RESUMO
In Argentina, migratory activity in search of floral diversity has become a common approach to maximizing honey production. The Entre Ríos province possesses a floral diversity that allows beekeepers to perform migratory or stationary management. Beyond the impact caused by transhumance, migratory colonies in this province start and end the season in monoculture areas. To study the effect of these practices on viral infection, we assayed for the presence, abundance and genetic characterization of the Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) in honey bees from apiaries with both types of management. In migratory apiaries, DWV was detectable in 86.2% of the colonies at the beginning of the season (September 2018), and 66% at the end of the season (March 2019). On the other hand, DWV was detected in 44.11% and 53.12% of stationary samples, at the beginning and the end of the season, respectively. Sequence analysis from migratory and stationary colonies revealed that all samples belonged to DWV-A type. The highest viral loads were detected in migratory samples collected in September. Higher DWV presence and abundance were associated with migratory management and the sampling time. Based on our findings we propose that the benefit of migration to wild flowering areas can be dissipated when the bee colonies end the season with monoculture.
Assuntos
Vírus de RNA , Animais , Abelhas/virologia , Argentina , Vírus de RNA/genética , Vírus de RNA/isolamento & purificação , Migração Animal , Estações do Ano , Filogenia , Criação de Abelhas , Carga ViralRESUMO
Introdução: O acompanhamento da recuperação pós-cirúrgica em pacientes cardiopatas necessita de um olhar multiprofissional ao âmbito da alimentação do paciente, por possíveis alterações na biomecânica da deglutição. Relato de caso: JOE, sexo masculino, 64 anos, 75 kg, eutrófico, necessitou de internação extensa devido as complicações do pós-operatório (PO) de cirurgia cardíaca combinada. Até o 3º dia do PO permaneceu em jejum por instabilidade hemodinâmica. No 4º dia do PO, em ventilação mecânica com intubação orotraqueal (IOT), foi inciada a terapia nutricional por sonda nasoenteral (SNE) com oferta de 40% da necessidade calórica e proteica com evolução diária gradativa do volume de infusão até alcance pleno das metas nutricionais. No 7º dia PO, o paciente foi extubado e após a avaliação da fonoaudiologia foi diagnosticado com disfagia orofaríngea de grau grave. Os atendimentos interdisciplinares com a nutrição e a fonoaudiologia inciaram na unidade de terapia intensiva com seguimento no quarto da enfermaria. Durante os primeiros seis dias, foi realizada terapia fonoaudiológica com creme de frutas e líquidos espessados nível 3, evoluindo para a consistência moída e líquidos espessados nível 1, quando foi iniciado o processo de desmame da SNE. Após 11 dias desde o início da terapia fonoaudiológica, foi sacada a SNE de forma segura observando aceitação oral de 85% das necessidades nutricionais. Ao total foram 19 dias de acompanhamento em conjunto até o diagnóstico de deglutição funcional e alta fonoaudiológica com manutenção do estado nutricional. Resultado: Os atendimentos da equipe de fonoaudiologia e a nutrição, assim como o trabalho interdisciplinar realizado, promoveram a transição da via alternativa para a via oral de alimentação com sucesso e segurança ao paciente. Conclusão: Visando a reabilitação do sistema estomatognático, manutenção do estado nutricional e plena recuperação do trauma cirúrgico, o trabalho interdisciplinar possibilitou o desmame da via alternativa de alimentação e a introdução da via oral de forma segura. O trabalho de reabilitação compartilhado entre a nutrição e a fonoaudiologia promove efetividade no acompanhamento nutricional nos casos complexos no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca alimentar, para obter uma relação mais concisa entre esses dois grupos de variáveis.
