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la displasia de cadera en desarrollo, es una alteración en el desarrollo y relación anatómica de los componentes de la articulación coxo-femoral que incluye al hueso ilíaco, fémur, cápsula articular, ligamentos y músculos. Puede ser secundaria a causas intrínsecas y/o extrínsecas, que condicionan una relación anormal de la cabeza femoral y el acetábulo. El objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y factores de riesgo de displasia de cadera en desarrollo (DCD) en recién nacidos de Hospitales Mario Catarino Rivas (HMCR) y Leonardo Martínez Valenzuela (HLMV), julio 2018 a junio 2019. Pacientes y métodos: estudio prospectivo, observacional-analítico. Universo; recién nacidos de ambos hospitales. Muestra 167 recién nacidos, muestreo por conveniencia. Se incluyeron neonatos sanos, cuyos padres brindaron su consentimiento informado. Recolección de datos mediante cuestionario tipo encuesta que contenía 22 preguntas cerradas dirigidas a la madre y datos del recién nacido, obtenidos mediante revisión del expediente clínico: maniobras de Barlow y Ortolani, además del estudio de imagen Rayos X AP de cadera mediante el cual se determinó el Índice Acetabular y el Centraje Concéntri- co de Fernández. El análisis de datos se realizó en el programa EPI Info versión 7.2.2.16. Se calculó prevalencia, Riesgo Relativo e Intervalo de Confianza. Tablas y gráficos se realizaron en Microsoft Excel 2017. Resultados: se diagnosticó DCD en 17 neonatos (prevalencia 10.18%). De los cuales; 13 (76.47%) eran del sexo femenino, 15 (88.24%) tenían maniobras de Ortolani y Barlow negativas y 9 (53%) con DCD bilateral. Los factores de riesgo encontrados, fueron: hijos de madres primigestas RR: 2.61 (IC:0.96;7.08), de 24 años o menos RR:3.58 (IC:0.85;15.12), con oligohidramnios RR:2.55 (IC:0.44;14.8). En cuanto a los RN; sexo femenino RR 3.37 (IC:1.15;9.91), presentación pélvica RR 4.9 (IC2.02;11.62), y con antecedentes familiares de DCD: RR 2.55 (IC:0.44;14.80). El embarazo múltiple, resulto ser un factor protector RR 0.00 (IC:0.07;0.75). Conclusión: la DCD se presentó aproximadamente en uno de cada diez recién nacidos. Entre los principales factores de riesgo se encontraron: hijos de madres primigestas, de 24 años o menos con oligohidramnios, además; recién nacidos del sexo femenino, presentación pélvica, y con antecedentes familiares de DCD. El embarazo múltiple resultó ser un factor protector...(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Displasia do Desenvolvimento do Quadril/diagnóstico , Displasia do Desenvolvimento do Quadril/prevenção & controle , Acetábulo , AnamneseRESUMO
The main objective of research into new therapies is the search for more efficacy and fewer toxic effects in cancer treatments. On one hand, vincristine (VCR) is a chemotherapeutic used in different kinds of tumors. On the other hand, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a green tea metabolite that has shown an antineoplastic effect in diverse investigations, so the objective of this work is to evaluate the antitumor effects of the EGCG/VCR combination on tumor volume and survival. To achieve this objective, the solid model of lymphoma L5178Y was used in BALB/c mice with different doses of VCR, EGCG, and their combination allowed tumor growth and survival time recording. After tumor collection, measurements, and immunohistochemistry for p53, Bcl2, and Cyclin D1 were performed. The results showed that the EGCG/vincristine combination had a greater antitumor effect than those effects of vincristine and EGCG. It can be attributed to the fact that the greatest inhibition of Bcl2 was present in gathering of EGCG harvest with vincristine. Therefore, the combination of EGCG with vincristine has a better antineoplastic effect by inhibiting tumor development and increasing survival on both substances independently.
