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The aims of this work were to evaluate the reactivity of sugarcane straw ashes (SCSA) burned under controlled conditions and to analyze their reactivity in blended cement and hydrated lime pastes by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and calorimetry. Four different ashes were produced, and burned at 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C and 900 °C (SCSA600, SCSA700, SCSA800 and SCSA900, respectively). These ashes were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, particle size distribution by laser diffraction and specific area surfaces to assess their potential interest in the partial replacement of inorganic binders (Portland cement (OPC) and hydrated lime). The hydrated lime pastes were subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TG. The blended cement pastes were analyzed by TG and calorimetry, compressive strength testing and mercury intrusion porosimetry. High lime fixation percentages were observed in the hydrated lime and OPC pastes and were higher than 75% and 50% for the ashes burned at 600 °C and 700 °C, respectively. Calorimetry showed a delay in the heat release of SCSA600 and SCSA700 compared to the control paste. These pastes also had higher compressive strength and a smaller total pore volume. The results indicate the positive response of preparing sugar cane ashes under controlled conditions (mainly for straw calcined within the 600-700 °C range) for their use as pozzolanic addition by partially replacing inorganic binders.
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Background: Chagas disease is a life-threatening illness caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. The involvement of serine-/arginine-rich protein kinase in the T. cruzi life cycle is significant. Aims: To synthesize, characterize and evaluate the trypanocidal activity of diamides inspired by kinase inhibitor, SRPIN340. Material & Methods: Synthesis using a three-step process and characterization by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry were conducted. The selectivity index was obtained by the ratio of CC50/IC50 in two in vitro models. The most active compound, 3j, was evaluated using in vitro cytokine assays and assessing in vivo trypanocidal activity. Results: 3j activity in the macrophage J774 lineage showed an anti-inflammatory profile, and mice showed significantly reduced parasitemia and morbidity at low compound dosages. Conclusion: Novel diamide is active against T. cruzi in vitro and in vivo.
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Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer, and its incidence has continued to rise during the past decades. Conventional treatments present severe side effects in cancer patients, and melanoma can be refractory to commonly used anticancer drugs, which justify the efforts to find new potential anti-melanoma drugs. An alternative to promote the discovery of new pharmacological substances would be modifying chemical groups from a bioactive compound. Here we describe the synthesis of seventeen compounds derived from cinnamic acid and their bioactivity evaluation against melanoma cells. The compound phenyl 2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoate (3q) was the most effective against murine B16-F10 cells, as observed in cytotoxicity and cell migration assays. Simultaneously, this compound showed low cytotoxic activity on non-tumor cells. At the highest concentration, the compound 3q was able to trigger apoptosis, whereas, at lower concentrations, it affected the cell cycle and melanoma cell proliferation. Furthermore, cinnamate 3q impaired cell invasion, adhesion, colonization, and actin polymerization. In conclusion, these results highlight the antiproliferative and antimetastatic potential of cinnamic acid derivatives on melanoma.
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Antineoplásicos , Melanoma Experimental , Melanoma , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Cinamatos/química , Cinamatos/farmacologia , Ésteres/farmacologia , Humanos , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , CamundongosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) plays an important role in energy expenditure regulation. Previous studies have associated the common -866G/A (rs659366) and Ins/Del polymorphisms in the UCP2 gene with metabolic and obesity-related phenotypes. However, it is still unclear whether these polymorphisms influence weight loss after bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether UCP2 -866G/A and Ins/Del polymorphisms are associated with weight loss outcomes after bariatric surgery. SETTING: Longitudinal study in a university hospital. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 186 patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery for clinical and laboratory characteristics in the preoperative period, 6, 12, and 18 months after RYGB. The -866G/A (rs659366) polymorphism was genotyped using real-time PCR, while the Ins/Del polymorphism was genotyped by direct separation of PCR products in 2.5% agarose gels. RESULTS: Patients with the -866A/A genotype showed higher body mass index (BMI) after 6, 12, and 18 months of surgery and excess body weight after 6 and 12 months compared with G/G patients. They also showed lower excess weight loss (EWL%) after 6 and 12 months of surgery. Ins allele carriers (Ins/Ins + Ins/Del) had lower delta (Δ) BMI 12 months after surgery compared with Del/Del patients. Accordingly, patients carrying haplotypes with ≥2 risk alleles of these polymorphisms had higher BMI and excess weight and lower EWL% during follow-up. CONCLUSION: UCP2 -866A/A genotype is associated with higher BMI and excess weight and lower EWL% during an 18-month follow-up of patients who underwent RYGB, while the Ins allele seems to be associated with lower ΔBMI 12 months after surgery. Further studies are needed to confirm the associations of the -866G/A and Ins/Del polymorphisms with weight loss after bariatric surgery.
