RESUMO
This study aimed to analyze PBMT effects on futsal player's performance and recovery in a non-controlled field environment. It is a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. The research included six professional athletes and in each match phototherapy treatments were performed before matches (40 minutes), blood samples were collected before treatments, and samples immediately after the end of the matches and 48 h after. Furthermore, videos were analyzed to quantify the time athletes spent on the pitch and the distance they covered. PBMT was performed at 17 sites of each lower limb (40 mins before matches), employing a cluster with 12 diodes (4 laser diodes of 905 nm, 4 LEDs of 875 nm, and 4 LEDs of 640 nm, 30 J per site). The performance of the athlete could be quantified considering the time on the pitch and the distance covered; the biochemical markers evaluated were creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, blood lactate, and oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. PBMT significantly increased the time of staying in the pitch and a significant improvement in all the biochemical markers evaluated. No statistically significant difference was found for the distance covered. Pre-exercise PBMT can enhance performance and accelerate recovery of high-level futsal players.
Assuntos
Atletas , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Resistência Física/fisiologia , Esportes , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate systemic inflammatory factors and their relation to success or failure in a spontaneous ventilation test. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 54 adult patients. Demographic data and clinical parameters were collected, and blood samples were collected in the first minute of the spontaneous ventilation test to evaluate interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Patients who experienced extubation failure presented a lower rapid shallow breathing index than those who passed, and these patients also showed a significant increase in C-reactive protein 48 hours after extubation. We observed, moreover, that each unit increase in inflammatory factors led to a higher risk of spontaneous ventilation test failure, with a risk of 2.27 (1.001 - 4.60, p=0.049) for TNFα, 2.23 (1.06 - 6.54, p=0.037) for IL-6, 2.66 (1.06 - 6.70, p=0.037) for IL-8 and 2.08 (1.01 - 4.31, p=0.04) for IL-10, and the rapid shallow breathing index was correlated with IL-1 (r=-0.51, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: C-reactive protein is increased in patients who fail the spontaneous ventilation test, and increased ILs are associated with a greater prevalence of failure in this process; the rapid shallow breathing index may not be effective in patients who present systemic inflammation.
Assuntos
Inflamação/sangue , Desmame do Respirador , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucinas/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Testes de Função Respiratória , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate systemic inflammatory factors and their relation to success or failure in a spontaneous ventilation test. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 54 adult patients. Demographic data and clinical parameters were collected, and blood samples were collected in the first minute of the spontaneous ventilation test to evaluate interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Patients who experienced extubation failure presented a lower rapid shallow breathing index than those who passed, and these patients also showed a significant increase in C-reactive protein 48 hours after extubation. We observed, moreover, that each unit increase in inflammatory factors led to a higher risk of spontaneous ventilation test failure, with a risk of 2.27 (1.001 - 4.60, p=0.049) for TNFα, 2.23 (1.06 - 6.54, p=0.037) for IL-6, 2.66 (1.06 - 6.70, p=0.037) for IL-8 and 2.08 (1.01 - 4.31, p=0.04) for IL-10, and the rapid shallow breathing index was correlated with IL-1 (r=-0.51, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: C-reactive protein is increased in patients who fail the spontaneous ventilation test, and increased ILs are associated with a greater prevalence of failure in this process; the rapid shallow breathing index may not be effective in patients who present systemic inflammation.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Desmame do Respirador , Inflamação/sangue , Testes de Função Respiratória , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiologia , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Interleucinas/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder associated with aging and obesity. Apneas cause repeated arousals, intermittent hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Changes in glucolipidic profile occur in apnea patients, independently of obesity. Animal models of sleep apnea induce hyperglycemia. