RESUMO

This study evaluated the use of an avirulent live Salmonella Choleraesuis vaccine to reduce the seroprevalence and number of Salmonella carrier pigs at slaughter. Seven batches of 500 pigs were included in each of the two study groups: the vaccinated group (VG) that was orally vaccinated and the control group (CG) that received a placebo on the first day of life. The groups were managed in a three-site system and followed up from birth to slaughter. Blood samples (n=378) were collected from each VG and CG to monitor the on-farm seroprevalence in both groups. Mesenteric lymph nodes and blood from animals (n=390) belonging to each group were collected at slaughter. At the first day of life, the seroprevalence in control batches ranged from 77.9 to 96.3 per cent, while in vaccinated batches, it ranged from 66.6 to 92.6 per cent. At weaning (21 days of age), the number of seropositives decreased in both groups (mean of 12 and 3.7 per cent for CG and VG, respectively). At slaughter, batches of VG had a significantly (P<0.0001) lower seroprevalence (46.6±5 per cent) and isolation of Salmonella from lymph nodes (33.1±5 per cent) compared with CG batches (79.7±4 per cent and 59.5±5 per cent, respectively). The results indicate that administration of a Salmonella choleraesuis-attenuated vaccine on the first day of life decreases Salmonella isolation and seroprevalence in pigs at slaughter.

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RESUMO

Estudou-se a prevalência de Salmonella spp. em suínos ao abate e compararam-se os resultados obtidos no isolamento e na sorologia de modo a determinar a fase mais importante de infecção (granja ou transporte/espera pré-abate) em relação ao número de suínos portadores encontrados ao abate. Foram avaliados 40 rebanhos de três diferentes empresas do sul do Brasil, com colheitas de sangue e linfonodos mesentéricos de 20 animais por lote. O soro foi submetido ao ELISA produzido com antígeno somático de Salmonella Typhimurium. A frequência de isolamento variou de 62,5 por cento a 85,0 por cento, enquanto a soroprevalência de 73,8 por cento a 83,2 por cento nos três sistemas amostrados. Os sorovares mais prevalentes foram Agona, Typhimurium e Panama. A infecção dos animais ocorreu nas granjas produtoras de suínos nestes sistemas de produção, pois os lotes apresentaram elevada soroprevalência ao abate. Concluiu-se que o controle da infecção por Salmonella spp. no sul do Brasil deve iniciar-se pela implementação de medidas de profilaxia nas granjas de produção de suínos.(AU)

The prevalence of Salmonella in slaughtered swines was evaluated and the results of serology and Salmonella isolation were compared to determine the most important stage of the infection (on-farm or transport and pre-slaughter) in relation to the number of carrier animals found at slaughter. Forty herds from three different swine raisers of the southern region of Brazil were sampled at slaughter. Blood and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected from 20 swines of each herd. Serum samples were submitted to ELISA including somatic antigens of S. Typhimurium. Salmonella was isolated from 62.5 percent to 85.0 percent of the animals, while seroprevalence varied from 73.8 percent to 83.2 percent in the three swine raisers. Serovar Agona, Typhimurium, and Panama were the most prevalent among the Salmonella isolates. Isolation and serological results demonstrated that Salmonella infection occurred during the on-farm stage, since a high seroprevalence was detected at slaughter. It was concluded that a Salmonella control program in southern Brazil must be started with the implementation of intervention measures at farm level.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Estudou-se a prevalência de Salmonella spp. em suínos ao abate e compararam-se os resultados obtidos no isolamento e na sorologia de modo a determinar a fase mais importante de infecção (granja ou transporte/espera pré-abate) em relação ao número de suínos portadores encontrados ao abate. Foram avaliados 40 rebanhos de três diferentes empresas do sul do Brasil, com colheitas de sangue e linfonodos mesentéricos de 20 animais por lote. O soro foi submetido ao ELISA produzido com antígeno somático de Salmonella Typhimurium. A frequência de isolamento variou de 62,5 por cento a 85,0 por cento, enquanto a soroprevalência de 73,8 por cento a 83,2 por cento nos três sistemas amostrados. Os sorovares mais prevalentes foram Agona, Typhimurium e Panama. A infecção dos animais ocorreu nas granjas produtoras de suínos nestes sistemas de produção, pois os lotes apresentaram elevada soroprevalência ao abate. Concluiu-se que o controle da infecção por Salmonella spp. no sul do Brasil deve iniciar-se pela implementação de medidas de profilaxia nas granjas de produção de suínos.

The prevalence of Salmonella in slaughtered swines was evaluated and the results of serology and Salmonella isolation were compared to determine the most important stage of the infection (on-farm or transport and pre-slaughter) in relation to the number of carrier animals found at slaughter. Forty herds from three different swine raisers of the southern region of Brazil were sampled at slaughter. Blood and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected from 20 swines of each herd. Serum samples were submitted to ELISA including somatic antigens of S. Typhimurium. Salmonella was isolated from 62.5 percent to 85.0 percent of the animals, while seroprevalence varied from 73.8 percent to 83.2 percent in the three swine raisers. Serovar Agona, Typhimurium, and Panama were the most prevalent among the Salmonella isolates. Isolation and serological results demonstrated that Salmonella infection occurred during the on-farm stage, since a high seroprevalence was detected at slaughter. It was concluded that a Salmonella control program in southern Brazil must be started with the implementation of intervention measures at farm level.