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Derivação Gástrica , Obesidade Mórbida , Índice de Massa Corporal , Humanos , Canais Iônicos/genética , Estudos Longitudinais , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Obesidade Mórbida/genética , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Proteína Desacopladora 2/genética , Redução de Peso/genéticaRESUMO
Responsive caregiving is the dimension of parenting most consistently related to later child functioning in both developing and developed countries. There is a growing need for efficient, psychometrically sound and culturally appropriate measurement of this construct. This study describes the cross-cultural validation in Brazil of the Responsive Interactions for Learning (RIFL-P) measure, requiring only eight minutes for assessment and coding. The cross-cultural adaptation used a recognized seven-step procedure. The adapted version was applied to a stratified sample of 153 Brazilian mother-child (18 months) dyads. Videos of mother-child interaction were coded using the RIFL-P and a longer gold standard parenting assessment. Mothers completed a survey on child stimulation (18 months) and child outcomes were measured at 24 months. Internal consistency (α = 0.94), inter-rater reliability (r = 0.83), and intra-rater reliability (r = 0.94) were all satisfactory to high. RIFL-P scores were significantly correlated with another measurement of parenting (r's ranged from 0.32 to 0.47, p < 0.001), stimulation markers (r = 0.34, p < 0.01), and children's cognition (r = 0.29, p < 0.001), language (r = 0.28, p < 0.001), and positive behavior (r = 0.17, p < 0.05). The Brazilian Portuguese version is a valid and reliable instrument for a brief assessment of responsive caregiving.
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Comparação Transcultural , Idioma , Brasil , Criança , Humanos , Relações Pais-Filho , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare the expression of UCP2, NLRP3, IL1B, IL18, and miR-133a-3p in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of 61 patients divided according to BMI: Group 1 (n = 8; BMI<25.0 kg/m2), Group 2 (n = 24; BMI 30.0-39.9 kg/m2), and Group 3 (n = 29; BMI≥40.0 kg/m2). SAT biopsies were obtained from individuals who underwent bariatric surgery or elective abdominal surgery. Gene expressions were quantified using qPCR. Bioinformatics analyses were employed to investigate target genes and pathways related to miR-133a-3p. UCP2 and miR-133a-3p expressions were decreased in SAT of Groups 2 and 3 while IL18 was increased compared to Group 1. NLRP3 and IL1B expressions did not differ between groups; however, NLRP3 was positively correlated with waist circumference and excess weight. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that UCP2 and NLRP3 are targets of miR-133a-3p. In conclusion, UCP2 and miR-133a-3p expressions are downregulated in patients with obesity, while IL18 is upregulated. NRLP3 is correlated with waist circumference and weight excess.