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the antioxidants melatonin and N-acetylcysteine on glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in animals exposed to intermittent hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of Balb/c mice were exposed to intermittent hypoxia (n = 36) or sham intermittent hypoxia (n = 36) for 35 days. The intermittent hypoxia group underwent a total of 480 cycles of 30 seconds reducing the inspired oxygen fraction from 21% to 7 ± 1% followed by 30 seconds of normoxia, during 8 hours daily. Melatonin or N-acetylcysteine were injected intraperitonially daily from day 21 on. RESULTS: At day 35, glucose levels were significantly higher in the intermittent hypoxia group than in the control group. The intermittent hypoxia groups receiving N-acetylcysteine and vehicle showed higher glucose levels than the group receiving melatonin. The lipid profile was not affected by intermittent hypoxia or antioxidant administration. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that melatonin prevents the well-recognized increase in glucose levels that usually follows exposure to intermittent hypoxia. Further exploration of the role of melatonin in sleep apnea is warranted.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Hiperglicemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipóxia/tratamento farmacológico , Melatonina/farmacologia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/tratamento farmacológico , Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Animais , Glicemia/análise , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Colesterol/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Hipóxia/sangue , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Fatores de Tempo , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intermittent hypoxia-a model of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-on pancreatic expression of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), as well as on glycemic and lipid profiles, in C57BL mice. METHODS: For 8 h/day over a 35-day period, male C57BL mice were exposed to intermittent hypoxia (hypoxia group) or to a sham procedure (normoxia group). The intermittent hypoxia condition involved exposing mice to an atmosphere of 92% N and 8% CO2 for 30 s, progressively reducing the fraction of inspired oxygen to 8 ± 1%, after which they were exposed to room air for 30 s and the cycle was repeated (480 cycles over the 8-h experimental period). Pancreases were dissected to isolate the islets. Real-time PCR was performed with TaqMan assays. RESULTS: Expression of UCP2 mRNA in pancreatic islets was 20% higher in the normoxia group than in the hypoxia group (p = 0.11). Fasting serum insulin was higher in the hypoxia group than in the normoxia group (p = 0.01). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance indicated that, in comparison with the control mice, the mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia showed 15% lower insulin resistance (p = 0.09) and 21% higher pancreatic ß-cell function (p = 0.01). Immunohistochemical staining of the islets showed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the area or intensity of α- and ß-cell staining for insulin and glucagon. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of the effect of intermittent hypoxia on UCP2 expression. Our findings suggest that UCP2 regulates insulin production in OSA. Further study of the role that UCP2 plays in the glycemic control of OSA patients is warranted.
Assuntos
Hipóxia/metabolismo , Canais Iônicos/metabolismo , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/metabolismo , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipóxia/fisiopatologia , Resistência à Insulina , Canais Iônicos/genética , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/fisiopatologia , Proteína Desacopladora 2RESUMO
Objective: To investigate the effect of intermittent hypoxia-a model of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-on pancreatic expression of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), as well as on glycemic and lipid profiles, in C57BL mice. Methods: For 8 h/day over a 35-day period, male C57BL mice were exposed to intermittent hypoxia (hypoxia group) or to a sham procedure (normoxia group). The intermittent hypoxia condition involved exposing mice to an atmosphere of 92% N and 8% CO2 for 30 s, progressively reducing the fraction of inspired oxygen to 8 ± 1%, after which they were exposed to room air for 30 s and the cycle was repeated (480 cycles over the 8-h experimental period). Pancreases were dissected to isolate the islets. Real-time PCR was performed with TaqMan assays. Results: Expression of UCP2 mRNA in pancreatic islets was 20% higher in the normoxia group than in the hypoxia group (p = 0.11). Fasting serum insulin was higher in the hypoxia group than in the normoxia group (p = 0.01). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance indicated that, in comparison with the control mice, the mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia showed 15% lower insulin resistance (p = 0.09) and 21% higher pancreatic β-cell function (p = 0.01). Immunohistochemical staining of the islets showed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the area or intensity of α- and β-cell staining for insulin and glucagon. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of the effect of intermittent hypoxia on UCP2 expression. Our findings suggest that UCP2 regulates insulin production in OSA. Further study of the role that UCP2 plays in the glycemic control of OSA patients is warranted. .