Assuntos
IdosoRESUMO
Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of mineral-amino acid complexes (AACM) as a partial replacement of inorganic mineral (IM) in layer-type chicks' diets. Both studies had the same dietary treatments, where in experiment 1 (Exp. 1) was conducted under thermoneutral conditions from 0 to 35 D and chicks in experiment 2 (Exp. 2) were exposed to cold stress conditions at nighttime during the first 15 D and to thermoneutral condition from 16 to 35 D. For each trial, 1,200 one-day-old Lohmann Brown chicks were used, with 20 cage replicates with 30 chicks per cage. Treatments consisted of the control diet (IM; with 70, 70, and 8 mg/kg of zinc [Zn], manganese [Mn], and copper [Cu], respectively) and the treatment diet (AACM, with 40, 40, and 2.75 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively, from IM sources, along with 30, 30, and 5.25 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively). Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and means were compared using the t-test (P < 0.05). In Exp. 1, there were no significant differences between treatments on chick performance. However, AACM-fed chicks had higher thymus (P = 0.03) and cecum weight (P < 0.01), superior micromineral deposition in the tibias (P < 0.01), and reduced phosphorus excretion (P = 0.03). In Exp. 2, chicks fed with AACM had higher body weight gain (P = 0.04), better average daily feed intake (P = 0.03), lower phosphorus excretion (P = 0.02), and higher liver and pancreas weight (P < 0.01) in the last week of the study. In conclusion, chicks fed with AACM under thermoneutral conditions had higher bone mineralization and reduced excretion of phosphorus, and in adverse conditions, AACM improves performance and liver and pancreas weight, also reducing phosphorus excretion.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Osso e Ossos , Galinhas , Resposta ao Choque Frio , Suplementos Nutricionais , Metais Pesados , Aminoácidos/química , Aminoácidos/farmacologia , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Galinhas/fisiologia , Resposta ao Choque Frio/efeitos dos fármacos , Cobre/química , Cobre/farmacologia , Dieta/veterinária , Manganês/química , Manganês/farmacologia , Metais Pesados/química , Metais Pesados/farmacologia , Zinco/química , Zinco/farmacologiaRESUMO
Malnutrition is still considered endemic in many developing countries. Malnutrition-enteric infections may cause lasting deleterious effects on lipid metabolism, especially in children living in poor settings. The regional basic diet (RBD), produced to mimic the Brazilian northeastern dietary characteristics (rich in carbohydrate and low in protein) has been used in experimental malnutrition models, but few studies have explored the effect of chronic RBD on liver function, a central organ involved in cholesterol metabolism. This study aimed to investigate whether RBD leads to liver inflammatory changes and altered reverse cholesterol metabolism in C57BL6/J mice compared to the control group, receiving a standard chow diet. To evaluate liver inflammation, ionized calcium-binding adapter protein-1 (IBA-1) positive cell counting, interleukin (IL)-1ß immunohistochemistry, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-10 transcription levels were analyzed. In addition, we assessed reverse cholesterol transport by measuring liver apolipoprotein (Apo)E, ApoA-I, and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) by RT-PCR. Furthermore, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was measured to assess liver function. RBD markedly impaired body weight gain compared with the control group (P<0.05). Higher hepatic TNF-α (P<0.0001) and IL-10 (P=0.001) mRNA levels were found in RBD-challenged mice, although without detectable non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Marked IBA-1 immunolabeling and increased number of positive-IBA-1 cells were found in the undernourished group. No statistical difference in serum ALT was found. There was also a significant increase in ApoA mRNA expression in the undernourished group, but not ApoE and LCAT, compared with the control. Altogether our findings suggested that chronic RBD-induced malnutrition leads to liver inflammation with increased ApoA-I activity.
