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Laparoscopic instrument handles design and dimensions are crucial to determine the configuration of surgeons' hand grip and, therefore, can have a deleterious effect on overall surgical efficiency and surgeons' comfort. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of laparoscopic handle size and hand surface area on surgical task performance. A single-blind, randomized crossover trial was carried out with 29 novice medical students. Participants performed three simulated tasks in "black box" simulators using two scissor-type handles of different sizes. Surgical performance was assessed by the number of errors and time required to complete each task. Hand anthropometric data were measured using a 3D scanner. Execution time was significantly higher when cutting and suturing tasks were performed with the smaller handle. In addition, hand surface area was positively correlated with peg transfer task time when performed with the standard handle and was correlated with cutting task time in small and standard handle groups. We also found positive correlations between execution time and the number of errors executed by larger-handed participants. Our findings indicate that laparoscopic handle size and hand area influence surgical performance, highlighting the importance of considering hand anthropometry variances in surgical instrument design.
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Estudos Cross-Over , Laparoscopia , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Desenho de Equipamento , Adulto , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Mãos/cirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Traditional therapies used to treat chronic wounds are often expensive and, in general, are not adequate to support healing. A promising alternative to conventional dressings is the autologous biopolymer FM, full of cytokines and growth factors that accelerate the healing process of wounds of various etiologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors report 3 cases in which FM was used to treat chronic oncological wounds that had been conventionally treated for more than 6 months with no sign of healing. RESULTS: Among the 3 reported cases, there was complete healing of 2 wounds. The other lesion did not heal, mainly due to the location (at the base of the skull). However, it significantly reduced its area, extension, and depth. No adverse effects or hypertrophic scar formation were recorded, and the patients reported an absence of pain from the second week of FM application. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed FM dressing approach was effective in healing and speeding up tissue regeneration. It can also be considered one of the most versatile delivery systems to the wound bed, as it is an excellent carrier of growth factors and leukocytes.
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Cicatriz Hipertrófica , Cicatrização , Humanos , Bandagens , Biopolímeros/uso terapêutico , Fibrina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Medical thermography provides an overview of the human body with two-dimensional (2D) information that assists the identification of temperature changes, based on the analysis of surface distribution. However, this approach lacks spatial depth information, which can be enhanced by adding multiple images or three-dimensional (3D) systems. Therefore, the methodology applied for this paper generates a 3D point cloud (from thermal infrared images), a 3D geometry model (from CT images), and the segmented inner anatomical structures. Thus, the following computational processing was employed: Structure from Motion (SfM), image registration, and alignment (affine transformation) between the 3D models obtained to combine and unify them. This paper presents the 3D reconstruction and visualization of the respective geometry of the neck/bust and inner anatomical structures (thyroid, trachea, veins, and arteries). Additionally, it shows the whole 3D thermal geometry in different anatomical sections (i.e., coronal, sagittal, and axial), allowing it to be further examined by a medical team, improving pathological assessments. The generation of 3D thermal anatomy models allows for a combined visualization, i.e., functional and anatomical images of the neck region, achieving encouraging results. These 3D models bring correlation of the inner and outer regions, which could improve biomedical applications and future diagnosis with such a methodology.
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Imageamento Tridimensional , Modelos Anatômicos , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Movimento (Física) , Artérias , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por ComputadorRESUMO
The study of muscle contractions generated by the muscle-tendon unit (MTU) plays a critical role in medical diagnoses, monitoring, rehabilitation, and functional assessments, including the potential for movement prediction modeling used for prosthetic control. Over the last decade, the use of combined traditional techniques to quantify information about the muscle condition that is correlated to neuromuscular electrical activation and the generation of muscle force and vibration has grown. The purpose of this review is to guide the reader to relevant works in different applications of ultrasound imaging in combination with other techniques for the characterization of biological signals. Several research groups have been using multi-sensing systems to carry out specific studies in the health area. We can divide these studies into two categories: human-machine interface (HMI), in which sensors are used to capture critical information to control computerized prostheses and/or robotic actuators, and physiological study, where sensors are used to investigate a hypothesis and/or a clinical diagnosis. In addition, the relevance, challenges, and expectations for future work are discussed.