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BACKGROUND: An informed consent is mandatory to obtain any clinical audiovisual material from patients. Although there are some documents created for this purpose, there are some barriers for their application, such as the context in which they were created, the language and download availability. AIM: To create a proposal for an informed consent form (ICF) for the capture and different uses for audiovisual material from patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A bibliographic search was carried out to obtain different ICFs in Spanish and English, which were subjected to a process of translation, counter-translation and fragmentation. Subsequently, a panel of experts was formed by members of the Chilean Society of Plastic Surgery with extensive experience in social networks. Delphi methodology was applied to reach a consensus about the definitive content of the ICF based on the previously selected fragments. RESULTS: ICFs available for download were identified. The panel was made up of seven Plastic Surgeons and two Delphi rounds were carried out through electronic surveys. At the end of the process, an ICF proposal was obtained for therapeutic, academic or scientific purposes and another for dissemination or education in the mass media. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed ICFs were liberated for their use among health care professionals in Chile, who could use them, provided that they are approved by the local healthcare ethics committees.
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Humanos , Termos de Consentimento , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Traduções , Inquéritos e Questionários , IdiomaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: An informed consent is mandatory to obtain any clinical audiovisual material from patients. Although there are some documents created for this purpose, there are some barriers for their application, such as the context in which they were created, the language and download availability. AIM: To create a proposal for an informed consent form (ICF) for the capture and different uses for audiovisual material from patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A bibliographic search was carried out to obtain different ICFs in Spanish and English, which were subjected to a process of translation, counter-translation and fragmentation. Subsequently, a panel of experts was formed by members of the Chilean Society of Plastic Surgery with extensive experience in social networks. Delphi methodology was applied to reach a consensus about the definitive content of the ICF based on the previously selected fragments. RESULTS: ICFs available for download were identified. The panel was made up of seven Plastic Surgeons and two Delphi rounds were carried out through electronic surveys. At the end of the process, an ICF proposal was obtained for therapeutic, academic or scientific purposes and another for dissemination or education in the mass media. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed ICFs were liberated for their use among health care professionals in Chile, who could use them, provided that they are approved by the local healthcare ethics committees.
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Termos de Consentimento , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Humanos , Idioma , Inquéritos e Questionários , TraduçõesRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Prolonged immobilization associated with several neurological disorders causes se condary osteoporosis with pathological fractures and persistent bone pain. OBJECTIVES: To establish the association between bone mineral density (BMD), neoformation and bone resorption markers and the degree of functional capacity in children under 18 years of age with reduced mobility. Pa tients and Method: Cross-sectional study conducted in Ciudad Real, Spain between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017 with patients aged between 6 and 18 years diagnosed with different neuro logical disorders. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, pubertal stage, functional capacity according to the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS), which assesses the ability to walk from 5, 50 to 500 meters, BMD, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in blood, and N-terminal telopeptide crosslinks in collagen type I (NTX-I) in urine. BMD, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and NTX-I values are expressed in Z score according to reference values for age and sex. The Pear son and Spearman correlations were used for data analysis. RESULTS: 36 patients (52.7% girls) with an average age of 8.6±4.7 years. Mean FMS value: 5.3 out of 18. Mean BMD: -1.99 ± 1.7 standard deviations (SD), mean alkaline phosphatase: -2.64 ± 1.08, mean osteocalcin: -2.15 ± 1.39, and mean NTX-I: +3 ± 1.72. There was a significant association between BMD and FMS for 5 meters (r = 0.395; p = 0.017) and for total score (r = 0.365; p = 0.029). There were no significant differences according to the stages of pubertal development. CONCLUSIONS: In this population, there was a decrease in BMD and bone neoformation markers, and an increase of bone resorption markers with no association with pubertal development. Patients with a lower degree of mobility present a lower BMD.
