RESUMO
Se presentan resultados parciales del proyecto de investigación doctoral "Narrativas de niños y niñas sobre el trastorno de hiperactividad". Se exploran las experiencias subjetivas alrededor del tratamiento farmacológico del TDAH en un grupo de padres y educadores de un grupo de niños y niñas con dicho diagnóstico en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. La información fue recolectada a través de entrevistas en profundidad y fue organizada y analizada a partir de seis categorías emergentes: Conocimientos acerca del medicamento, ideas acerca de la efectividad del medicamento, efectos secundarios identificados, función social del medicamento, roles asumidos frente al TDAH y valoración del medicamento. Los resultados muestran que los relatos de los participantes se organizan de acuerdo con su rol y contexto, respondiendo a procesos sociales de medicalización de la vida educativa.
We present partial results of the research project entitled "Narratives of boys and girls about Hyperactivity Disorder". The subjective experiences around the pharmacological treatment of ADHD in a group of parents and educators of boys and girls with the diagnosis in Bogotá, Colombia are explored. the information was collected through in-depth interviews and was organized and analysed from six emerging categories: Knowledge about the medication, ideas about the effectiveness of the medication, identified side effects, social function of the medication, assumed roles against ADHD, and evaluation about the medication. The results show that the participant's narratives are organized according to their role and context, responding to social processes of medicalization of educational context.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pais , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Pesquisa , Terapêutica , Conhecimento , Diagnóstico , MedicalizaçãoRESUMO
Strongyloides stercoralis affects 30-100 million people worldwide. The burden is underestimated because of the paucity of studies, limited geographical areas surveyed, and poor quality of diagnostic tests. This study aimed at determining the epidemiology of strongyloidiasis using sensitive microscopy testing in rural populations living at different altitudes in Cusco, Peru. Data were collected from subjects aged > 3 years living in Quellouno (elevation 2,600 ft) and Limatambo (elevation 8,379 ft) districts. Subjects provided one fresh stool sample and answer a standardized questionnaire. Fresh stool was tested on site using the Baermann's test and agar plate culture. Formalin-preserved stool was tested by rapid sedimentation. Eighty percent (585/715) of eligible subjects consented to participate; after excluding subjects with missing data, 65% (462/715) were included. Fifty-five percentage were female; the median age was 33 years (interquartile range 13-52), and 72% had government health insurance. Half had intestinal parasites, and Strongyloides was the most common (24.5%) followed by Giardia (15.5%), Blastocystis (14.9%), and hookworm (11.5%). The agar plate culture detected more cases of Strongyloides than Baermann's or sedimentation tests. Strongyloides infection was more common at low altitude (26.4%) than at high altitude (18.6%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). Older age, walking barefoot, bathing in rivers/streams, and using municipal sewage were associated with strongyloidiasis. Strongyloides was the most prevalent parasite in the areas studied and was associated with demographic, socioeconomic, and sanitary factors.
Assuntos
Altitude , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Estrongiloidíase/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Estudos Transversais , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Humanos , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Strongyloides stercoralis , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A study published in 2012 estimated incidence of MPS IVA, in 0.68 cases per 100, 000 live births in Colombia, and according to the Colombian Fund for High-Cost Diseases, in 2014 there were 15 people diagnosed with MPS IV. To enhance the knowledge of the disease in the country, we aimed to characterize clinical and molecular findings in 12 MPS IVA patients. Twelve patients were included in the study, with most patients of female gender (nâ¯=â¯7, 58,3%), age range 2 to 28â¯years, average weight 26â¯kg (17.6-43â¯kg), average height 97â¯cm (92-104â¯cm), average BMI 27.6â¯kg/m2 (19.92-47.65â¯kg/m2). Clinical findings were similar to those described in the literature. GALNS gene molecular analysis showed five homozygous missense mutations in exon 11 c.1156Câ¯>â¯T or p.R386C, a single nonsense mutation in the heterozygous state c.974Gâ¯>â¯A p.W325, and heterozygous in exon 9 mutation of exon 3 c.280Câ¯>â¯T p.R94C, missense variant reported by Ogawa in 1995 [17]. There was only one patient that presented a homozygous missense mutation in exon 9 c.901Gâ¯>â¯T p.G301C and four patients showed the heterozygous form. A heterozygous missense mutation in exon 5 c.425Aâ¯>â¯T p.H142L, which has not been previously reported, was found in a female patient, 2â¯years 11â¯months of age. The diagnosis algorithms that include molecular analysis, bioinformatic predictive tools, pharmacogenomics, and proteomics helps to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients affected by MPS IVA.
RESUMO
Resumen El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) es una afección frecuente, con alta variabilidad en su preva lencia a través de contextos, y de interés por la repercusión que tiene sobre el desempeño escolar de quienes la padecen. Se exploraron las construcciones simbólicas que hacen diferentes actores acerca de niños diagnosticados con TDAH. Con tal fin se realizaron entrevistas abiertas de tipo semántico y episódico a 31 participantes bogotanos, distribuidos en gru pos de maestros, padres y niños. Estas entrevistas fueron abordadas desde una perspectiva de análisis de discurso. Los resultados mostraron que el TDAH se reconstruye, a partir de la perspectiva del observador y del contexto, en términos de problema hereditario y de fallas en las prácticas de crianza. Por su parte, para los niños, el diagnóstico es un evento importante en la construcción de su subjetividad.
Summary Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a frequent condition, with its prevalence highly variable according to contexts and of interest because of its repercussions on school performance. The article explores the symbolic construc tions made by the different actors regarding children diagnosed with ADHD. To this end, we carried out open semantic and episodic interviews with 31 teachers, parents and children in Bogota. These interviews were approached from the perspective of discourse analysis. The results show that ADHD is reconstructed from the perspective of the observer and context in terms of hereditary problems and failures in nurturance. For children, the diagnosis is an important event in the construction of their subjectivity.
Resumo O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é uma afetação frequente, com alta variabilidade em sua prevalência por meio de contextos e de interesse pela repercussão que tem sobre o desempenho escolar dos que o padecem. Exploram-se as construções simbólicas que diferentes atores fazem acerca de crianças diagnosticadas com TDAH. Com esse propósito, foram realizadas entrevistas abertas de tipo semântico e episódico a 31 participantes de Bogotá (Colômbia), distribuídos em grupos de professores, pais e crianças. Essas entrevistas foram abordadas sob uma perspectiva do observador e do contexto, em termos de problema hereditário e de falhas nas práticas de educação. Por sua vez, para as crianças, o diagnóstico é um evento importante na construção de sua subjetividade.
RESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo no experimental con el fin de diseñar y aplicar medidas de motivación y ayudas didácticas a niños invidentes, por medio de un programa de higiene oral buscando hacer un control eficiente de placa bacteriana y aumentando los conocimientos sobre salud oral. Se tomaron 50 estudiantes de 6 11 años de la Fundación Juan Antonio Pardo Ospina, institución especializada en capacitar niños invidentes. Las ayudas didácticas utilizadas comprendieron: canción, macromodelos, charla personalizada y cartilla Braille. Previamente y después de aplicar las ayudas didácticas se realizaron controles de placa bacteriana para medir el incremento en los conocimientos. Se realizó una encuesta inicial y final sobre conceptos relacionados con la salud oral. Se aplico la prueba de T de Student para relacionar los controles de placa y un análisis cualitativo para analizar los conocimientos adquiridos. Los resultados encontrados mostraron que el programa fue altamente eficaz para la reducción de placa bacteriana de 62,5 por ciento a 23,3 por ciento pero que los conceptos sobre salud oral no quedaron totalmente claros.