Objetivo: Investigar o efeito da hipóxia intermitente com um modelo de apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) sobre a expressão de uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), assim como sobre perfis glicêmicos e lipídicos, em camundongos C57BL. Métodos: Camundongos C57BL machos foram expostos a hipóxia intermitente ou hipóxia simulada (grupo controle) 8 h/dia durante 35 dias. A condição de hipóxia intermitente envolveu a exposição dos camundongos a uma atmosfera de 92% de N e 8% de CO2 por 30 s, com redução progressiva de fração de O2 inspirado até 8 ± 1%, seguida por exposição a ar ambiente por 30 s e repetições do ciclo (480 ciclos no período experimental de 8 h). Os pâncreas foram dissecados para isolar as ilhotas. Foi realizada PCR em tempo real utilizando o método TaqMan. Resultados: A expressão do mRNA da UCP2 nas ilhotas pancreáticas foi 20% maior no grupo controle que no grupo hipóxia (p = 0,11). A insulina sérica de jejum foi maior no grupo hipóxia do que no grupo controle (p = 0,01). O modelo de avaliação da homeostase de resistência à insulina indicou que, em comparação com os camundongos controle, aqueles expostos à hipóxia intermitente apresentaram 15% menor resistência à insulina (p = 0,09) e 21% maior função das células beta (p = 0,01). A coloração das ilhotas pancreáticas por imuno-histoquímica não mostrou diferenças significativas entre os grupos em termos da área ou da intensidade das células alfa e beta, marcadas por insulina e glucagon. Conclusões: Segundo nosso conhecimento, esta é a primeira descrição do efeito da hipóxia intermitente sobre a expressão da UCP2. Nossos achados sugerem que UCP2 regula a produção de insulina na AOS. Futuras investigações sobre o papel da UCP2 no controle glicêmico em pacientes com AOS são justificadas. .
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Canais Iônicos/metabolismo , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/metabolismo , Hipóxia/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Resistência à Insulina , Canais Iônicos/genética , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Objective Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder associated with aging and obesity. Apneas cause repeated arousals, intermittent hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Changes in glucolipidic profile occur in apnea patients, independently of obesity. Animal models of sleep apnea induce hyperglycemia. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the antioxidants melatonin and N-acetylcysteine on glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in animals exposed to intermittent hypoxia. Materials and methods Two groups of Balb/c mice were exposed to intermittent hypoxia (n = 36) or sham intermittent hypoxia (n = 36) for 35 days. The intermittent hypoxia group underwent a total of 480 cycles of 30 seconds reducing the inspired oxygen fraction from 21% to 7 ± 1% followed by 30 seconds of normoxia, during 8 hours daily. Melatonin or N-acetylcysteine were injected intraperitonially daily from day 21 on. Results At day 35, glucose levels were significantly higher in the intermittent hypoxia group than in the control group. The intermittent hypoxia groups receiving N-acetylcysteine and vehicle showed higher glucose levels than the group receiving melatonin. The lipid profile was not affected by intermittent hypoxia or antioxidant administration. Conclusions The present results suggest that melatonin prevents the well-recognized increase in glucose levels that usually follows exposure to intermittent hypoxia. Further exploration of the role of melatonin in sleep apnea is warranted. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(1):66-70 .
Assuntos
Animais , Hipóxia/tratamento farmacológico , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Hiperglicemia/tratamento farmacológico , Melatonina/farmacologia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/tratamento farmacológico , Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Hipóxia/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Colesterol/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Fatores de Tempo , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To verify the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administered before and after ischaemia in an animal model of lung ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar rats were subjected to an experimental model of selective left pulmonary hilar clamping for 45 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion. The animals were divided into four groups: control group (SHAM), ischaemia-reperfusion, N-acetylcysteine-preischaemia (NAC-Pre) and NAC-postischaemia (NAC-Post). We recorded the haemodynamic parameters, blood gas analysis and histology. We measured the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration; the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine, cleaved caspase 3, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (IκB-α), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß); myeloperoxidase activity (MPO). RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in the haemodynamic parameters, blood gas analysis and SOD activity among the groups. Lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in the IR and NAC-Pre groups (P < 0.01). The expression of nitrotyrosine, cleaved caspase 3, NF-κB, IκB-α, TNF-α and IL-1ß were significantly higher in the IR group when compared with the SHAM and NAC groups (P < 0.01). The NAC-Pre group showed a significantly higher expression of these proteins when compared with the SHAM and NAC-Post groups (P < 0.05). After reperfusion, the expression of iNOS increased almost uniformly in all groups when compared with the SHAM group (P < 0.01). The histological analysis showed fewer inflammatory cells in the NAC groups. CONCLUSIONS: The intravenous administration of NAC demonstrated protective properties against lung IR injury. The use of NAC immediately after reperfusion potentiates its protective effects.