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Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Densidade Óssea , Remodelação Óssea/fisiologia , Limitação da Mobilidade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/complicações , Osteoporose/etiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Avaliação da Deficiência , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/fisiopatologia , Osteoporose/sangue , Osteoporose/diagnóstico , Osteoporose/fisiopatologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Resumen: Introducción: La inmovilización prolongada asociada a diversas enfermedades neurológicas, causa osteoporosis secundaria con fracturas patológicas y dolor óseo persistente. Objetivos: Establecer la asociación entre densidad mineral ósea (DMO), marcadores de neoformación y reabsorción ósea y grado de capacidad funcional en pacientes menores de 18 años con movilidad reducida. Pacientes y Método: Estudio transversal, realizado entre 1/1/2016 y 31/12/2017 en pacientes de 6 a 18 años diagnosticados de distintas enfermedades neurológicas en Ciudad Real (España). Se analizaron las variables biodemográficas, capacidad funcional según la Functional Mobility Scale (FMS), que valora la movilidad en 5, 50 y 500 metros, DMO, 25-hidroxi-vitamina D, fosfatasa alcalina, osteocalcina en sangre y telopéptido amino terminal de cadena cruzada de colágeno tipo I en orina (NTX-I). Se expresan DMO, fosfatasa alcalina, osteocalcina y NTX-I en Z score según valores de referencia para edad y sexo. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y correlaciones de Pearson y Spearman. Resulta dos: 36 pacientes (52,7% niñas), edad media de 8,6 ± 4,7 años. Valor medio de FMS: 5,3 sobre 18. DMO media: -1,99 ± 1,7 desviaciones estándar (DE), fosfatasa alcalina media: -2,64 ± 1,08, osteocalcina media: -2,15 ± 1,39, y NTX-I medio: +3 ± 1,72. Hubo asociación significativa entre DMO y FMS para 5 metros (r = 0,395; p = 0,017) y para la puntuación total (r = 0,365; p = 0,029). No se encon traron diferencias significativas según estadios de desarrollo puberal. Conclusiones: En la población estudiada se observa disminución en la DMO y en marcadores de neoformación ósea y elevación de marcadores de reabsorción ósea sin asociación con el desarrollo puberal. Los pacientes con menor grado de movilidad presentan una DMO inferior.
Abstract: Introduction: Prolonged immobilization associated with several neurological disorders causes se condary osteoporosis with pathological fractures and persistent bone pain. Objectives: To establish the association between bone mineral density (BMD), neoformation and bone resorption markers and the degree of functional capacity in children under 18 years of age with reduced mobility. Pa tients and Method: Cross-sectional study conducted in Ciudad Real, Spain between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017 with patients aged between 6 and 18 years diagnosed with different neurological disorders. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, pubertal stage, functional capacity according to the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS), which assesses the ability to walk from 5, 50 to 500 meters, BMD, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in blood, and N-terminal telopeptide crosslinks in collagen type I (NTX-I) in urine. BMD, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and NTX-I values are expressed in Z score according to reference values for age and sex. The Pear son and Spearman correlations were used for data analysis. Results: 36 patients (52.7% girls) with an average age of 8.6±4.7 years. Mean FMS value: 5.3 out of 18. Mean BMD: -1.99 ± 1.7 standard deviations (SD), mean alkaline phosphatase: -2.64 ± 1.08, mean osteocalcin: -2.15 ± 1.39, and mean NTX-I: +3 ± 1.72. There was a significant association between BMD and FMS for 5 meters (r = 0.395; p = 0.017) and for total score (r = 0.365; p = 0.029). There were no significant differences according to the stages of pubertal development. Conclusions: In this population, there was a decrease in BMD and bone neoformation markers, and an increase of bone resorption markers with no association with pubertal development. Patients with a lower degree of mobility present a lower BMD.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Osteoporose/etiologia , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Densidade Óssea , Remodelação Óssea/fisiologia , Limitação da Mobilidade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/complicações , Osteoporose/diagnóstico , Osteoporose/fisiopatologia , Osteoporose/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Avaliação da Deficiência , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Evolution of breast reduction techniques has been a result of combining different skin marking patterns with a wide variety of pedicles. Despite the many differences that may exist among these procedures, they all rely on a few key principles. To make surgery more expeditious and minimize technical challenges, these principles can be incorporated into simple surgical strategies. The authors present a step-by-step approach to help to achieve a successful cosmetic breast reduction for patients with small to moderate breast hypertrophy. Special emphasis is given to intraoperative clues that make this procedure more reproducible and straightforward.