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Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Interleucina-18/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Obesidade/genética , Gordura Subcutânea/metabolismo , Proteína Desacopladora 2/metabolismo , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-18/genética , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Masculino , MicroRNAs/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/genética , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Proteína Desacopladora 2/genéticaRESUMO
Leishmania braziliensis is one of the pathogenic agents of cutaneous and mucocutanoeous leishmaniasis. There are no validated vaccines to prevent the infection and the treatment relies on drugs that often present severe side effects, which justify the efforts to find new potential antileishmanial drugs. An alternative to promote the discovery of new drugs would be the association of different chemical groups of bioactive compounds. Here we describe the synthesis and bioactivity evaluation against L. braziliensis of cinnamic acid derivatives possessing isobenzofuranone and 1,2,3-triazole functionalities. We tested 25 compounds at 10⯵M concentration against extracellular promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes during macrophage infection. Most compounds were more active against amastigotes than to promastigotes. The derivatives (E)-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl-(3,4,5-trimethoxy) cinnamate (5c), (1-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl cinnamate (9g), and (1-(2-bromobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl cinnamate (9l) were the most effective presenting over 80% toxicity on L. braziliensis amastigotes. While compound 5c is a cinnamate with an isobenzofuranone portion, 9g and 9l are triazolic cinnamic acid derivatives. The action of these compounds was comparable to amphotericin B used as positive control. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that 5c-treated parasites showed impaired cytokinesis and apoptosis triggering. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of cinnamic acid derivatives in development of novel anti-leishmanial drugs.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Cinamatos/farmacologia , Leishmania braziliensis/efeitos dos fármacos , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Cinamatos/síntese química , Cinamatos/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Estrutura Molecular , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by mitochondria. Our group previously showed that the UCP2 -866A allele was associated with risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is caused by hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. To date, it is still unclear if the -866A allele directly affects UCP2 expression in endothelial cells. Thus, we investigated the effect of the A allele on UCP2 promoter activity in HUVECs treated with high glucose (HG) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). To quantify UCP2 promoter activity, HUVECs were transfected with pGL3 plasmids containing the UCP2 promoter and the firefly luciferase coding sequence. Experimental groups were: (1) pGL3-866G-transfected cells and (2) pGL3-866A cells, both under normal (4 mM) or HG (25 mM) concentrations for 24 h and 48 h or incubated with H2O2 (0.1 mM) for 1 h. UCP2 promoter activity was monitored by Luminescent Dual-luciferase Assay. HG induced an upregulation of UCP2 promoter activity in PGL3-866G cells after 24 h of treatment (P = 0.027), but not after 48 h. Compared to pGL3-866G cells, pGL3-866A cells seems to have reduced UCP2 promoter activity following 24 h and 48 h of normal glucose treatment (P = 0.087 and P = 0.022). After HG treatment, pGL3-866A cells had more marked UCP2 downregulation (24 h: - 3.2-folds, P < 0.001; and 48 h: - 2.5-folds, P < 0.001 vs. G cells). Both pGL3-866G and pGL3-866A cells treated with H2O2 showed a â 4-fold increase in UCP2 promoter activity (both P < 0.001). The -866A allele modifies UCP2 promoter activity in HUVECs under HG treatment but not in the H2O2 condition.
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Alelos , Genótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Proteína Desacopladora 2/genética , Genes Reporter , Glucose/metabolismo , Glucose/farmacologia , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Estresse OxidativoRESUMO
It is herein described the preparation and evaluation of antimetastatic activity of twenty-six cinnamic acid derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazolic portions. The compounds were prepared using as the key step the Copper(I)-catalyzed azide (A)-alkyne (A) cycloaddition (C) (CuAAC reaction), also known as click reaction, between alkynylated cinnamic acid derivatives and different benzyl azides. The reactions were carried in CH2Cl2/H2O (1:1â¯v/v) at room temperature, and the triazole derivatives were obtained in yields ranging from 73%99%. Reaction times varied from 5 to 40â¯min. The identity of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by IR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopic techniques. They were then submitted to in vitro bioassays to investigate how they act over metastatic behavior of murine melanoma. The most potent compound, namely 3-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)propyl cinnamate (9a), showed significant antimetastatic and antiproliferative activities against B16-F10 cells. In addition, gelatin zymography and molecular docking analyses pointed to the fact that this compound has potential to interact with matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and MMP-2, which are directly involved in melanoma progression. Therefore, these findings suggest that cinnamic acid derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazolic portions may have potential for development of novel candidates for controlling malignant metastatic melanoma.