Assuntos
Acetilcisteína/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Lesão Pulmonar/prevenção & controle , Pulmão/irrigação sanguínea , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Administração Intravenosa , Animais , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Citoproteção , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinase I-kappa B/metabolismo , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Lesão Pulmonar/metabolismo , Lesão Pulmonar/patologia , Lesão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/fisiopatologia , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Tirosina/análogos & derivados , Tirosina/metabolismoRESUMO
CONTEXT: To evaluate lung and liver changes in two experimental models using intraperitoneal carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and bile duct ligation (BDL). methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into a control group (CO) and an experimental group (EX). We evaluated the liver transaminases (AST, ALT, AP), arterial blood gases (PaO2, PCO2 and SpO2) and lipid peroxidation by TBARS (substances that react to thiobarbituric acid) and chemiluminescence. We also evaluated the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and histology of lung tissue and liver. RESULTS: There were significant differences in AST, ALT, ALP and PaO2 between CO group and EX group (P<0.05). The levels of TBARS, chemiluminescence and activity of enzyme superoxide dismutase were increased to different degrees in the CCl4 groups: CO and in the BDL -EX (P<0.05, respectively). In the lung histology, an increase in the wall thickness of the pulmonary artery and a diameter reduction in the CCl4 animal model were observed: comparing CO group with EX group, we observed a reduction in thickness and an increase in the diameter of the artery wall lung. CONCLUSION: Both experimental models have caused liver damage and alterations in the artery wall that are associated with major changes in pulmonary gas exchange.
Assuntos
Cirrose Hepática Experimental/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Animais , Ductos Biliares/cirurgia , Gasometria , Tetracloreto de Carbono , Ligadura , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Fígado/enzimologia , Cirrose Hepática Experimental/sangue , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Transaminases/sangueRESUMO
Context To evaluate lung and liver changes in two experimental models using intraperitoneal carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and bile duct ligation (BDL). Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into a control group (CO) and an experimental group (EX). We evaluated the liver transaminases (AST, ALT, AP), arterial blood gases (PaO2, PCO2 and SpO2) and lipid peroxidation by TBARS (substances that react to thiobarbituric acid) and chemiluminescence. We also evaluated the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and histology of lung tissue and liver. Results There were significant differences in AST, ALT, ALP and PaO2 between CO group and EX group (P<0.05). The levels of TBARS, chemiluminescence and activity of enzyme superoxide dismutase were increased to different degrees in the CCl4 groups: CO and in the BDL -EX (P<0.05, respectively). In the lung histology, an increase in the wall thickness of the pulmonary artery and a diameter reduction in the CCl4 animal model were observed: comparing CO group with EX group, we observed a reduction in thickness and an increase in the diameter of the artery wall lung. Conclusion Both experimental models have caused liver damage and alterations in the artery wall that are associated with major changes in pulmonary gas exchange. .
Objetivo Avaliar as alterações pulmonares e hepáticas em dois modelos experimentais de cirrose hepática pelo uso de tetracloreto de carbono intraperitoneal (CCl4) e ligadura de ducto biliar. Métodos Vinte e quatro ratos machos Wistar foram divididos em grupo controle (CO) e experimental (EX). Foram avaliadas as transaminases hepáticas (AST, ALT, FA), gasometria arterial (PaO2, PCO2 e SatO2) e a lipoperoxidação através de TBARS (substâncias que reagem ao ácido tiobarbitúrico) e por quimiluminescência. Também foi avaliada a atividade antioxidante da enzima superóxido dismutase e a histologia do tecido pulmonar e hepático. Resultados Nas enzimas hepáticas (AST, ALT e FA), bem como na PaO2 foram observadas diferenças significativas (P≤0,05) entre os grupos CO vs EX em ambos modelos. Os níveis de TBARS, quimiluminescência e a atividade da enzima superóxido dismutase encontram-se aumentados nos grupos CCl4 e ligadura de ducto biliar: CO vs EX (P≤0,05). Na análise histológica do pulmão observamos um aumento na espessura da parede da artéria pulmonar e uma redução no diâmetro no modelo CCl4: CO vs EX, e no modelo de ligadura de ducto biliar podemos observar uma redução da espessura e aumento no diâmetro da parede da artéria pulmonar. Conclusão Ambos os modelos experimentais provocaram dano hepático, além de causar alterações na parede da artéria pulmonar contribuindo na redução das trocas gasosas. .