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Músculo Esquelético , Tendões , Humanos , Eletromiografia/métodos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Tendões/diagnóstico por imagem , Tendões/fisiologia , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Ultrassonografia/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, goiter and cancer are some of the dysfunctions that can occur concerning the thyroid, an important body homeostasis regulatory gland located in the cervical region. These disorders are mostly caused by changes in metabolism and can impair quality of life. This study presents a non-invasive approach that can detect changes in thyroid metabolism through the finite element analysis and medical images. The objective of this work was to develop a numerical model to represent the temperature distribution in the human neck with and without the presence of thyroid nodules. The patient-specific computational model for the case with thyroid nodules was calibrated with infrared thermography. METHODS: A three-dimensional geometrical model of the neck was constructed based on the segmentation of magnetic resonance (MR) images. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to simulate heat diffusion and convection in the cervical region. The infrared thermography image was used to calibrate the heat transfer constants to obtain the surface temperature of the human neck model containing the enlarged thyroid with nodules. Subsequently, another case for the entire neck with an abnormally large thyroid without the nodules was simulated using the calibrated physical constants. RESULTS: Results of the simulations with and without the presence of thyroid nodules were compared, showing the influence of the generation of heat from the nodules, allowing observation of the thermal differences on the cervical surface and at the thyroid itself. The model with nodules presented higher skin temperature distribution in the anterior triangle region when compared to the case without nodules. An average of 0.36∘C of absolute error and 1% of relative error was obtained for the calibration between the simulated model and the infrared image. CONCLUSIONS: This research consists of an innovative approach by comparing the results obtained via FEM simulation and the corresponding infrared image of the same neck region under study. Since there are great variability and uncertainties in the determination of the thermal constants, we applied a procedure for calibrating them based on a patient-specific case, which involves a multinodular goiter accompanied by hyperthyroidism. This proof-of-concept study allows the creation of comparative scenarios between the FEM simulations and the corresponding infrared image. Thus, it is expected that, in the future, this approach could be used to include the effect of drugs in the treatment strategies of thyroid diseases and disorders.
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Bócio , Hipertireoidismo , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide , Humanos , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Análise de Elementos Finitos , Temperatura , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Introduction Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies provide a practical and anatomical way to reproduce precise tailored-made models of the patients and of the diseases. Those models can allow surgical planning, besides training and surgical simulation in the treatment of neurosurgical diseases. Objective The aim of the present article is to review the scenario of the development of different types of available 3D printing technologies, the processes involved in the creation of biomodels, and the application of those advances in the neurosurgical field. Methods We searched for papers that addressed the clinical application of 3D printing in neurosurgery on the PubMed, Ebsco, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct databases. All papers related to the use of any additivemanufacturing technique were included in the present study. Results Studies involving 3D printing in neurosurgery are concentrated on threemain areas: (1) creation of anatomical tailored-made models for planning and training; (2) development of devices and materials for the treatment of neurosurgical diseases, and (3) biological implants for tissues engineering. Biomodels are extremely useful in several branches of neurosurgery, and their use in spinal, cerebrovascular, endovascular, neuro-oncological, neuropediatric, and functional surgeries can be highlighted. Conclusions Three-dimensional printing technologies are an exclusive way for direct replication of specific pathologies of the patient. It can identify the anatomical variation and provide a way for rapid construction of training models, allowing the medical resident and the experienced neurosurgeon to practice the surgical steps before the operation.