Assuntos
Apolipoproteína A-I/sangue , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Inflamação/metabolismo , Desnutrição/metabolismo , Animais , Apolipoproteína A-I/metabolismo , Brasil , Doença Crônica , Humanos , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/patologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Desnutrição/sangue , Desnutrição/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Malnutrition is still considered endemic in many developing countries. Malnutrition-enteric infections may cause lasting deleterious effects on lipid metabolism, especially in children living in poor settings. The regional basic diet (RBD), produced to mimic the Brazilian northeastern dietary characteristics (rich in carbohydrate and low in protein) has been used in experimental malnutrition models, but few studies have explored the effect of chronic RBD on liver function, a central organ involved in cholesterol metabolism. This study aimed to investigate whether RBD leads to liver inflammatory changes and altered reverse cholesterol metabolism in C57BL6/J mice compared to the control group, receiving a standard chow diet. To evaluate liver inflammation, ionized calcium-binding adapter protein-1 (IBA-1) positive cell counting, interleukin (IL)-1β immunohistochemistry, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-10 transcription levels were analyzed. In addition, we assessed reverse cholesterol transport by measuring liver apolipoprotein (Apo)E, ApoA-I, and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) by RT-PCR. Furthermore, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was measured to assess liver function. RBD markedly impaired body weight gain compared with the control group (P<0.05). Higher hepatic TNF-α (P<0.0001) and IL-10 (P=0.001) mRNA levels were found in RBD-challenged mice, although without detectable non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Marked IBA-1 immunolabeling and increased number of positive-IBA-1 cells were found in the undernourished group. No statistical difference in serum ALT was found. There was also a significant increase in ApoA mRNA expression in the undernourished group, but not ApoE and LCAT, compared with the control. Altogether our findings suggested that chronic RBD-induced malnutrition leads to liver inflammation with increased ApoA-I activity.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Coelhos , Ratos , Apolipoproteína A-I/sangue , Desnutrição/metabolismo , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Inflamação/metabolismo , Brasil , Doença Crônica , Apolipoproteína A-I/metabolismo , Desnutrição/patologia , Desnutrição/sangue , Inflamação/patologia , Inflamação/sangue , Fígado/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
The photofragmentation dynamics of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) with photon energies from 12 eV up to 320 eV, surrounding the C 1s edge is discussed. The ionic moieties were measured in coincidence with the ejected electrons (PEPICO mode), and detected as a function of the photon energy. Around the C K core edge, the fragmentation profiles are examined regarding the site specific excitation of the CH2FCF3 molecule. In the present case, site-selectivity is favored by the distinct chemical environments surrounding both C atoms. NEXAFS spectrum at the C 1s edge simulation has been obtained at the TDDFT level and excited state geometry optimization calculations have been performed at the inner-shell multiconfigurational self-consistent field level. Our observations indicate that the C(H2F) 1s excitation to a highly repulsive potential expels a fluorine atom leaving the heavier radical fragment C2F3H2* which relaxes to the fundamental state of the ion C2F3H2+. On the other hand, the excitation from the C(F3) 1s carbon to a repulsive state in the C-C bond, leads to a C-C bond cleavage, explaining the observed site specific fragmentation.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to identify the percentage of bone tissue donation in a brain death situation and the tendency of donation rate of this tissue in an organ procurement organization in the county of Sao Paulo from 2001 to 2016. It is a retrospective and quantitative study, based on the Organ and Tissue Donation Term of donors who died of brain death between 2001 and 2016. METHODS: A logistic regression model was applied, and the odds of donation were identified throughout the years, regarding the odds ratio different from zero. Finally, it was measured the accuracy of the odds ratio through the confidence interval. RESULTS: The analysis has shown a significant change on the trend of bone donation (P < .001). In this case, the odds ratio was >1, indicating that the donation rate has increased. However, the percentage of growth is still considered low. CONCLUSIONS: The study evidences a growth trend regarding the donation of bone tissue, but the percentage is still too low to adequately meet the demand of patients who need this modality of therapeutic intervention. It is believed that educational campaigns of donation are not emphasizing the donation of tissues for transplantation, which may be directly impacting their consent rates.
Assuntos
Transplante Ósseo/estatística & dados numéricos , Doadores de Tecidos/provisão & distribuição , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Osso e Ossos , Morte Encefálica , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to identify the tendency toward donations of tissue and organs from donors with brain death between 2001 and 2016 as registered by an organ procurement organization in São Paulo City. METHODS: This quantitative, retrospective, exploratory study encompassed all Tissue and Organ Donation Terms signed between 2001 and 2016. A logistic regression model was applied to verify whether there was an upward or downward trend in donation. RESULTS: After statistical analysis, a significant change trend was identified in skin, bones, valve, vessel, heart, lung, and pancreas donations, indicating an increase in the donation rate through the years. The donation rate did not show changes over the years for donations of liver, kidneys, and corneas. CONCLUSIONS: The decision-making process regarding organ and tissue donation is restricted not only to the dilemma of whether to donate but another question then arises as well: which organs and tissues are to be donated? The discrepancy between the authorization for organ donation and the authorization for tissue donation, as well as the option for one or another organ and/or tissue, must be thoroughly examined because these factors directly affect the number of transplants and acquirements effectively accomplished. These factors may be related to explaining to one's relatives aspects of the surgery, body reassembling, and usage of such organs and/or tissues. They may also be related to the lack of knowledge concerning organ donation and the symbolism represented by the organ and/or tissue, among other factors.