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Cirrose Hepática Experimental/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Gasometria , Ductos Biliares/cirurgia , Tetracloreto de Carbono , Ligadura , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Cirrose Hepática Experimental/sangue , Fígado/enzimologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos Wistar , Transaminases/sangueRESUMO
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Total blood samples were collected from 20 patients with AT, 13 parents of patients, and 17 healthy volunteers. This study aimed at evaluating the frequency of chromosomal breaks in spontaneous cultures, induced by bleomycin and ionizing radiation, and further evaluated the rates of oxidative stress in AT patients and in their parents, compared to a control group. Three cell cultures were performed to each individual: the first culture did not receive induction to chromosomal instability, the second was exposed to bleomycin, and the last culture was exposed to ionizing radiation. To evaluate the rates of oxidative stress, the markers superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) were utilized. Significant differences were observed between the three kinds of culture treatments (spontaneous, bleomycin, and radiation induced) and the breaks and chromosomal aberrations in the different groups. The oxidative stress showed no significant differences between the markers. This study showed that techniques of chromosomal instability after the induction of ionizing radiation and bleomycin are efficient in the identification of syndrome patients, with the ionizing radiation being the most effective.
Assuntos
Ataxia Telangiectasia/genética , Instabilidade Cromossômica/efeitos dos fármacos , Instabilidade Cromossômica/efeitos da radiação , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos da radiação , Adulto , Ataxia Telangiectasia/patologia , Bleomicina/farmacologia , Células Cultivadas , Instabilidade Cromossômica/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Aberrações Cromossômicas/efeitos da radiação , Feminino , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Oxidativo/genética , Linhagem , Radiação IonizanteRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects of liquid endobronchial perfluorocarbon (PFC) administered before reperfusion in an animal model of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: Eighteen Wistar rats were subjected to an experimental model of selective left pulmonary artery clamping for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 2 h. The animals were divided into three groups: the ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group, the sham group, and the PFC group. We recorded the hemodynamic parameters, blood gas analysis, and histology. A Western blot assay was used to measure the inducible nitric oxide synthase, caspase 3, and nuclear factor ÒB (subunit p65) activities. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in lipid peroxidation among the groups. The superoxide dismutase activity was increased (P < 0.05) in the PFC-treated group. The expressions of nuclear factor ÒB, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and caspase 3 were significantly lower in the PFC group than in the IR group (P < 0.05). The histologic analysis showed a reduction in lung injuries in the PFC group compared with the sham and IR groups. CONCLUSION: The use of endobronchial PFC reduces the inflammatory response, preserves the alveolar structure, and protects the lungs against the hazardous effects of ischemia-reperfusion injuries.
Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fluorocarbonos/administração & dosagem , Fluorocarbonos/uso terapêutico , Pulmão/irrigação sanguínea , Pulmão/patologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Administração por Inalação , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Gasometria , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Fluorocarbonos/farmacologia , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/fisiologia , Pulmão/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologiaRESUMO
Sleep apnea is a breathing disorder that results from momentary and cyclic collapse of the upper airway, leading to intermittent hypoxia (IH). IH can lead to the formation of free radicals that increase oxidative stress, and this mechanism may explain the association between central sleep apnea and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We assessed the level of inflammation in the lung and liver tissue from animals subjected to intermittent hypoxia and simulated sleep apnea. A total of 12 C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups and then exposed to IH (n = 6) or a simulated IH (SIH) (n = 6) for 35 days. We observed an increase in oxidative damage and other changes to endogenous antioxidant enzymes in mice exposed to IH. Specifically, the expression of multiple transcription factors, including hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cleaved caspase 3 were shown to be increased in the IH group. Overall, we found that exposure to intermittent hypoxia for 35 days by simulating sleep apnea leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and increased activity of caspase 3 in the liver and lung.