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Cinamatos/farmacologia , Triazóis/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cinamatos/química , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Camundongos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Triazóis/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The combination of systemic metronidazole (MTZ) and amoxicillin (AMX) with scaling and root planing (SRP) has shown to be an effective periodontal treatment. However, some essential issues associated with the use of these antibiotics remain unanswered, such as the ideal time of administration during the course of periodontal treatment. Although these agents are often prescribed after the healing phase of the SRP procedure, there is biological plausibility to support its use in conjunction with the mechanical treatment. However, to date, no placebo controlled randomized clinical trial (RCT) has directly compared these two protocols. Therefore, the aim of this RCT is to compare the clinical, microbiological and immunological effects of the adjunctive systemic MTZ + AMX administered in different phases of the treatment of severe periodontitis. METHODS: Subjects with severe periodontitis (n = 180) are being randomly assigned into three groups (n = 60/group): (i) SRP-only (control group), SRP in combination with 400 mg MTZ + 500 mg AMX, starting (ii) at the first SRP session (active phase group), or (iii) after 3 months of its completion (healing phase group). All volunteers are receiving clinical and microbiological evaluation at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months, and immunological assessment at baseline and 12 months post-therapy. Nine subgingival biofilm samples are being collected per subject and analyzed for counts and proportions of 40 bacterial species by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization, and six gingival crevicular fluid samples are being collected and analyzed for the levels of 20 chemokines by multiplex immunoassay. The primary outcome variable is the number of volunteers reaching the clinical endpoint for treatment (≤ 4 sites with probing depth ≥5 mm) at 1 year post-therapy. Differences in clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters among groups and over time will be evaluated using analysis of variance, analysis of covariance and the Chi-square and Tukey tests. Microbiological and immunological analyses will be performed using adjustments for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance will be set at 5%. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT02954393 . Registered on 3 November 2016.
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Amoxicilina/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Periodontite/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Amoxicilina/efeitos adversos , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Brasil , Raspagem Dentária , Método Duplo-Cego , Esquema de Medicação , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metronidazol/efeitos adversos , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Periodontite/diagnóstico , Periodontite/microbiologia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Aplainamento Radicular , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) was introduced as a promising adjuvant therapy on the periodontal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aPDT on inflammatory mediator levels in residual periodontal pockets of patients with severe chronic periodontitis under periodontal maintenance, during 12 months follow-up. A randomized controlled trial study was conducted in 28 patients with severe chronic periodontitis. After non-surgical periodontal treatment, patients with at least four teeth with residual pocket probing depth (PPD) ≥4 mm were randomly assigned to either aPDT or control group. The aPDT (low power laser: 660 nm, 40 mW, 90 J/cm2, methylene blue 0.01 %) was performed at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months. Clinical parameters were collected before and 3 and 12 months after the intervention, and gingival crevicular fluid was collected in the same times, including 1 week after the intervention. Immunological evaluation was carried out using the Luminex assay which quantified the expression of ten cytokines: interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1ß, IL-8, IL-1ra, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-4, and IL-10. All clinical variables showed significant improvement for both groups, but there was no statistical difference between groups with no clinical benefits. IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-8, and VEGF showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between groups, whereas IL-1ra mediators, IFN-γ, and IL-10 demonstrated a statistical difference (p < 0.01) over time in the same group. At any time, FGF, IL-4, and TNF-α showed no statistical difference between groups (p > 0.05). aPDT therapy can improve the benefits on inflammation control during the periodontal maintenance.
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Periodontite Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Periodontite Crônica/imunologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Fotoquimioterapia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Periodontite Crônica/metabolismo , Periodontite Crônica/patologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Feminino , Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
AIM: A randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of residual pockets of chronic periodontitis patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients with at least four residual periodontal pockets undergoing maintenance care were included and randomly assigned to test group (PDT, n = 18) or control group (sham procedure, n = 16). The intervention was performed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Clinical parameters such as pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP) and plaque index (PI) were measured before intervention and after 3, 6 and 12 months. Subgingival samples were obtained at baseline, and after 7 days, 3, 6 and 12 months to quantify Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia by real-time polimerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: All clinical variables showed significant improvement during the study, but there was no significant difference between test and control groups. The microbiological analyses showed no differences between groups at any time during the study. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this clinical trial and considering the laser and photosensitizer protocol used, PDT failed to demonstrate additional clinical and bacteriological benefits in residual pockets treatment.