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Desenho Assistido por Computador , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/instrumentação , Impressão Tridimensional/instrumentação , Modelos Anatômicos , Imageamento Tridimensional/instrumentação , Engenharia Tecidual/instrumentação , Bioimpressão/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) consists of a matrix that provides the necessary elements for wound healing, acting as a biodegradable scaffold for cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, in addition to the delivery of growth factors and angiogenesis. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the autologous PRF in the treatment of wounds of different etiologies. We carried out a systematic review of randomized clinical trials, guided by the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration using the following databases: Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. The search strategy resulted in the inclusion of ten studies that evaluated the use of PRF dressings for the healing of acute or chronic wounds of multiple etiologies. Among the 172 participants treated with PRF in wounds of varying etiologies and different segment times, 130 presented favorable events with the use of the intervention. Among the 10 studies included, only two of them did not demonstrate better results than the control group. The studies showed clinical heterogeneity, making it impossible to perform a meta-analysis. The findings do not provide enough evidence to support the routine use of PRF dressings as the first line of treatment for the healing of acute or chronic wounds of different etiologies. There was great variability in the application of the various protocols and the ways to prepare the PRF, resulting in clinical heterogeneity. Therefore, it makes it impossible to synthesize and to collect evidence from different types of studies in the meta-analysis, which affects the results and their proper discussion.
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Here we described two activities related to Women in Science: one main conference and one symposium, both developed during the Annual Congress of the Brazilian Physiological Society, which were held within the XXXIII Annual Meeting of the Federation of Brazilian Experimental Biology Societies, from September 3-6, 2018, in Campos do Jordão (SP/Brazil). This conference and the symposium were among the most popular activities of the congress. This is important because the activities addressed important issues, including the fact that only 29% of the worlds' researchers are women, and women have difficulty progressing in a scientific career. Our report discusses why and which strategies could change this reality. We believe this symposium has not only contributed to advance and bring insights to physiological sciences, but, more importantly, it inspired and motivated physiologists to think about gender balance and the contribution and participation of women in physiological science.
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Escolha da Profissão , Congressos como Assunto , Identidade de Gênero , Fisiologia/economia , Fisiologia/métodos , Sociedades Científicas , Brasil , Congressos como Assunto/tendências , Feminino , Humanos , Fisiologia/tendências , Sociedades Científicas/tendênciasRESUMO
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of amyloid-ß (Aß), oxidative damage and neuronal degeneration, which, together with other pathological events, promote progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Non-pharmacological strategies have been study to provide some protection against the development of AD. Considering that physical exercise neuroprotective effects on prevention of cognitive deficits are well elucidate, it is important clarify the effects of cognitive training, and verify if they are similar or comparable to those observed for physical exercise. Here we divided male adult Wistar rats in six groups: control, which rats were not submitted to any intervention; Aß, which rats were submitted to hippocampal infusion of Aß; physical exercise (PE), which rats were submitted to 4 weeks of PE training; PE + Aß, which rats were submitted to 4 weeks of PE training followed by hippocampal infusion of Aß; cognitive exercise (CE), which rats were submitted to 4 weeks of CE training; and, CE + Aß, which rats were submitted to 4 weeks of CE training followed by hippocampal infusion of Aß. Ten days after Aß infusion, short (STM) and long-term (LTM) object recognition memory, as well as hippocampal oxidative stress (ROS levels by DCFH test), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and hippocampal histology were evaluated. Both PE and CE were effective in protect cognitive function against memory deficits related to Aß neurotoxicity, preventing oxidative stress and damage and hippocampal cellular disorganization. So, cognitive training seems to be as good as physical training in the prevention of memory deficits related to Aß and seems to share some mechanisms of actions, as oxidative stress prevention.
