RESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia, tipo y predictores de complicaciones pleuropulmonares en los primeros 30 días de postoperatorio de pacientes intervenidos de cirugía cardiovascular sin apoyo de circulación extracorpórea. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo durante el periodo comprendido del 1 de enero de 2013 al 31 de diciembre 2014. Incluyó a todos los pacientes portadores de cardiopatías congénitas intervenidos de cirugía cardiaca con abordaje esternal o torácico, sin soporte de circulación extracorpórea con ingreso registrado a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital de Pediatría del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS. Se cuantificó la frecuencia de eventos de las complicaciones pleuropulmonares y se realizó un análisis multivariado de regresión logística para identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a complicaciones pleuropulmonares, calculándose odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 139 pacientes, en los cuales la frecuencia de complicaciones pleuropulmonares fue del 42.4% (n = 59), y los tipos más frecuentes fueron atelectasia (28 eventos), neumonía asociada a ventilador (24 eventos), neumotórax (20 eventos), pudiéndose encontrar más de una complicación por paciente. Los predictores más significativos de complicaciones pleuropulmonares fueron las cardiopatías congénitas cianógenas (OR = 3.58; IC 95%: 1.10-7.50; p = 0.001), el abordaje por toracotomía (OR = 1.46; IC 95%: 1.18-1.12; p = 0.008) y el evento quirúrgico realizado de urgencia (OR = 3.46; IC 95%: 1.51-7.95; p = 0.002). Conclusiones: La principal complicación pleuropulmonar fue la atelectasia lo cual concuerda con lo reportado en la literatura internacional. Los pacientes que presenten alguno de los predictores identificados en el presente estudio deben ser monitorizados de manera especial para prevenir, detectar y/o tratar oportunamente las complicaciones pleuropulmonares tras cirugía cardiaca.
Abstract Objective: To determine the frequency and type of pleuropulmonary complications and their predictors in the first thirty postoperative days of patients undergoing surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out between January 2013 and December 2014. It included all patients with congenital heart disease who underwent cardiac surgery using a sternal or thoracic approach, without cardiopulmonary bypass with a registered admission to a Neonatal or Paediatric Intensive Care. The frequency of events of pleuropulmonary complications and logistic regression analysis was performed, and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals at 95% (95% CI) were calculated. Results: A total of 139 patients were included. The frequency of pleuropulmonary complications was 42.4% (N = 59), and the most frequent types were atelectasis (28 events), ventilator-associated pneumonia (24 events), pneumothorax (20 events), with more than one complication per patient occasionally being found. Significant risk factors were cyanogenic congenital heart disease (OR = 3.58, 95% CI: 1.10-7.50, P =.001), thoracotomy approach (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.18-1.12, P = .008), and an emergency surgical event (OR = 3.46, 95% CI: 1.51-7.95, P = .002). Conclusions: The main pleuropulmonary complication was atelectasis, which is consistent with that reported in the international literature. Patients with any of the predictors identified in the present study should be closely monitored in order to prevent, detect and/or treat pleuropulmonary complications in a timely manner after cardiac surgery.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Doenças Pleurais/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Doenças Pleurais/etiologia , Doenças Pleurais/fisiopatologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Atelectasia Pulmonar/etiologia , Atelectasia Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Pneumopatias/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and type of pleuropulmonary complications and their predictors in the first thirty postoperative days of patients undergoing surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was carried out between January 2013 and December 2014. It included all patients with congenital heart disease who underwent cardiac surgery using a sternal or thoracic approach, without cardiopulmonary bypass with a registered admission to a Neonatal or Paediatric Intensive Care. The frequency of events of pleuropulmonary complications and logistic regression analysis was performed, and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals at 95% (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 139 patients were included. The frequency of pleuropulmonary complications was 42.4% (N=59), and the most frequent types were atelectasis (28 events), ventilator-associated pneumonia (24 events), pneumothorax (20 events), with more than one complication per patient occasionally being found. Significant risk factors were cyanogenic congenital heart disease (OR=3.58, 95% CI: 1.10-7.50, P=.001), thoracotomy approach (OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.18-1.12, P=.008), and an emergency surgical event (OR=3.46, 95% CI: 1.51-7.95, P=.002). CONCLUSIONS: The main pleuropulmonary complication was atelectasis, which is consistent with that reported in the international literature. Patients with any of the predictors identified in the present study should be closely monitored in order to prevent, detect and/or treat pleuropulmonary complications in a timely manner after cardiac surgery.