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RESUMO

Type II diabetes mellitus is currently globally one of the fastest growing non-communicable diseases, especially in developing countries. This investigation reports on a meta-analysis undertaken of the C-11377G locus within the adiponectin gene in a black South African, a Cuban Hispanic and a German Caucasian cohort. Genotyping was performed via a real-time PCR strategy. Both fixed- and random-effects models were tested to describe the diabetes risk at both the cohort and population levels. The 2,2 genotype may only be associated with increased diabetes risk in the Cuban Hispanic cohort. Population-specific effects may have masked these associations upon meta-analytical analysis, as no significant odds ratio could be determined. Thus, to examine diabetes risk, a more global approach including the design of population-specific experimental strategies should be used, which will be crucial in developing health education and policies in a global health programme.

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RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Nitric oxide (NO) and fibrinogen levels, two markers of vascular disease, are associated with insulin resistance, a common trait in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study including 31 women with PCOS and 21 age-matched women with regular, ovulatory cycles, normal androgen levels and idiopathic hirsutism (control group). Nitrite/nitrate concentration (index of endothelium-derived NO) and fibrinogen plasma levels were assessed and analysed in association with anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal variables. RESULTS: The groups were similar in terms of age, positive family history of diabetes and Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism score. Nitrite/nitrate and fibrinogen levels were also similar in the two groups. In contrast, in PCOS patients, insulin levels and the homeostatic model assessment were negatively correlated with NO production (r=-0.39, p=0.03 and r=-0.41, p=0.02, respectively). Age, BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were positively correlated with fibrinogen in both groups. CONCLUSION: The present data indicate a negative, BMI-independent association between NO levels and insulin resistance in PCOS patients. Further studies are required to clarify the role of androgens on the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in PCOS and investigate androgen action and/or the gene receptor modulating NO secretion.

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RESUMO

Estudou-se a associação entre o isolamento de Salmonella sp. do trato intestinal de suínos ao abate e sua presença em tonsilas/linfonodos submandibulares (T/LS), utilizadas no preparo de embutidos. Colheram-se linfonodos mesentéricos (LM), conteúdo intestinal (CI) e T/LS de 90 animais. Em 71 (79%) deles isolou-se Salmonella sp. em pelo menos uma das amostras coletadas. Observou-se associação entre amostras de T/LS positivas e isolamento de Salmonella sp. a partir de LM e/ou CI (P<0,001), com odds ratioLTpositivo 5,6. T/LS de outros 75 animais foram processados separadamente, verificando-se associação (P< 0,0001) entre T/LS e isolamento de Salmonella. Os sorovares mais encontrados foram Typhimurium e Bredeney. Conclui-se que a presença de Salmonella sp. no trato gastrintestinal é fator de risco para a contaminação de partes da carcaça utilizadas na fabricação de embutidos.(AU)

The association between Salmonella sp. isolated from the intestinal tract of pigs at slaughter and its presence in tonsils/mandibular lymph nodes (T/MDL) used in the sausage manufacture was assessed. In a trial mesenteric lymph nodes (LM), intestinal contents (IC) and T/MDL were collected from 90 animals. Salmonella sp. was isolated from 71 (79%) animals in at least one of the samples. T/MDL contaminated samples were correlated with Salmonella sp. isolated from LM and/or IC (P<0.001), with odds ratioLTpositive 5.6. In other trial, T/MDL of 75 animals processed separately, were associated with isolation of Salmonella sp (P< 0.0001). The serovars more prevalent were Typhimurium and Bredeney. It was concluded that Salmonella sp. presence in the intestinal tract is a risk factor for contamination of the portions of carcasses used in sausage manufacture.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Estudou-se a associação entre o isolamento de Salmonella sp. do trato intestinal de suínos ao abate e sua presença em tonsilas/linfonodos submandibulares (T/LS), utilizadas no preparo de embutidos. Colheram-se linfonodos mesentéricos (LM), conteúdo intestinal (CI) e T/LS de 90 animais. Em 71 (79 por cento) deles isolou-se Salmonella sp. em pelo menos uma das amostras coletadas. Observou-se associação entre amostras de T/LS positivas e isolamento de Salmonella sp. a partir de LM e/ou CI (P<0,001), com odds ratioLTpositivo 5,6. T/LS de outros 75 animais foram processados separadamente, verificando-se associação (P< 0,0001) entre T/LS e isolamento de Salmonella. Os sorovares mais encontrados foram Typhimurium e Bredeney. Conclui-se que a presença de Salmonella sp. no trato gastrintestinal é fator de risco para a contaminação de partes da carcaça utilizadas na fabricação de embutidos.

Assuntos