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Doença de Alzheimer/terapia , Cognição/fisiologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Animais , Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos Cognitivos/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Memória de Longo Prazo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Reconhecimento Psicológico/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
One of the main difficulties in intracranial aneurysms (IA) surgery refers to the choice of the appropriate clip(s) to be implanted. Although the imaging exams currently available ensure visualization of IA's morphology, they do not bring an accurate reference positioning for the surgeon in executing the surgery procedure nor efficiently contribute to planning the surgery. Unfortunately, for IA's largely inaccessible regions, there is not an efficient method of treatment planning. Therefore, we propose a novel method that allows the generation of a 3D biomodel of the IA region under investigation using additive manufacturing technology (AM). Thus, a physical copy of the IA is produced and offers the surgeon a full view of the anatomy of that region of the brain. The aim of this study is the creation of a flexible 3D physical model (elastomer) through the AM technique, in order to allow the clip selection prior to the surgery. DICOM angio-CT images from eight patients who underwent IA surgery were transformed into STL format and then built on a 3D printer. Preoperative surgical clip selection was performed and then compared with those used in surgery. At the end of the study, all 3D IA biomodels were reproduced for microsurgical clipping selection and it was possible to predict the metal clip to be used in the surgery. In addition, the proposed methodology helps to clarify the surgical anatomy and to avoid excessive manipulation of the intracranial arteries and prolonged surgical time. The major advantage of this technology is that the surgeon can closely study complex cerebrovascular anatomy from any perspective using realistic 3D biomodels, which can be handheld, allowing simulation of intraoperative situations and anticipation of surgical challenges.
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Artérias Cerebrais/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Modelos Anatômicos , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente , Impressão Tridimensional , Idoso , Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Artérias Cerebrais/anormalidades , Artérias Cerebrais/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Masculino , Microcirurgia/instrumentação , Microcirurgia/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/instrumentação , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Instrumentos Cirúrgicos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Measurement of skin temperature using infrared thermography has become popular in sports, and has been proposed as an indicator of exercise-induced muscle damage after exercise. However, the relationship between skin temperature and exercise-induced muscle damage is still unclear. Here we set out to investigate the relationship between skin temperature and exercise-induced muscle damage. APPROACH: Twenty untrained participants completed a protocol of exercise for calf muscles. Before and after exercise blood samples were collected to determine creatine kinase and acetylcholinesterase activity. Thermal images were recorded from the exercised muscles to determine skin temperature. Delayed onset muscle soreness was quantified. Correlations between skin temperature and exercise-induced muscle damage were analyzed considering thermal data, creatine kinase and acetylcholinesterase activity at different time moments. MAIN RESULTS: We found delayed onset muscle soreness and an increased creatine kinase activity 48 h after exercise (P < 0.01). Skin temperature parameters (average, maximal, amplitude and difference pre- and post-exercise, immediately after and 48 h after) did not correlate with the creatine kinase responses (P > 0.05). Acetylcholinesterase activity remained stable (P = 0.59). SIGNIFICANCE: We recommend caution when considering changes in skin temperature as dependent on the level of localized and symmetric muscle damage considering calf muscles in untrained participants.
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Exercício Físico , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Temperatura Cutânea , Acetilcolinesterase/sangue , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Humanos , Raios Infravermelhos , Extremidade Inferior , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Mialgia/etiologia , Mialgia/fisiopatologia , Temperatura Cutânea/fisiologia , Termografia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract Introduction The expansion of assistive technologies has been increasing significantly, involving almost all the daily activities, performed by disabled people. One of the highlights to be mentioned is the robotic orthoses, which are being used to amplify movements, to replace amputated limbs, and for a variety of rehabilitation therapies, among others. This study aims to present a review about upper limbs' orthoses, discussing their weaknesses, potentialities, and pointing out for future perspectives under the motor rehabilitation. Methods For this research, it had been identified 161 papers, based on the bibliographic bases from IEEE and Science Direct, which were filtered by the keywords orthoses, hand, upper-limbs and technology. After the appropriate exclusions, 22 papers were analyzed. Results This review indicates that most of the orthoses have been developed for rehabilitation therapies to be employed by people who have suffered stroke, cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury. This research summarized that the upper limbs movements are effectively produced by electric or pneumatic actuators, having a variety of degrees of freedom. Conclusion This review has shown that, although there are many orthoses styles, ranging from electric to pneumatic actuators; also there are some technical restrictions that prevent their use by most people. However, upper limb orthoses seem to be a great solution for the rehabilitation of people who have suffered a stroke.