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BACKGROUND: Primary closure of the donor-site after harvest of a large anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) is associated with significant morbidity. Incisional negative pressure therapy (INPT) may decrease complications in high-risk incisions. This study assessed if the incidence of complications after primary closure of the ALT flap donor-site decreases with INPT. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of a prospectively maintained database including patients who underwent upper and lower limb reconstruction, using an ALT free flap with primary closure of the donor-site. Two groups were defined: primary closure and INPT (study group) and primary closure with traditional dressings (control group). Nonparametric statistics were employed to identify prognostic factors, p < 0,05. RESULTS: Fifty-eight free ALT flaps in 58 patients (study group n = 28; control group n = 30) were included. Median flap width and length were 9 cm (range: 5-14) and 25 cm (range: 10-48), respectively. Median follow-up was 19 months (range: 3-78 months). No significant differences in age or flap size were identified in both groups (p > 0.05). The global complication rate was 7.14% (n = 2) in the INPT group, and 37% (n = 11) in the control group (p = 0.007). The study group had a lower dehiscence and skin necrosis rate (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed IPNT was associated with a significant reduction of donor-site complications (p = 0.006), especially in patients with defects > 8 cm (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: In this cohort study the use of INPT significantly reduced the donor-site morbidity after ALT flap harvest.
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Traumatismos do Braço/cirurgia , Retalhos de Tecido Biológico/irrigação sanguínea , Traumatismos da Perna/cirurgia , Tratamento de Ferimentos com Pressão Negativa , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/patologia , Coxa da Perna/irrigação sanguínea , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Adulto , Traumatismos do Braço/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Traumatismos da Perna/patologia , Masculino , Microcirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/terapia , Coxa da Perna/cirurgia , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos/métodos , Sítio Doador de Transplante/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar la factibilidad de la monitorización en microcirugía por medio de la evaluación no invasiva de la microcirculación con sidestream dark field (SDF) y compararla con otros métodos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio experimental. En 8 cerdos se elevó colgajo pectoral y se disecó pedículo. Se llevó a cabo una instalación sucesiva de dispositivos cutáneos para la evaluación de la microcirculación: SDF para evaluar flujo, y near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) para evaluar saturación de O2 (SatO2). Posteriormente se evaluó la oclusión venosa, arterial y total con pinzamiento durante 180 s. Resultados: SDF en oclusión venosa: disminución del flujo: 51 s (59-62); SDF en oclusión arterial: disminución del flujo: 3 s (1-5); SDF en oclusión vascular total: disminución del flujo: 3,5 s (2-5). NIRS en oclusión venosa: disminución de la SatO2:15,2 ± 5,3%; NIRS en oclusión arterial: disminución de la SatO2 23,9 ± 13,8%; NIRS en oclusión vascular total: disminución de la SatO2 23,85 ± 13,9%. Doppler en oclusión venosa: no desapareció; Doppler en oclusión arterial y oclusión vascular total: desapareció a los 2 s. En cada una de las mediciones, los cambios clínicos fueron más tardíos que los observados con SDF. Conclusión: Es factible la monitorización en microcirugía por medio de la evaluación de la microcirculación con Microscan®. Este método permite realizar el diagnóstico de oclusión vascular más tempranamente que con NIRS y evaluación clínica.
Aim: Determine the feasibility of using SDF Microscan® as a non-invasive method for monitoring free flap microcirculation, and compare it to other methods. Materials and methods: Experimental study. In 8 pigs a pectoral myocutaneous flap was raised. Microcirculation was evaluated using: SDF Microscan®, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), clinical examination and Doppler. Venous, arterial and total occlusion was performed by clamping the vascular pedicle. Mean time to blood flow impairment diagnosis was measured. Results: SDF in venous occlusion: reduced microcirculatory flow index at: 51 s (59-62). SDF in arterial occlusion: reduced microcirculatory flow index at: 3 s (1-5). SDF in total vascular occlusion: reduced microcirculatory flow index at: 3.5 s (2-5). NIRS in venous occlusion: SatO2 decrease was 15.2 ± 5.3%. NIRS in arterial occlusion: SatO2 decrease was 23.9 ± 13.8%. NIRS in total vascular occlusion: SatO2 decrease was 23.85 ± 13.9%. Doppler in venous occlusion: The signal did not disappear. Doppler arterial and total vascular occlusion disappears at 2 s. The clinical changes were later than SDF. Conclusion: Microcirculation monitoring is feasible using SDF Microscan® in a pig model. This method allows to detect blood flow disruption earlier than NIRS and clinical evaluation.
