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BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that individuals with chronic non-specific neck pain may experience altered sensory processing, potentially contributing to the modest response to therapeutic exercise treatments. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to explore the effect of therapeutic exercise on pain processing among patients with chronic non-specific neck pain. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, SportDiscus, and Cochrane CENTRAL) from inception to June 2023. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing therapeutic exercise to non-exercise treatments or no treatment. The screening and data extraction was conducted by two reviewers. The methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale and the certainty of evidence using GRADE. The primary outcomes assessed were pressure pain threshold (PPT), temporal summation, and conditioned pain modulation. RESULTS: Thirteen trials included a total of 948 participants, with 586 in the exercise therapy group and 362 in the non-exercise group. The therapeutic exercise was not superior to non-exercise treatments for both local and PPT in the immediate (MD = 0.13, 95%CI = -0.18 to 0.43), and short-term follow-up (MD = 0.17, 95%CI = -0.27 to 0.61). In the medium term, therapeutic exercise demonstrated a small effect size in increasing local PPT (Kg/cm2) (MD = 0.64, 95%CI = 0.08 to 1.19) compared to non-exercise interventions. The certainty of evidence for these outcomes was very low. CONCLUSIONS: There is very low certainty of evidence that therapeutic exercise is not superior than non-exercise treatment on pain processing in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain.

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OBJECTIVE: Considering the osteoarthritis (OA) model that integrates the biological, mechanical, and structural components of the disease, the present study aimed to investigate the association between urinary C-Telopeptide fragments of type II collagen (uCTX-II), knee joint moments, pain, and physical function in individuals with medial knee OA. METHODS: Twenty-five subjects radiographically diagnosed with knee OA were recruited. Participants were evaluated through three-dimensional gait analysis, uCTX-II level, the WOMAC pain and physical function scores, and the 40m walk test. The association between these variables was investigated using Pearson's product-moment correlation, followed by a hierarchical linear regression, controlled by OA severity and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: No relationship was found between uCTX-II level and knee moments. A significant correlation between uCTX-II level and pain, physical function, and the 40m walk test was found. The hierarchical linear regression controlling for OA severity and BMI showed that uCTX-II level explained 9% of the WOMAC pain score, 27% of the WOMAC physical function score, and 7% of the 40m walk test. CONCLUSION: Greater uCTX-II level is associated with higher pain and reduced physical function and 40m walk test performance in individuals with medial knee OA.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of hip abductor strength with external hip and knee adduction moments, pain and physical function, and trunk, pelvis, and hip kinematics in the frontal plane during walking in subjects with medial knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Twenty-five subjects with medial knee osteoarthritis were evaluated through an isokinetic strength test for hip abductor, three-dimensional gait analysis (kinetics and kinematics), and pain and physical function scores. Regression models were used to control the influence of other parameters such as pain, age, gender, severity, walking speed, mass, and height. RESULTS: No relationship was found of hip abductor strength with peak of external knee adduction moment and knee adduction angular impulse. Hip abductor strength explained 17% of contralateral pelvic drop and 21% of hip adduction angle. In addition, hip abductor strength explained 4% and 1% of the variance in the WOMAC physical function score and 40-m fast paced walk test, respectively. CONCLUSION: Considering the relationship of hip abductor strength with contralateral pelvic drop and hip adduction angle, specific exercises might improve physical function and lower limb dynamic alignment during gait.

