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Introducción: los primeros molares permanentes son considerados dientes pilares fundamentales en la cavidad bucal, su pérdida precoz causa un daño irreparable, dado su papel como llave de la oclusión dentaria. Objetivo: evaluar el estado de salud del primer molar permanente. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva y transversal en la Escuela Primaria “Raúl Gómez García,” perteneciente al área de salud de Milanés de la Clínica “III Congreso del PCC,” del municipio de Matanzas, en el período del curso académico 2013 - 2014. De un universo de 382 niños que constituían la matrícula total de la escuela, se seleccionaron mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple, una muestra de 298, de la edad de 6 a 11 años, que tenían presente en boca los cuatro primeros molares permanentes en el momento del examen. Se estudiaron variables como: edad, sexo, superficies afectadas del primer molar permanente, estado del primer molar permanente, afectación del paciente, e Índice epidemiológico de Clune. Los datos fueron registrados en tablas y el procedimiento estadístico dado en porcentaje. Se contó con el consentimiento de la dirección de la escuela y de los padres de los niños. Resultados: las superficies o caras de los molares más afectados fueron las oclusales tanto por caries (36,5 %), como obturadas (28,1 %). Del total de la muestra, 208 niños presentaron sus cuatro primeros molares libres de caries, para un 69,8 %. Solo 1 niño fue clasificado de grave, para un 1,8 %. Conclusiones: un elevado número de niños presentaron sus primeros molares libres de caries dental y pocos la pérdida del primer molar permanente.

Background: the first permanent molars are considered main pillar teeth in the oral cavity. Their precocious lost causes an irreparable damage, given their role as the key of the dental occlusion. Aim: to evaluate the first permanent molar health status. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational research was carried out in the Primary School “Raul Gómez García,” belonging to Milanes health area of the Clinic “III Congreso del PCC,” municipality of Matanzas, in the period of the school year 2013- 2014. From the universe of 382 children matriculated in the school, via simple randomized screening, there they were chosen 298 children who had in their mouth the four first permanent molars at the moment of the examination. The studied variables were age, gender, damaged surfaces of the first permanent molar, status of the first permanent molar, patients’ affectation, and Clune´s epidemiologic index. Data were registered in charts and the statistical procedure was given in percentages. The informed consent was given by parents and the managing staff of the school. Outcomes: the most damaged molar surfaces or sides were the occlusal ones because of caries (36.5 %) and because of obturations (28.1 %). From the total of the sample, 208 children had their four first molars free of caries, for 69.8 %. Only 1 child was classified as seriously ill, for 1.8 %. Conclusions: a high number of children had their first molars free of dental caries and few of them had lost their first permanent molar.

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The occurrence of treatment failures to first-line treatment for giardiasis, one of the most widespread although neglected parasitic disease, has long been recognised. Nowadays, it starts to represent a great challenge to clinicians, especially in endemic countries. This requires the introduction of new drug interventions, but the development of novel drugs is a time and money consuming effort with most of the compounds never reaching the market. Consequently, alternative strategies are needed, especially for the treatment of giardiasis. Chloroquine (CQ), a synthetic drug developed as antimalarial agent, has been shown to also exert antigiardial activity. Here, we present a mini-research summarizing results on the treatment of human clinical cases with CQ, going through in vitro research, case report, and case series to human clinical trials, highlighting the benefits and mentioning possible adverse effects.

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RESUMO

The occurrence of treatment failures to first-line treatment for giardiasis, one of the most widespread although neglected parasitic disease, has long been recognised. Nowadays, it starts to represent a great challenge to clinicians, especially in endemic countries. This requires the introduction of new drug interventions, but the development of novel drugs is a time and money consuming effort with most of the compounds never reaching the market. Consequently, alternative strategies are needed, especially for the treatment of giardiasis. Chloroquine (CQ), a synthetic drug developed as antimalarial agent, has been shown to also exert antigiardial activity. Here, we present a mini-research summarizing results on the treatment of human clinical cases with CQ, going through in vitro research, case report, and case series to human clinical trials, highlighting the benefits and mentioning possible adverse effects