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A main implication of cumulative fatigue is the muscle damage that impairs neuromuscular function and training adaptations. These negative effects may limit performance when athletes exercise in consecutive days. In this regard, antioxidant supplementation has gain popularity among athletes. Green tea supplementation has been advocated as a strategy to improve exercise recovery due to the activity of its catechins with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Here we performed a triple blinded placebo control experiment to determine the effect of green tea extract (GTE) from Camellia sinensis on muscle damage, oxidative stress, and neuromuscular activity in athletes submitted to consecutive sessions of exercise and fatigue. Sixteen trained amateur male athletes were randomly assigned to a GTE supplemented (500 mg/day) or placebo group during 15 days. Effects of supplementation were tested during repeated trials of submaximal cycling at 60% of peak power output performed after a protocol for cumulative fatigue of knee extensors. Muscle damage and oxidative stress showed lower magnitudes in response to fatigue after GTE supplementation. Placebo group showed impaired neuromuscular activity and higher muscle damage and oxidative stress compared to the GTE group during the cycling trials under fatigue. In summary, GTE supplementation showed positive effects on neuromuscular function in response to a condition of cumulative fatigue. It suggests GTE supplementation may have potential to serve as a strategy to improve performance and recovery in conditions of cumulative exercise.
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Green tea from Camellia sinensis plays a well-established neuroprotective role in several neurodegenerative diseases, including intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the other teas of the same plant do not have their properties well understood; but they can be as effective as green tea as an alternative therapy. In this study, we investigated the effects of supplementation with green tea and red tea from Camellia sinensis on motor deficits and striatum oxidative damage in rats submitted to hemorrhagic stroke (ICH). Male Wistar rats were supplemented with green tea, red tea, or vehicle for 10 days prior to ICH induction. After injury, the rats were submitted to motor tests (open field for locomotion, rotarod for balance, and neurological deficit scale (NDS)) 1, 3, and 7 days after ICH induction, while the tea supplementation was maintained. Subsequently, the rats were euthanized to striatal tissue dissection for biochemical analyzes (lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, glutathione levels, and total antioxidant capacity). ICH caused locomotor and balance deficits, as well as increased the neurological deficit (NDS). Only red tea prevented locomotor deficits after injury. Green tea and red tea prevented balance deficits on the seventh day after ICH. On NDS evaluation, green tea presented a better neuroprotection than red tea (until day 3 after ICH injury). In addition, ICH increased reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels, without altering antioxidant markers. Green and red teas were effective in decreasing the lipid peroxidation levels. Therefore, green and red teas partially prevented the motor deficits and striatal oxidative damage induced by ICH. Based on our results, we can consider that the two teas seem to be equally effective to prevent motor deficits and striatal oxidative damage induced by hemorrhagic stroke in rats.
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Corpo Estriado/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemorragias Intracranianas/complicações , Transtornos Motores/prevenção & controle , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Chá , Animais , Camellia sinensis , Corpo Estriado/metabolismo , Masculino , Transtornos Motores/etiologia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Previous studies addressed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of compounds from green tea in different human tissues. Positive antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were described for brain tissues. Whether similar effects are observed in the skeletal muscle, green tea supplementation could be a strategy to reduce delayed onset muscle soreness resultant of exercise. Here we determine the effect of green tea extract supplementation on exercise-induced muscle soreness, muscle damage and oxidative stress. We performed a randomized triple blind placebo control study. Twenty non-trained men performed sessions of exercise to induce delayed onset muscle soreness in the triceps sural muscle group before and after 15â¯days of supplementation (500â¯mg/day) with green tea extract (nâ¯=â¯10) or a placebo (nâ¯=â¯10). Muscle soreness was evaluated using a visual scale. Blood samples were taken at different moments to determine serum blood markers of muscle damage, oxidative stress and antioxidant status. We found that exercise induced delayed onset muscle soreness. Supplementation reduced muscle damage but muscle soreness did not change. Plasma oxidative damage marker and antioxidant status did not show an effect of supplementation. As a conclusion, green tea extract supplementation did not reduce the sensation of delayed onset muscle soreness but reduces the marker of muscle damage after exercise. It suggests the green tea extract supplementation has positive effects on muscle recovery after strenuous exercise.