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Doenças Pleurais/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Modelos Logísticos , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Pneumopatias/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Doenças Pleurais/etiologia , Doenças Pleurais/fisiopatologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Atelectasia Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Atelectasia Pulmonar/etiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Introducción: El conducto arterioso permeable puede provocar hipertensión arterial pulmonar; éste ocupa el primer lugar de las cardiopatías congénitas quirúrgicas en la ciudad de Toluca, México. Métodos: En el periodo comprendido entre enero del 2006 y diciembre del 2011 se operaron 51 pacientes con conducto arterioso permeable: 34 (66.7%) del sexo femenino. Se estudia la reversibilidad de la presión arterial pulmonar y de la dilatación de cavidades izquierdas posterior al cierre quirúrgico del conducto arterioso permeable y se describen las complicaciones posquirúrgicas en la población de la ciudad de Toluca, localizada a una altitud de 2680 metros sobre el nivel del mar (msnm). Resultados: La reversibilidad de la presión pulmonar ocurrió en el 88% de los casos. También se observó una disminución de los diámetros de las cavidades izquierdas, manifestado por una relación de aurícula izquierda/anillo aórtico prequirúrgica de 2.0±0.41 y posquirúrgica de 1.36±0.25 (p<0.001). El cierre exitoso del conducto arterioso permeable inmediato fue del 94.1% y mediato del 98.0%. Se presentaron complicaciones posquirúrgicas en el 13.8% de los pacientes, todas fueron menores, siendo las principales: infección y hematoma de la herida quirúrgica (5.9%), neumotórax (3.9%), neumonía (2.0%) y derrame pleural (2.0%). Conclusiones: La hipertensión arterial pulmonar secundaria a conducto arterioso permeable es reversible en la mayoría de los casos después del cierre quirúrgico, incluso en habitantes de localidades por arriba de los 2500 msnm.
Introduction: Patent ductus arteriosus in Toluca can cause pulmonary hypertension and ranks first surgery of congenital heart disease in Toluca, Mexico. Methods: In the period between January 2006 and December 51 patients with patent ductus arteriosus went to surgery: 34 (66.7%) were female. We study the reversibility of pulmonary arterial pressure and the left cavities dilatation after surgical closure of the ductus arteriosus and postoperative complications are described in a population of Toluca, located at an altitude of 2680 meters over the sea. Results: The reversibility of pulmonary pressure ocurred in 88% of cases. We also observed a decrease in the diameters of the left chambers manifested by a ratio of left atrium/aortic annulus before surgery of 2.0 ± 0.41 SD and after surgery of 1.36 ± 0.25 SD, (p<0.001). The successful closure of the ductus arteriosus was 94.1% immediately and mediate 98.0%. Postoperative complications ocurred in 13.8%, being the main infection and surgical wound hematoma (5.9%), pneumothorax (3.9%), pneumonia (2.0%) and pleural efusion (2.0%). Conclusions: Pulmonary arterial hypertension secundary to patent ductus arteriosus is reversible in the mayority of cases after surgical closure, including residents of village above 2500 meters over the sea.
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Altitude , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/complicações , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/cirurgia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/complicações , México , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Patent ductus arteriosus in Toluca can cause pulmonary hypertension and ranks first surgery of congenital heart disease in Toluca, Mexico. METHODS: In the period between January 2006 and December 51 patients with patent ductus arteriosus went to surgery: 34 (66.7%) were female. We study the reversibility of pulmonary arterial pressure and the left cavities dilatation after surgical closure of the ductus arteriosus and postoperative complications are described in a population of Toluca, located at an altitude of 2680 meters over the sea. RESULTS: The reversibility of pulmonary pressure ocurred in 88% of cases. We also observed a decrease in the diameters of the left chambers manifested by a ratio of left atrium/aortic annulus before surgery of 2.0 ± 0.41 SD and after surgery of 1.36 ± 0.25 SD, (p<0.001). The successful closure of the ductus arteriosus was 94.1% immediately and mediate 98.0%. Postoperative complications ocurred in 13.8%, being the main infection and surgical wound hematoma (5.9%), pneumothorax (3.9%), pneumonia (2.0%) and pleural efusion (2.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary arterial hypertension secundary to patent ductus arteriosus is reversible in the mayority of cases after surgical closure, including residents of village above 2500 meters over the sea.