Assuntos
Hepatite/etiologia , Hipóxia/complicações , Pneumonia/etiologia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/complicações , Animais , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/análise , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/análise , Estresse Oxidativo , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/análiseRESUMO
OBJETIVO: A ventilação mecânica constitui um dos pilares terapêuticos da unidade de terapia intensiva, entretanto, deve-se avaliar os efeitos deletérios por ela ocasionados, logo objetivamos avaliar o estresse oxidativo de pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva submetidos à ventilação mecânica invasiva. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal onde foram incluídos 12 pacientes que estavam em ventilação mecânica invasiva. As coletas sanguíneas (3 mL) foram realizadas no primeiro e último dia em que o paciente estava submetido a ventilação mecânica invasiva e utilizou-se o plasma para avaliação das substâncias que reagem ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e os glóbulos vermelhos para dosagem de superóxido dismutase (SOD) e da catalase. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes apresentaram média de idade de 64,8±17,6 anos; volume corrente de 382±44,5 mL e APACHE II de 15±7. Quando comparado o TBARS inicial e ao final da ventilação houve diferença significativa (3,54±0,74 vs. 4,96±1,47; p=0,04). Em relação às enzimas antioxidantes não houve diferença. Observa-se correlação entre as variáveis PaO2/FiO2 e TBARS (r = 0,4); SOD e PaO2/FiO2 (r = 0,51) e SOD e APACHE II (r = 0,56). Quanto ao desfecho da internação, 6 pacientes foram a óbito. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes submetidos à ventilação mecânica invasiva podem apresentar alteração do estado redox, marcado pelo aumento no TBARS e redução das enzimas antioxidantes.
OBJECTIVE: Mechanical ventilation is a mainstay of therapy in intensive care units; however, its deleterious effects need to be assessed. Therefore, we aimed to assess oxidative stress in patients admitted to an intensive care unit undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 12 invasive mechanical ventilation patients. Blood samples (3 mL) were collected on the first and last days on invasive mechanical ventilation. Thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) were assessed in plasma, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were assessed in erythrocytes. RESULTS: The mean age was 64.8 ± 17.6 years, the tidal volume (VT) 382 ± 44.5 mL, and the APACHE II score 15 ± 7. When initial and final TBARS were compared, a significant difference was identified (3.54 ± 0.74 vs. 4.96 ± 1.47, p = 0.04). Antioxidant enzymes showed no significant differences. Correlations between PaO2/FiO2 and TBARS (r = 0.4), SOD and PaO2/FiO2 (r = 0.51) and APACHE II and SOD (r = 0.56) were identified. Six patients died. CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation can develop redox state changes, showing increased TBARS and reduced antioxidant enzymes.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Mechanical ventilation is a mainstay of therapy in intensive care units; however, its deleterious effects need to be assessed. Therefore, we aimed to assess oxidative stress in patients admitted to an intensive care unit undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 12 invasive mechanical ventilation patients. Blood samples (3 mL) were collected on the first and last days on invasive mechanical ventilation. Thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) were assessed in plasma, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were assessed in erythrocytes. RESULTS: The mean age was 64.8 ± 17.6 years, the tidal volume (VT) 382 ± 44.5 mL, and the APACHE II score 15 ± 7. When initial and final TBARS were compared, a significant difference was identified (3.54 ± 0.74 vs. 4.96 ± 1.47, p = 0.04). Antioxidant enzymes showed no significant differences. Correlations between PaO2/FiO2 and TBARS (r = 0.4), SOD and PaO2/FiO2 (r = 0.51) and APACHE II and SOD (r = 0.56) were identified. Six patients died. CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation can develop redox state changes, showing increased TBARS and reduced antioxidant enzymes.