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Periodontite Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Bolsa Periodontal/tratamento farmacológico , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efeitos dos fármacos , Carga Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacteroides/efeitos dos fármacos , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Seguimentos , Gengiva/microbiologia , Humanos , Lasers Semicondutores/uso terapêutico , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Masculino , Azul de Metileno/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor/métodos , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/tratamento farmacológico , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Resultado do Tratamento , Treponema denticola/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
AIM:A randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of residual pockets of chronic periodontitis patients.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Thirty-four patients with at least four residual periodontal pockets undergoing maintenance care were included and randomly assigned to test group (PDT, n = 18) or control group (sham procedure, n = 16). The intervention was performed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Clinical parameters such as pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP) and plaque index (PI) were measured before intervention and after 3, 6 and 12 months. Subgingival samples were obtained at baseline, and after 7 days, 3, 6 and 12 months to quantify Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia by real-time polimerase chain reaction (PCR).RESULTS:All clinical variables showed significant improvement during the study, but there was no significant difference between test and control groups. The microbiological analyses showed no differences between groups at any time during the study.CONCLUSION:Within the limits of this clinical trial and considering the laser and photosensitizer protocol used, PDT failed to demonstrate additional clinical and bacteriological benefits in residual pockets treatment.
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Doenças Periodontais , Fotoquimioterapia , Microbiologia , Periodontite CrônicaRESUMO
O uso do laser de baixa potência como instrumento terapêutico vem sendo amplamente incorporado na Medicina e na Odontologia, pois este tem se mostrado um importante auxiliar em tratamento de processos inflamatórios devido à capacidade de imunomodulação dos tecidos. A irradiação com laser excita uma série de moléculas presentes nas mitocôndrias, principalmente os: citocromo c oxidase e superóxido dismutase (NADH), responsáveis pela absorção da luz vermelha e infravermelha. Essas moléculas absorvem a luz e aceleram a transferência de elétrons na cadeia respiratória mitocondrial, aumentando a produção de trifosfato de adenosina (ATP). Devido a essa propriedade, o laser de baixa potência na odontologia é muito bem indicado para as mais diversas especialidades, principalmente na periodontia. Diversos estudos clínicos comprovam que o uso do laser atua como coadjuvante na melhora da resposta inflamatória em diversas situações clínicas como na raspagem subgengival e na reparação de cirurgias periodontais...
The use of low power laser as a therapeutic tool has been widely incorporated in medicine and dentistry, because it has been an important aid in the treatment of inflammatory processes due to its ability of immuno - modulation of tissues . The laser irradiation excites a number of molecules present in the mitochondria especially : cytochrome c oxidase and superoxide dismutase (NADH) responsible for absorption of red and infrared light. These molecules absorb light and accelerate the transfer of electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain increasing the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Due to this property, the low-power laser in dentistry is well suited to the most diverse specialties especially in periodontics . Several clinical studies have shown that the use of laser acts as an adjuvant to improve the inflammatory response in many clinical situations such as subgingival scaling and repair of periodontal surgery...