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RESUMO

Introducción: el cáncer de útero es, después del cáncer de mama, el que más frecuentemente afecta a la mujer. La detección y tratamiento temprano de las lesiones premalignas garantizan la durabilidad de esta afección. Objetivo: conocer el comportamiento de las citologías orgánicas alteradas en un área de salud. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo en el Policlínico Este del municipio Camagüey en el período de enero de 2005 a diciembre de 2010. El universo estuvo constituido por las 189 mujeres que presentaron citologías orgánicas anormales en el período antes señalado. Se recogieron variables como: grupo de edades, resultados de las citologías orgánicas según toma de muestra, edad de las primeras relaciones sexuales, número de partos, diagnóstico citológico de infección por virus del papiloma humano (VPH). Resultados: poco menos de la mitad de las mujeres inició las relaciones sexuales antes de los 18 años (46,56 %) y la mayoría tenía entre 1 y 3 partos (83,06 %). El 56,08 % de las pacientes presentaron infección por VPH. Conclusiones: predominaron las pacientes con neoplasia intraepitelial cervical II, el año 2006 fue el de mayor incidencia de lesiones de cuello uterino.

Introduction: uterine cancer is the type of cancer which most frequently affects women after breast cancer. The early detection and treatment of pre-malignant damage guarantees the durability of this condition. Objective: to understand the behavior of organic altered Pap in one health area. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted I, the eastern polyclinic in Camagüey municipality from January 2005 to December 2010. The sample consisted of 189 women who had abnormal Pap organic in the aforementioned period. Variables were collected such as: age group, organic cytology results according to sampling, age of first intercourse, parity, cytological diagnosis of infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Results: slightly less than half of these women had their first sex intercourse before the age of 18 (46.56 %) and most had had 1-3 births (83.06 %). 56.08 % of these patients had HPV infection. Conclusions: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II was predominant in these patients. The highest incidence of cervical lesions occurred in 2006.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: El bajo peso al nacer constituye uno de los principales problemas obstétricos actuales pues está relacionado con más del 75 por ciento de la mortalidad perinatal. Las infecciones del tracto genital se asocian a numerosas complicaciones como aborto espontáneo, elevada morbimortalidad, bajo peso al nacer, endometritis posparto y secuelas en los neonatos sobrevivientes. OBJETIVO: Conocer la relación del bajo peso al nacer con la sepsis vaginal en el área de salud del policlínico Este del municipio Camagüey, durante el trienio 2007-2009. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, acerca de la relación del bajo peso al nacer con la sepsis vaginal en el área de salud. El universo estuvo conformado por los 1 151 nacidos vivos en el periodo y se tomó como muestra los 55 niños que nacieron con peso inferior a 2 500 g, independientemente de la edad gestacional, aplicándoles a las madres un cuestionario (previo consentimiento informado) que contenía las variables: presencia de sepsis, tipo de germen, rotura prematura de membranas y modificaciones cervicales durante el embarazo. RESULTADOS: El 72,72 por ciento de las madres tuvieron en algún momento del embarazo sepsis vaginal, el germen más frecuente fue la trichomonas vaginalis con el 50,90 por ciento; el 52,5 por ciento de las gestantes aunque tenían sepsis vaginal no presentaron modificaciones cervicales. CONCLUSIONES: Las tres cuartas partes de las gestantes tuvieron sepsis vaginal, más de la mitad de las gestantes que tuvieron sepsis vaginal presentaron rotura prematura de membranas

INTRODUCTION: The low-birth weight is one of the major current obstetric problems since it is related to with more than the 75 percent of the perinatal mortality. The genital tract infections are associated with many complications including the spontaneous abortion, a high morbidity and mortality, the low-birth weight, postpartum endometritis and the sequelae in surviving neonates. OBJECTIVE: To know the relationship between the low-birth weight and vaginal sepsis in a health area of the East polyclinic of Camag³ey municipality from 2007-2009. METHODS: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted to know the relationship between the low-birth weight and vaginal sepsis in the above mentioned health area. Universe included 1 151 newborns during the period taking like sample a group of 55 children weighing less than 2 500 g, independently of the gestational age, applying to mothers a questionnaire (previous informed consent) including the following variables: presence of sepsis, type of germen, an premature rupture of membranes and cervical modifications during pregnancy. RESULTS: The 72.72 percent of mothers had during any moment of pregnancy vaginal sepsis, the more frequent germ was the Trichomonas vaginalis with the 50.90 percent; the remainder 52.5 percent although despite the presence of vaginal sepsis had not cervical modifications. CONCLUSIONS: The three quarter of pregnant women had vaginal sepsis, more than half with this type of sepsis also had a premature rupture of membranes

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