RESUMO
The use of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in rats is an experimental model of hepatic tissue damage; which leads to fibrosis, and at the long term, cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is the consequence of progressive continued liver damage, it may be reversible when the damaging noxae have been withdrawn. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes caused by cirrhosis in lung and liver, through the experimental model of intraperitoneal CCI(4) administration. We used 18 male Wistar rats divided into three groups: control (CO) and two groups divided by the time of cirrhosis induction by CCI(4): G1 (11 weeks), G2 (16 weeks). We found significant increase of transaminase levels and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) in liver and lung tissue and also increased antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT, as well as the expression of TNF-α and IL-1ß in the lung of cirrhotic animals. We observed changes in gas exchange in both cirrhotic groups. We can conclude that our model reproduces a model of liver cirrhosis, which causes alterations in the pulmonary system that leads to changes in gas exchange and size of pulmonary vessels.
Assuntos
Cirrose Hepática Experimental/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Animais , Artérias/metabolismo , Gasometria , Catalase/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/patologia , Pulmão/enzimologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most prevalent forms of chronic liver disease in the Western world. Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid in humans that may be a promising therapy for treating this disease. AIM: To evaluate the effect of taurine on hepatic steatosis induced by thioacetamide in Danio rerio. METHODS: Animals were divided into four groups: control (20 µl of saline solution), taurine (1,000 mg/kg), thioacetamide (300 mg/kg), and the taurine-thioacetamide group (1,000 + 300 mg/kg). Thioacetamide was injected intraperitoneally three times a week for 2 weeks. The mRNA expression, lipoperoxidation, antioxidant enzymatic activity, and histological analyses were evaluated in the liver and the triglyceride content was assessed in the serum. RESULTS: Thioacetamide injection induced steatosis, as indicated by histological analyses. The lipoperoxidation showed significant lipid damage in the thioacetamide group compared to the taurine-thioacetamide group (p < 0.001). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the taurine-thioacetamide group (5.95 ± 0.40) was significantly increased compared to the thioacetamide group (4.14 ± 0.18 U SOD/mg of protein) (p < 0.001). The mRNA expression of SIRT1 (0.5-fold) and Adiponectin receptor 2 (0.39-fold) were lower in the thioacetamide group than the control (p < 0.05). TNF-α mRNA expression was 6.4-fold higher in the thioacetamide group than the control (p < 0.05). SIRT1 mRNA expression was 2.6-fold higher in the taurine-thioacetamide group than in the thioacetamide group. CONCLUSIONS: Taurine seems to improve hepatic steatosis by reducing oxidative stress and increasing SIRT1 expression.
Assuntos
Fígado Gorduroso/induzido quimicamente , Fígado Gorduroso/tratamento farmacológico , Taurina/farmacologia , Tioacetamida/toxicidade , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fígado Gorduroso/patologia , Feminino , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Adiponectina/genética , Sirtuína 1/genética , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Peixe-Zebra , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/genéticaRESUMO
CONTEXT: Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic hepatopathy which constitutes an irreversible stage of liver dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the oxidative stress in the blood of cirrhotic rats treated with the antioxidant melatonin. METHODS: Cirrhosis was induced through inhalation of carbon tetrachloride. Liver integrity was evaluated by measuring serum enzymes, oxidative damage measured by lipoperoxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activity in erythrocytes. Lipoperoxidation, total nitrates, collagen, and histology by picrosirius staining were evaluated in the livers of these animals (n = 15), which were divided in three groups: control, carbon tetrachloride, and carbon tetrachloride + melatonin. Melatonin (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneal from week 10 of carbon tetrachloride inhalation. In order to shorten the cirrhosis induction time, phenobarbital (0.3 g/L) was added to the animals' drinking water. RESULTS: A significant impairment in the liver integrity of melatonin-treated animals as compared to cirrhotic animals was observed. In rat erythrocytes and liver, lipoperoxidation was significantly increased in the cirrhotic rats as compared to controls, as measured through thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and significantly decreased in melatonin-treated animals as compared to cirrhotic ones. In blood, a decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes was detected in the cirrhotic group as compared to the control group, with increased superoxide dismutase activity when melatonin was administered. A reduction in the levels of total nitrates was detected in the hepatic tissue of the animals in the carbon tetrachloride group as compared to the control group and an increase of these levels in the carbon tetrachloride + melatonin group. As for hepatic collagen, we found a significant increase in the carbon tetrachloride group as compared to the controls and a regression of these values in the treated group. In histology, the rats in the carbon tetrachloride group showed fibrosis and formation of fibrotic nodules, characterizing liver cirrhosis; there was reduction of nodules and fibrosis in the melatonin treated group. CONCLUSION: The data allow us to suggest that the observed oxidative stress is related to the damages caused by carbon tetrachloride and that the use of melatonin can minimize these damages.