Assuntos
Transplante de Órgãos/psicologia , Transplante de Órgãos/tendências , Doadores de Tecidos/psicologia , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/tendências , Brasil , Tomada de Decisões , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), and to evaluate the population fluctuation of the pest in the Brazilian Cerrado (Federal District). The study was conducted, between November 2014 and October 2015, at Embrapa Cerrados (Planaltina/DF, Brazil) in an irrigated conilon coffee production area. In November 2014, 120 samples (ten berries/sample) were collected from berries that had fallen on the ground from the previous harvest. Between November 2014 and October 2015, insects were collected weekly, using traps (polyethylene terephthalate bottles) baited with ethyl alcohol (98 GL), ethyl alcohol (98 GL) with coffee powder, or molasses. Between January and July 2015, samples were collected fortnightly from 92 plants (12 berries per plant). All samples were evaluated for the presence of adult coffee berry borers. Samples from the previous harvest had an attack incidence of 72.4%. The baited traps captured 4062 H. hampei adults, and showed no statistical difference in capture efficiency among the baits. Pest population peaked in the dry season, with the largest percentage of captured adults occurring in July (31.0%). An average of 18.6% of the collected berries was attacked by the borer and the highest percentage incidence was recorded in July (33.2%). Our results suggest that the coffee berry borer, if not properly managed, could constitute a limiting factor for conilon coffee production in the Brazilian Cerrado.
Assuntos
Coffea , Gorgulhos , Animais , Brasil , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
In the present study we evaluated the cardiovascular effects produced by microinjection of the new component of the renin-angiotensin system, alamandine, into caudal ventrolateral medulla of urethane-anesthetized normotensive and hypertensive 2K1C rats. The participation of different angiotensin receptors in the effects of alamandine was also evaluated. Microinjection of angiotensin-(1-7) was used for comparison. The microinjection of 4, 40 and 140pmol of alamandine or angiotensin-(1-7) into caudal ventrolateral medulla induced similar hypotensive effects in Sham-operated rats. However, contrasting with angiotensin-(1-7), in 2K1C rats the MAP response to the highest dose of alamandine was similar to that observed with saline. The microinjection of A-779, a selective Mas receptor antagonist, blunted the angiotensin-(1-7) effects but did not block the hypotensive effect of alamandine in Sham or in 2K1C rats. However, microinjection of D-Pro7-angiotensin-(1-7), a Mas/MrgD receptor antagonist, blocked the hypotensive effect induced by both peptides. Furthermore, microinjection of PD123319, a putative AT2 receptor antagonist blocked the hypotensive effect of alamandine, but not of angiotensin-(1-7), in Sham and 2K1C rats. Microinjection of the AT1 receptor antagonist, losartan, did not alter the hypotensive effect of angiotensin-(1-7) or alamandine in both groups. These results provide new insights about the differential mechanisms participating in the central cardiovascular effects of alamandine and angiotensin-(1-7) in normotensive and 2K1C hypertensive rats.