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Exercício Físico , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Mialgia/prevenção & controle , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Chá , Acetilcolinesterase/sangue , Adulto , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Suplementos Nutricionais , Método Duplo-Cego , Glutationa/sangue , Humanos , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Medição da Dor , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/sangue , Soro/metabolismo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Maternal deprivation (MD) in early life affects the development of the brain, causing cognitive losses in adulthood. Oxidative imbalance may be one of the factors that trigger these deficits. Therapies with antioxidant components, like green tea from Camellia sinensis (GT) has been used to treat or prevent memory deficits in a variety of conditions related to oxidative stress. Here we demonstrate that memory deficits caused by MD can be prevented by GT antioxidant activity in hippocampus. Pregnant female rats were used. Her puppies were submitted to MD and intake of GT. Recognition and aversive memory were evaluated, as well as hippocampal oxidative status. Data showed that MD prejudice short and long-term recognition and aversive memory and that GT protected memory. Hippocampal reactive oxygen species levels were increased in MD rats; this increase was avoided by GT supplementation. GSH was decreased on hippocampus MD rats. GT did not avoid GSH decrease, but promote the increase of total antioxidant capacity in MD rats' hippocampus. In conclusion, GT protects against memory deficits related to MD, and one of the implicated mechanism seems to be the antioxidant effects of GT.
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Camellia sinensis/metabolismo , Privação Materna , Transtornos da Memória/etiologia , Transtornos da Memória/prevenção & controle , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Fatores Etários , Análise de Variância , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Camellia sinensis/química , Catequina/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Comportamento Exploratório/fisiologia , Feminino , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/fisiologia , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/fisiologia , Limiar da Dor/fisiologia , Gravidez , Ratos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Reconhecimento Psicológico/fisiologiaRESUMO
This study investigated the effect of green tea (GT) on short and long term declarative memory and oxidative damage induced by transient ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups of 10 according the stroke type induced: Sham IR, Sham IR+GT, IR, IR+GT, Sham ICH, Sham ICH+GT, ICH, ICH+GT. Supplementation with GT was initiated 10days before stroke surgery and continuous for 6days after (GT dose 400mg/kg). Short (STM) and long term memory (LTM) we evaluated with object recognition task (OR) and hippocampus were used to evaluate parameters related to oxidative stress (ROS, lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity). The rats subjected to IR and ICH showed STM and LTM deficits and GT intervention prevented it in both stroke models. IR and ICH induced increase on ROS levels in hippocampus. ICH increased the lipid peroxidation in hippocampus and the GT supplementation avoided it. IR induced decrease on total antioxidant capacity and GT prevented it. These results reveal that GT supplementation presents a neuroprotective role, attenuates redox imbalance and might have a beneficial impact on cognitive function after stroke.