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O aumento gradual da participação da comunidade acadêmica da Fisioterapia nas edições do Congresso Brasileiro de Biomecânica (CBB) é notório. Os Anais do CBB passaram a ser importantes veículos para a divulgação científica em Fisioterapia no Brasil; porém, a caracterização dessa produção ainda não foi feita. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar um levantamento bibliográfico dos estudos em Fisioterapia publicados nas edições dos Anais do CBB, desde a primeira edição em 1992 (Anais do IV CBB) até a edição publicada em 2009 (Anais do XIII CBB), a fim de identificar quais especialidades da Fisioterapia têm aplicado o conhecimento em Biomecânica no contexto clínico e/ou científico, além de caracterizar o tipo de pesquisa que se tem desenvolvido. Seis revisores independentes levantaram os estudos pertencentes à área da Fisioterapia e coletaram informações de maneira padronizada através de questionários. Os resultados evidenciaram um grande crescimento da participação das diferentes áreas da Fisioterapia ao longo das dez edições do CBB. Embora os dados sejam positivos em relação à ampliação das pesquisas em Biomecânica, verificou-se uma carência da utilização dos recursos biomecânicos para avaliar efeitos de intervenções em pacientes. Dessa forma, recomenda-se que mais estudos sejam conduzidos em contextos clínicos e com acompanhamento longitudinal, de modo a ampliar a aplicação prática das ferramentas biomecânicas no campo da intervenção, bem como aperfeiçoar a avaliação em Fisioterapia.

The increasing presence of the Physical Therapy (PT) community in the Brazilian Congress of Biomechanics (CBB) is well known. The Proceedings of the CBB Congresses have turned to important vehicles to scientific publications in Physical Therapy, but the characteristics of these studies have not been focus of analysis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the contribution of PT to the studies published in the Proceedings of the CBB Congresses, from the first edition in 1992 (Proceedings of the IV CBB) to the 2009 edition (Proceedings of the XIII CBB), in order to verify which subareas of expertise in PT are applying the biomechanical knowledge on clinical and/or scientific context and the kind of research being developed. Six independent reviewers collected data related to the PT production according to standardized questionnaires. The results evidenced that the area of PT has increased its publications along the ten CBB Proceedings. Despite positive findings, we noticed a lack of biomechanical studies aimed at investigating interventions in patients. Thus, we can suggest that clinical studies with a longitudinal design could be developed in order to improve the application of biomechanical tools in therapeutic settings and to contribute to evaluation procedures in PT.

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OBJETIVOS: 1) Determinar e comparar o torque extensor, relação I:Q e distância do salto triplo entre os membros; 2) identificar a relação entre o torque extensor e relação I:Q com o desempenho no salto triplo em jogadores profissionais de futebol. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 21 indivíduos, homens, idade média de 23,2 anos (± 3,6), saudáveis, sem histórico de lesões, praticantes profissionais de futebol. Os atletas foram avaliados em um dinamômetro isocinético nas velocidades de 60, 180 e 300°/s, das quais foram obtidos os picos de torque e calculada a relação I:Q nas três velocidades. Foi realizada também a avaliação funcional por meio do salto unipodal triplo horizontal, e desse foi obtida a distância saltada em metros. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre membros (dominante e não dominante) para os testes (p = 0,23). Além disso, foi observada baixa correlação entre o torque extensor e teste funcional nas três velocidades (membro dominante: 60°/s_r = 0,38; 180°/s_r = 0,43*; 300°/s_r = 0,26. Membro não dominante: 60°/s_r = 0,36; 180°/s_r = 0,30; 300°/s_r = 0,48*) (*p < 0,05), assim como na relação I:Q e teste funcional (membro dominante: 60_r = 0,01; 180_r = 0,11; 300_r = - 0,02. Membro não dominante: 60_r = - 0,20; 180_r = - 0,15; 300_r = - 0,18). CONCLUSÃO: Devido à baixa correlação, não é possível substituir a avaliação isocinética pelo salto unipodal triplo horizontal (teste funcional) na avaliação da condição muscular.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were: 1) to determine and compare the extensor torque, H:Q ratio and triple hop distance in functional test between lower extremities; 2) to identify the relationship between extensor torque and H:Q ratio with the performance in triple hop distance in professional soccer players. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one healthy male professional soccer players, average 23.2 (± 3.6) years old, without history of injury were selected. The athletes were assessed in an isokinetic dynamometer at three angular velocities: 60, 180 and 300°/s, and from this assessment the peak of torque and calculated H:Q ratio at the three velocities were obtained. The triple hop distance was also used to calculate the hopped distance in meters. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the lower extremities (dominant and non-dominant) (p = 0.23). Also, a weak relationship between extensor torque and functional test at the three velocities was observed (Dominant: 60°/s_r = 0.38; 180°/s_r = 0.43*; 300°/s_r = 0.26. Non dominant: 60°/s_r = 0.36; 180°/s_r = 0.30; 300°/s_r = 0.48*) (*p < 0.05). Similar results were found for H:Q ratio (Dominant: 60_r = 0.01; 180_r = 0.11; 300_r = - 0.02. Non-dominant: 60_r = - 0.20; 180_r = - 0.15; 300_r = - 0.18). CONCLUSION: Due to a weak relationship, the isokinetic test cannot be replaced by the triple hop distance (functional test) for muscular function assessment.