Assuntos
Bloqueadores do Receptor Tipo 2 de Angiotensina II/farmacologia , Angiotensina I/toxicidade , Hipertensão/induzido quimicamente , Oligopeptídeos/toxicidade , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/toxicidade , Animais , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Masculino , Piridinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Receptor Tipo 2 de Angiotensina/metabolismo , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
These experiments were performed to determine the chemical composition, coefficients of nutrient and energy metabolizability, amino acid composition, and cytotoxicity of different castor oil meals subjected to different detoxification processes and added to the diet of Japanese quails. In the trial, 180 46-d-old female Japanese quails were distributed according to a completely randomized design into five treatments and with replicates of six bird each. The treatments consisted of following detoxification methods of castor oil meal: Castor oil meal A (CMA) - recovery in alcohol at 80 °C for 20 minutes and drying at 80 °C; castor oil meal B (CMB) and C (CMC) - recovery in alcohol at 80 °C for 6 minutes, neutralization with 5% NaOH, and drying under direct sunlight sun for two days (CMB) or pelleted (CMC); castor oil meal D (CMD) - recovery in alcohol at 110 °C for 15 minutes and drying at 110 °C. Castor oil meal was added replacing 20% of the reference diet. There was slight chemical composition variation (1.21% in crude protein, 6% in dry matter, 2.2% in ether extract and 64 kcal/kg in gross energy) among the castor oil meals submitted to the different treatments. The castor oil meal submitted to treatment C showed the highest amino acid values. In the cytotoxicity test, treatment D presented lower ricin activity. Castor oil meals A, C, and D may be included in Japanese quail diets; however, castor oil meal D is recommended due to the simplicity its industrial process, its low toxicity, and metabolizability coefficients obtained.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Coturnix/classificação , Coturnix/metabolismo , Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Ração Animal/análise , Ração Animal/classificaçãoRESUMO
These experiments were performed to determine the chemical composition, coefficients of nutrient and energy metabolizability, amino acid composition, and cytotoxicity of different castor oil meals subjected to different detoxification processes and added to the diet of Japanese quails. In the trial, 180 46-d-old female Japanese quails were distributed according to a completely randomized design into five treatments and with replicates of six bird each. The treatments consisted of following detoxification methods of castor oil meal: Castor oil meal A (CMA) - recovery in alcohol at 80 °C for 20 minutes and drying at 80 °C; castor oil meal B (CMB) and C (CMC) - recovery in alcohol at 80 °C for 6 minutes, neutralization with 5% NaOH, and drying under direct sunlight sun for two days (CMB) or pelleted (CMC); castor oil meal D (CMD) - recovery in alcohol at 110 °C for 15 minutes and drying at 110 °C. Castor oil meal was added replacing 20% of the reference diet. There was slight chemical composition variation (1.21% in crude protein, 6% in dry matter, 2.2% in ether extract and 64 kcal/kg in gross energy) among the castor oil meals submitted to the different treatments. The castor oil meal submitted to treatment C showed the highest amino acid values. In the cytotoxicity test, treatment D presented lower ricin activity. Castor oil meals A, C, and D may be included in Japanese quail diets; however, castor oil meal D is recommended due to the simplicity its industrial process, its low toxicity, and metabolizability coefficients obtained.
Assuntos
Animais , Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Coturnix/classificação , Coturnix/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Ração Animal/classificaçãoRESUMO
Exercise training (Ex) has been recommended for its beneficial effects in hypertensive states. The present study evaluated the time-course effects of Ex without workload on mean arterial pressure (MAP), reflex bradycardia, cardiac and renal histology, and oxidative stress in two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. Male Fischer rats (10 weeks old; 150–180 g) underwent surgery (2K1C or SHAM) and were subsequently divided into a sedentary (SED) group and Ex group (swimming 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks). Until week 4, Ex decreased MAP, increased reflex bradycardia, prevented concentric hypertrophy, reduced collagen deposition in the myocardium and kidneys, decreased the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the left ventricle, and increased the catalase (CAT) activity in the left ventricle and both kidneys. From week 6 to week 10, however, MAP and reflex bradycardia in 2K1C Ex rats became similar to those in 2K1C SED rats. Ex effectively reduced heart rate and prevented collagen deposition in the heart and both kidneys up to week 10, and restored the level of TBARS in the left ventricle and clipped kidney and the CAT activity in both kidneys until week 8. Ex without workload for 10 weeks in 2K1C rats provided distinct beneficial effects. The early effects of Ex on cardiovascular function included reversing MAP and reflex bradycardia. The later effects of Ex included preventing structural alterations in the heart and kidney by decreasing oxidative stress and reducing injuries in these organs during hypertension.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Hipertensão Renovascular/fisiopatologia , Rim/patologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Pressão Arterial/fisiologia , Barorreflexo/fisiologia , Bradicardia/metabolismo , Bradicardia/patologia , Catalase/metabolismo , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Rim/metabolismo , Miocárdio/enzimologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Artéria Renal/cirurgia , Comportamento Sedentário , Estruturas Criadas Cirurgicamente , Fatores de Tempo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análiseRESUMO