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Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Chá/fisiologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Chá/metabolismo , Chás Medicinais , Lobo TemporalRESUMO
It is known from previous research that physical exercise prevents long-term memory deficits induced by maternal deprivation in rats. But we could not assume similar effects of physical exercise on short-term memory, as short- and long-term memories are known to result from some different memory consolidation processes. Here we demonstrated that, in addition to long-term memory deficit, the short-term memory deficit resultant from maternal deprivation in object recognition and aversive memory tasks is also prevented by physical exercise. Additionally, one of the mechanisms by which the physical exercise influences the memory processes involves its effects attenuating the oxidative damage in the maternal deprived rats' hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
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Hipocampo/fisiopatologia , Privação Materna , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal/psicologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiopatologia , Reconhecimento Psicológico/fisiologia , Animais , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/fisiologia , Glutationa/metabolismo , Masculino , Transtornos da Memória/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Memória/prevenção & controle , Memória de Longo Prazo/fisiologia , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Corrida/fisiologia , Corrida/psicologia , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
Caffeine is presented in many commercial products and has been proven to induce ergogenic effects in exercise, mainly related to redox status homeostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress-related adaptation mechanisms. However, most studies have mainly focused on muscle adaptations, and the role of caffeine in different tissues during exercise training has not been fully described. The aim of this study was therefore, to analyze the effects of chronic caffeine intake and exercise training on liver mitochondria functioning and plasma inflammation markers. Rats were divided into control, control/caffeine, exercise, and exercise/caffeine groups. Exercise groups underwent four weeks of swimming training and caffeine groups were supplemented with 6 mg/kg/day. Liver mitochondrial swelling and complex I activity, and plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were measured. An anti-inflammatory effect of exercise was evidenced by reduced plasma MPO activity. Additionally, caffeine intake alone and combined with exercise decreased the plasma AChE and MPO activities. The per se anti-inflammatory effect of caffeine intake should be highlighted considering its widespread use as an ergogenic aid. Therefore, caffeine seems to interfere on exercise-induced adaptations and could also be used in different exercise-related health treatments.
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Biomarcadores/sangue , Cafeína/farmacologia , Inflamação/sangue , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Acetilcolinesterase/sangue , Animais , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Potenciais da Membrana , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidase/sangue , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de OxigênioRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate techniques of massage and pumping in the treatment of postpartum breast engorgement through thermography. METHOD: the study was conducted in the Human Milk Bank of a hospital in Curitiba, Brazil. We randomly selected 16 lactating women with engorgement with the classification lobar, ampullary and glandular, moderate and intense. We compared the differential patterns of temperature, before and after the treatment by means of massage and pumping. RESULTS: we found a negative gradient of 0.3°C of temperature between the pre- and post-treatment in the experimental group. Breasts with intense engorgement were 0.7°C warmer when compared with moderate engorgement. CONCLUSION: massage and electromechanical pumping were superior to manual methods when evaluated by thermography. REBEC: U1111-1136-9027. .
OBJETIVO: avaliar técnicas de massagem e ordenha no tratamento do ingurgitamento mamário puerperal, por meio da termografia. MÉTODO: a pesquisa foi realizada no Banco de Leite Humano de um hospital de Curitiba, Brasil. Selecionaram-se, aleatoriamente, 16 lactantes com ingurgitamento com classificação lobar, ampolar e glandular moderado e intenso. Compararam-se os padrões diferenciais de temperatura, antes e após o tratamento realizado, por meio de massagem e ordenha. RESULTADOS: constatou-se um gradiente negativo de 0,3ºC de temperatura entre o pré e o pós-tratamento no grupo experimental. Mamas com ingurgitamento intenso foram 0,7ºC mais quentes quando comparadas com ingurgitamento moderado. CONCLUSÃO: a massagem e ordenha eletromecânicas são superiores às manuais, quando avaliadas por termografia. REBEC: U1111-1136-9027. .
OBJETIVO: evaluar los métodos de masaje y bombeo en el tratamiento de la congestión mamaria posparto a través de la termografía. MÉTODO: el estudio se realizó en el Banco de Leche Humana de un hospital en Curitiba, Brasil. Se seleccionaron al azar 16 mujeres en periodo de lactancia con congestión con clasificación lobar, ampular y glandular, moderada e intensa. Se compararon los patrones diferenciales de temperatura, antes y después del tratamiento por medio de masaje y bombeo. RESULTADOS: se encontró un degradado negativo de 0,3°C de temperatura entre el pre y post-tratamiento en el grupo experimental. Las mamas con intensa congestión eran 0,7°C más caliente en comparación a aquellos con congestión moderada. CONCLUSIÓN: el masaje y el bombeo electromecánico fueron superiores a los métodos manuales cuando se evaluaron por termografía. REBEC: U1111-1136-9027. .