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Animais , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/irrigação sanguínea , Microscopia de Vídeo , Microcirculação/fisiologia , Microcirurgia/métodos , Monitorização Fisiológica/instrumentação , Suínos , Modelos AnimaisRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Eosinophils in the circulating blood undergo apoptosis during sepsis syndromes induced by the action of certain cytokines. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the absolute eosinophils count (EC) as a marker of mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A prospective cohort study of patients with a diagnosis of sepsis or septic shock admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Dr Gustavo Fricke Hospital between January 2008 and December 2009 was conducted. Daily EC in all patients was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the performance of the diagnostic test. RESULTS: We studied a total of 240 patients. The median age was 62 years (interquartile range [IQR], 48-72 years), and 67 (27.9%) died. The median EC in patients who died was 43 (IQR, 14-121), whereas in surviving patients, it was 168 (IQR, 98-292) (P < .001). When the EC on the fifth day of hospital stay was assessed, an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.64 (95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.73) was observed. Eosinophils count at intensive care unit discharge showed an area under the curve of 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.76-0.87). DISCUSSION: Eosinophils counts were lower in patients who died of sepsis than in those who survived, but its clinical usefulness seems limited. Their role as an indicator of clinical stability seems to be important.
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Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Sepse/diagnóstico , Sepse/imunologia , Choque Séptico/diagnóstico , Choque Séptico/imunologia , Idoso , Biomarcadores , Feminino , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Sepse/sangue , Sepse/mortalidade , Choque Séptico/sangue , Choque Séptico/metabolismoRESUMO
Esta investigaci ón se basa en el trabajo que se est á llevando a cabo en el Hospital Leo- nardo Mart ínez por el servicio de Ortopedia Pedi átrica para el manejo de la espasticidad en los ni ños con Par álisis Cerebral Infantil indepe ndientemente del dañ o fisiol ógico o topogr áfico. Desde Julio del 2010 hasta Enero del 2011 se han realizado 16 cirugí as en ni ños con par álisis cerebral. Los proce dimientos realizados han ido desde tenoto- mías y alargamientos tendinosos multinive- les, hasta transferencias tendinosas y co rrecci ón del pie plano espá stico. Los resul tados al momento han sido alentadores evaluando la mejora de la calidad de vida de los ni ños al igual que la mejora en sus habi lidades motoras. Los casos se han manejado de manera conjunta con el servicio de Cardiologí a Pedi átrica del Hospital Leonardo Mart ínez, servicio de Neurologí a Pedi átrica del IHSS, y por diversas organi - zaciones que proveen servicios de rehabili - taci ón como ser Telet ón, FUNHCAE y el Centro de Rehabili taci ón del IHSS...(AU)
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Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Alongamento Ósseo/métodos , Paralisia Cerebral/complicações , Paraplegia/diagnóstico , Tenotomia/métodosRESUMO
Se han realizado diversas investigaciones sobre la morbi-mortalidad en la Clínica Infantil Dr. Robert Read Cabral (CIRRC) siendo el último estudio realizado sobre dicho tópico en el año del 1990. El presente estudio analizó la tasa de mortalidad y las principales causas de morbi-mortalidad en la CIRRC en los últimos cinco años (1991-1995). La tasa de mortalidad hospitalaria mostró una tendencia decreciente pasando de 187 por mil admisiones en 1991 a 136 por mil admisiones en 1995. Se observó también una tendencia decreciente en el número de muertes por año, el tiempo de estadía (mayor y menor de 48 horas de internamiento) y en los fallecimientos en los menores de un año de edad. Las tres primeras causas de consulta y de enfermedades infectocontagiosas. Se observó además, la ausencia de algunas enfermedades infectocontagiosas que fueron reportadas en investigaciones anteriores