Exercise training (Ex) has been recommended for its beneficial effects in hypertensive states. The present study evaluated the time-course effects of Ex without workload on mean arterial pressure (MAP), reflex bradycardia, cardiac and renal histology, and oxidative stress in two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. Male Fischer rats (10 weeks old; 150-180 g) underwent surgery (2K1C or SHAM) and were subsequently divided into a sedentary (SED) group and Ex group (swimming 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks). Until week 4, Ex decreased MAP, increased reflex bradycardia, prevented concentric hypertrophy, reduced collagen deposition in the myocardium and kidneys, decreased the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the left ventricle, and increased the catalase (CAT) activity in the left ventricle and both kidneys. From week 6 to week 10, however, MAP and reflex bradycardia in 2K1C Ex rats became similar to those in 2K1C SED rats. Ex effectively reduced heart rate and prevented collagen deposition in the heart and both kidneys up to week 10, and restored the level of TBARS in the left ventricle and clipped kidney and the CAT activity in both kidneys until week 8. Ex without workload for 10 weeks in 2K1C rats provided distinct beneficial effects. The early effects of Ex on cardiovascular function included reversing MAP and reflex bradycardia. The later effects of Ex included preventing structural alterations in the heart and kidney by decreasing oxidative stress and reducing injuries in these organs during hypertension.
Assuntos
Hipertensão Renovascular/fisiopatologia , Rim/patologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Animais , Pressão Arterial/fisiologia , Barorreflexo/fisiologia , Bradicardia/metabolismo , Bradicardia/patologia , Catalase/metabolismo , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Rim/metabolismo , Masculino , Miocárdio/enzimologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Ratos Endogâmicos F344 , Artéria Renal/cirurgia , Comportamento Sedentário , Estruturas Criadas Cirurgicamente , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análise , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We hypothesize that exercise training (EX) reverses the level of nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress into rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of renovascular hypertensive rats (two kidneys, one clip - 2K1C). Microinjections of L-arginine (5 nmol), L-NAME (10 nmol), or saline (100 nl) were made into RVLM of 2K1C and normotensive (SHAM) rats sedentary (SED) or subjected to swimming for 4 weeks. mRNA expression (by qRT-PCR) of nitric oxide synthases isoforms (nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper and zinc superoxide (Cu/ZnSOD), catalase (CAT), NADPH oxidase subunit p22(phox), concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and CAT activity into RVLM were evaluated. The mean arterial pressure was reduced in 2K1C EX compared with that in 2K1C SED rats. L-arginine into RVLM induced hypertensive effect in 2K1C and SHAM SED rats, while L-NAME prevented hypertensive effect only in SHAM-SED. EX reduced hypertensive effect of L-arginine in SHAM and 2K1C rats. mRNA expression of NOS isoforms, p22(phox), and concentration of TBARS were increased while CAT and Cu/ZnSOD expression and CAT activity decreased into RVLM of 2K1C-SED compared with SHAM-SED rats. Additionally, EX reversed mRNA expression of CAT and NOS isoforms, concentration of TBARS, and CAT activity into RVLM of 2K1C-EX rats. These data suggest that the levels of NOS and oxidative stress into RVLM are important to determine the level of hypertension. Furthermore, EX can restore the blood pressure by reversing the levels of NOS and CAT expression, and reducing TBARS concentration into RVLM for the physiological state.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/metabolismo , Bulbo/fisiopatologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/metabolismo , Condicionamento Físico Animal/métodos , Animais , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , RatosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A long-term imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators leads to airway remodelling, which is strongly correlated to most of the symptoms, severity and progression of chronic lung inflammation. The Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)]/Mas receptor axis of the renin-angiotensin system is associated with attenuation of acute and chronic inflammatory processes. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ang-(1-7) treatment in a model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA; 4 injections over 42 days, 14 days apart) and were challenged three times per week (days 21-46). These mice received Ang-(1-7) (1 µg·h(-1) , s.c.) by osmotic mini-pumps, for the last 28 days. Histology and morphometric analysis were performed in left lung and right ventricle. Airway responsiveness to methacholine, analysis of Ang-(1-7) levels (RIA), collagen I and III (qRT-PCR), ERK1/2 and JNK (Western blotting), IgE (elisa), cytokines and chemokines (elisa multiplex), and immunohistochemistry for Mas receptors were performed. KEY RESULTS: Infusion of Ang-(1-7) in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition in the airways and lung parenchyma, and prevented bronchial hyperresponsiveness. These effects were accompanied by decreased IgE and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mas receptors were detected in the epithelium and bronchial smooth muscle, suggesting a site in the lung for the beneficial actions of Ang-(1-7). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Ang-(1-7) exerted beneficial attenuation of three major features of chronic asthma: lung inflammation, airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness. Our results support an important protective role of Ang-(1-7) in lung inflammation.