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Cirrose Hepática Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Melatonina/uso terapêutico , Estresse Oxidativo , Superóxido Dismutase/análise , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Tetracloreto de Carbono , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Cirrose Hepática Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Cirrose Hepática Experimental/enzimologia , Cirrose Hepática Experimental/patologia , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
CONTEXT: Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic hepatopathy which constitutes an irreversible stage of liver dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the oxidative stress in the blood of cirrhotic rats treated with the antioxidant melatonin. METHODS: Cirrhosis was induced through inhalation of carbon tetrachloride. Liver integrity was evaluated by measuring serum enzymes, oxidative damage measured by lipoperoxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activity in erythrocytes. Lipoperoxidation, total nitrates, collagen, and histology by picrosirius staining were evaluated in the livers of these animals (n = 15), which were divided in three groups: control, carbon tetrachloride, and carbon tetrachloride + melatonin. Melatonin (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneal from week 10 of carbon tetrachloride inhalation. In order to shorten the cirrhosis induction time, phenobarbital (0.3 g/L) was added to the animals' drinking water. RESULTS: A significant impairment in the liver integrity of melatonin-treated animals as compared to cirrhotic animals was observed. In rat erythrocytes and liver, lipoperoxidation was significantly increased in the cirrhotic rats as compared to controls, as measured through thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and significantly decreased in melatonin-treated animals as compared to cirrhotic ones. In blood, a decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes was detected in the cirrhotic group as compared to the control group, with increased superoxide dismutase activity when melatonin was administered. A reduction in the levels of total nitrates was detected in the hepatic tissue of the animals in the carbon tetrachloride group as compared to the control group and an increase of these levels in the carbon tetrachloride + melatonin group. As for hepatic collagen, we found a significant increase in the carbon tetrachloride group as compared to the controls and a regression of these values in the treated group. ...
CONTEXTO: A cirrose é uma hepatopatia crônica e progressiva que constitui estágio irreversível de disfunção hepática. É associada a alterações na circulação sistêmica. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o estresse oxidativo no sangue de ratos cirróticos e tratados com antioxidante melatonina. MÉTODOS: A cirrose foi induzida através da inalação de tetracloreto de carbono. Foram avaliadas as provas de integridade hepática através das medidas das enzimas séricas, o dano oxidativo medido pela lipoperoxidação e a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes no eritrócito. No fígado desses animais, foram avaliados a lipoperoxidação, os nitratos totais, colágeno e histologia através de picrosíruis. Os animais (n = 15) foram divididos em três grupos experimentais: controle, tetracloreto de carbono e tetracloreto de carbono + melatonina. A melatonina foi administrada por via intraperitonial após a 10ª semana de inalação na concentração de 20 mg/kg. Com o objetivo de abreviar o tempo de indução, foi administrado para todos animais, fenobarbital na água de beber na concentração de 0,3 g/L. RESULTADOS: Observou-se redução significativa nas provas de integridade hepática nos animais tratados com melatonina, em relação aos animais cirróticos. Nos eritrócitos e fígados dos ratos, foi observado aumento significativo da lipoperoxidação nos ratos cirróticos em comparação com os controles, através da medida das substâncias que reagem ao ácido tiobarbitúrico, e redução nos animais tratados com melatonina. No sangue, observou-se diminuição dos valores das enzimas superóxido dismutase e glutationa peroxidase do grupo cirrótico em comparação ao grupo controle, elevando a atividade da superóxido dismutase quando administrada melatonina. Na avaliação dos nitratos totais, no tecido hepático, observou-se redução dos valores nos animais do grupo tetracloreto de carbono em comparação ao grupo CO e um aumento desses valores nos ratos do grupo tratado com melatonina. Na medida do colágeno ...