cundinamarca, presta servicios en los niveles I, II y algunos del III nivel de atención, para alrededor de 200.000 y 300.000 usuarios potenciales de la región del Sumapaz, los cuales pertenecen a diversos regímenes de salud y poseen diferentes beneficios de atención. Dentro de los problemas actuales del Hospital se encuentra que los procesos y procedimientos están desactualizados, y que se tiene un sistema de información insuficiente y desintegrado, lo que lleva a la inadecuada gestión dentro de las áreas, ineficiente prestación de los servicios de salud, aumento de las glosas y de los costos operativos; todo ello se traduce en insatisfacción de los usuarios por múltiples razones entre ellas, la insuficiente información acerca de los trámites concernientes a la atención, los largos períodos de espera en asignación de citas y consecución de documentos, además de los excesivos filtros para acceder a los servicios. Por otro lado, se hace necesario que la administración del Hospital tenga conocimiento de las necesidades tanto internas como las de la población, mediante indicadores que reflejen la situación real de la organización y de la comunidad, para poder destinar los recursos al fortalecimiento de los servicios más requeridos por la población, a la implementación de medidas de control de la gestión en las diferentes áreas, a la redefinición de funciones de su personal; finalmente esto será un gran aporte para la región, ya que con la adecuada intervención del sector salud se contribuye al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de la población. Por lo tanto se propone realizar el montaje y puesta en marcha del sistema integrado de información para la E.S.E. Hospital San Rafael de Fusagasugá en un término de dieciocho meses, por medio del diseño e implementación de un software modular, con un costo aproximado de seiscientos veinte millones de pesos. Paralelamente se desarrollarán los proyectos de definición y doc.
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Centros de Informação , Gestão da Informação , Serviços de Informação , Teoria da InformaçãoRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio transversal en niños escolares de la Ciudad de Quito, para medir la presión arterial sistólica, mediante el método auscultatorio con mangos pediátricos adecuados y tensiómetros de mercurio precalibrados. Se tomó la presión a 225 niños varones y mujeres entre seis y doce años, observándose un comportamiento irregular en los grupos de edad, pero generalmente con una tendencia a aumentar la presión en relación directa a la edad. Además se pudo observar que la presión en relación directa a la edad. Además se pudo observar que la presión arterial es mayor en varones que en mujeres. Los valores de presión arterial en niños de Quito (2818 m. s.n.m.) es menor que en otras poblaciones estudiadas en E.E.U.U. y México. Se exponen curvas promedio, cuadros percentilares, curvas comparativas de presión arterial, elaboradas en base a las variables de peso, talla, edad, y sexo.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pressão Sanguínea , Escolaridade , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , EquadorRESUMO
Los injertos óseos estructurales para la reconstrucción acetabular son tema de gran controversia hoy en día. En la literatura encontramos reportes que muestran que los resultados a largo plazo son malos y que son sólo una solución temporal. Con base a esta premisa nosotros revisamos un grupo de 24 pacientes con injertos estructurales con un seguimiento promedio de 12.5 años, rango entre 10 y 18 años y obtuvimos buenos resultados en un 87.5 por ciento. Concluímos que el éxito del resultado esta directamente relacionado con la técnica quirúrgica y que en casos en que no se tenga una opción diferente, los injertos acetabulares estructurales son una solución definitiva siempre y cuando la técnica quirúrgica sea adecuada