Assuntos
Remodelação das Vias Aéreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Angiotensina I/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/prevenção & controle , Broncoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Pneumonia/prevenção & controle , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Animais , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/induzido quimicamente , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/metabolismo , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/fisiopatologia , Colágeno/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipertrofia Ventricular Direita/induzido quimicamente , Hipertrofia Ventricular Direita/fisiopatologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Direita/prevenção & controle , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Ovalbumina , Fosforilação , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamente , Pneumonia/metabolismo , Pneumonia/fisiopatologia , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/agonistas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/induzido quimicamente , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/fisiopatologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Congenital aniridia is a rare genetic disorder characterized by varying degrees of iris hypoplasia that are associated with additional ocular abnormalities. More than 90% of the causal mutations identified are found in the PAX6 gene, a transcription factor of critical importance in the process of neurogenesis and ocular development. Here, we investigate clinical, molecular, and craniofacial features of a large Brazilian family with congenital aniridia. Among the 56 eyes evaluated, phenotype variation encompassed bilateral total aniridia to mild iris defects with extensive variation between eyes of the same individual. PAX6 molecular screening indicated a heterozygous splice mutation (c.141 + 1G>A). Thus, we hypothesize that this splicing event may cause variation in the expression of the wild-type transcript, which may lead to the observed variation in phenotype. Affected individuals were more brachycephalic, even though their face height and cephalic circumference were not significantly different when compared to those of non-affected relatives. From this, we infer that the head shape of affected subjects may also be a result of the PAX6 splice-site mutation. Our data summarize the clinical variability associated with the ocular phenotype in a large family with aniridia, and help shed light on the role of PAX6 in neurocranial development.
Assuntos
Aniridia/genética , Aniridia/patologia , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/patologia , Anormalidades do Olho/patologia , Proteínas do Olho/genética , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Box Pareados/genética , Fenótipo , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Sequência de Bases , Brasil , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutação/genética , Fator de Transcrição PAX6 , Linhagem , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
An experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) values of corn, soybean meal (SBM), soybean oil (SO) and sugarcane yeast (SY) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). A metabolism trial was performed with 120 Dekalb White laying hens at 65 weeks of age, using the method of total excreta collection. Birds were housed in metabolism cages and distributed according to a completely randomized design into five treatments with, six replicates of four birds each. The experimental period consisted of four days of adaptation and four days of excreta collection. The experimental diets included: a reference diet based on corn and SBM and four test diets containing 40% corn, 30% SBM, 10% SO or 30 % SY. The chemical compositions of the tested ingredients, expressed on "as-is" basis were: 86.9, 87.29, 87.32 and 99.5% dry matter; and 3.51, 2.08, 99.31 and 0.03 ether extract for corn, SBM, SO and SY, respectively. Corn, SBM, and SO presented 7.33, 43.61 and 24.64% crude protein, and 0.58, 5.07 and 6.77% ash, respectively; and crude fiber contents of corn and SBM were, respectively, 2.24% and 3.56%. The following AME and AMEn (kcal/kg dry matter) values were obtained: 3,801 and 3,760 kcal/kg for corn, 2,640 and 2,557 kcal/kg for SBM, 8,952 and 8,866 kcal/kg for SO, and 1,023 and 925 kcal/kg for sugarcane yeast, respectively.(AU)