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INTRODUÇÃO: O futebol, o esporte mais popular e praticado pelo mundo, é também uma das modalidades esportivas onde o atleta é submetido a diversos tipos e intensidades de esforços. Atualmente essa modalidade sofreu modificações, deixando de dar ênfase à técnica e passando a privilegiar os componentes físicos, aumentando assim a probabilidade da ocorrência de lesões. OBJETIVO: Realizar um levantamento epidemiológico das lesões no Futebol de Campo Sub-21 durante os 50ºs Jogos Regionais de Sertãozinho de 2006. METODOLOGIA: Este é um trabalho do tipo epidemiológico descritivo e analítico, com desenho transversal. Realizou-se o acompanhamento de todas as partidas da modalidade, registrando as lesões ocorridas, seguido de um levantamento e caracterização das lesões. As mesmas foram classificadas de acordo com seu perfil e segmento anatômico, posteriormente divididas por posição dos atletas. RESULTADOS: Houve maior incidência das lesões nos membros inferiores, com 127 (74,7 por cento); quanto ao perfil, as lesões musculares foram mais prevalentes, com 64 (37,6 por cento) lesões. Os atletas do meio-campo foram os mais acometidos, com 72 (42,4 por cento) lesões. Dentro da classe de goleiros e defensores a maior prevalência de contusões foi de sete (63,6 por cento) e 11 (50 por cento), respectivamente. Já os atacantes, laterais e meio-campistas apresentaram como predomínio as lesões musculares, sendo os primeiros com 11 (36,7 por cento), seguidos de 12 (34,3 por cento) dos laterais e 33 (45,8 por cento) dos meio-campistas. CONCLUSÃO: Constatou-se que ocorreu maior índice de lesões em membros inferiores, sendo estas caracterizadas como as musculares de maior prevalência. Demonstrou-se ainda que as lesões apresentadas estão diretamente relacionadas com as características de cada posição.

Soccer is one of the most popular and practiced sports in the world. It is a sport in which athletes are submitted to many types and effort intensities. This sport has changed over the years, and instead of emphasizing technique, currently the physical components are more favored, increasing hence the injury risk. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to perform an epidemiological survey of sub-21 male soccer player's injuries in the Regional Games 2006. METHODS: This study was of epidemiological descriptive and analytical type, with a transversal design. All games of the modality were followed, and the injuries found were registered by their prevalence and classification. Injuries were classified according to their profile and anatomical segment and according to athletes' position as well. RESULTS: The highest prevalence of injuries was found in the lower extremities 127 (74.7 percent), and muscular injuries were the most frequent 64 (37.6 percent). Midfielders were the most affected players 72 (42.4 percent). The most frequent injury type in goalkeepers and defenders were contusions with 7 (63.6 percent) and 11 (50 percent), respectively. Strikers, outside midfielders and midfielders showed mostly muscular injuries, with 11 (36.7 percent), 12 (34.3 percent) and 33 (45.8 percent), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this study demonstrated higher incidence of injuries in lower extremities in sub-21 soccer players, being muscular injuries the most common ones. The results also suggest that injuries are directly related with the characteristics of each athlete's position.

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