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Humanos , Doenças Periodontais , LasersRESUMO
Indivíduos fumantes apresentam maior prevalência, severidade e recidivas de doença periodontal, constituindo-se um desafio terapêutico. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a eficácia da Terapia Fotodinâmica (PDT), como terapia complementar ao tratamento não-cirúrgico de pacientes fumantes, portadores de periodontite crônica, por meio de avaliação de parâmetros clínicos periodontais. Um ensaio clínico aleatório controlado de boca dividida foi conduzido para avaliar 35 pacientes com periodontite crônica que foram submetidos ao tratamento periodontal convencional. Dois sítios contra-laterais em cada indivíduo receberam PDT ou procedimento controle (sham). A intervenção foi feita no início do estudo, 3, 6 e 12 meses. Os parâmetros clínicos foram avaliados no início, 3, 6 e 12 meses após o tratamento.Todos os parâmetros clínicos avaliados apresentaram diferenças significativas ao longo do tempo de estudo, porém não foram apresentadas diferenças entre os grupos. Dentro da metodologia utilizada neste estudo, não foi possível afirmar que a terapia fotodinâmica foi eficaz na complementação do tratamento periodontal convencional em indivíduos fumantes
Tobacco smokers patients present higher prevalence, severity and reincidence of destructive periodontal diseases. The aim of this study is to verify the effectiveness of the Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) as complementary therapy to non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis in tobacco-smoker patients by assessing clinical periodontal parameters. A controlled randomized double-blind split-mouth clinical trial was performed to assess 35 periodontal patients with chronic periodontitis will be who received conventional periodontal treatment.Two bilateral sites in each individual received the application of PDT or the control procedure (sham). The intervention was performed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. The clinical parameters was evaluated at baseline, 3, 6,and 12 months after treatment. All clinical parameters showed significant improvement during the study, but there was no significant difference between groups. Considering the methodology that was used, it was not possible to conclude that PDT was efficient as adjunctive for conventional periodontal treatment in smokers individuals
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Periodontais/diagnóstico , Fotoquimioterapia , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Periodontite Crônica/diagnósticoRESUMO
Radiopharmaceuticals are employed in patient diagnostics and disease treatments. Concerning the diagnosis aspect, technetium-99m (99mTc) is utilized to label radiopharmaceuticals for single photon computed emission tomography (SPECT) due to its physical and chemical characteristics. 99mTc fixation on pharmaceuticals depends on a reducing agent, stannous chloride (SnCl(2)) being the most widely-utilized. The genotoxic, clastogenic and anegenic properties of the 99mTc-MDP(methylene diphosphonate used for bone SPECT) and SnCl(2) were evaluated in Wistar rat blood cells using the Comet assay and micronucleus test. The experimental approach was to endovenously administer NaCl 0.9% (negative control), cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg b.w. (positive control), SnCl(2) 500 μg/mL or 99mTc-MDP to animals and blood samples taken immediately before the injection, 3, and 24 h after (in the Comet assay) and 36 h after, for micronucleus test. The data showed that both SnCl(2) and 99mTc-MDP-induced deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand breaks in rat total blood cells, suggesting genotoxic potential. The 99mTc-MDP was not able to induce a significant DNA strand breaks increase in in vivo assays. Taken together, the data presented here points to the formation of a complex between SnCl(2) in the radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-MDP, responsible for the decrease in cell damage, compared to both isolated chemical agents. These findings are important for the practice of nuclear medicine.
Assuntos
Dano ao DNA , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/toxicidade , Medronato de Tecnécio Tc 99m/toxicidade , Compostos de Estanho/toxicidade , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Micronúcleos com Defeito Cromossômico/induzido quimicamente , Testes para Micronúcleos , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Os trabalhadores das indústrias de alimentos estão constantemente sujeitos a atividades que demandam cuidados acentuados em relação ao controle dos produtos, os quais podem acarretar desgastes emocionais e psicológicos. Estes fatores podem influenciar diretamente no ritmo da produção e, consequentemente, na qualidade do produto, podendo ainda contribuir para a ocorrência de acidentes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os riscos ocupacionais presentes em uma unidade de produção de derivados de carne. Estes riscos estão relacionados com o tipo de atividade desenvolvida e, de acordo com a constituição, intensidade e tempo de exposição, podem causar danos à saúde ou integridade física dos trabalhadores. No estudo foram observadas as condições do local de trabalho, tais como instalações físicas, maquinários e atividades desenvolvidas pelos operadores e demais frequentadores. Também foram realizadas entrevistas informais com os trabalhadores, de modo a obter informações sobre os processos realizados e esclarecimentos sobre a forma de realização das atividades. Foram identificados riscos físicos, químicos, ergonômicos e de acidentes, cujas ações para sua eliminação vão desde medidas simples e de baixo custo até outras mais complexas. As medidas preventivas, se adotadas, poderão contribuir para garantia de um ambiente de trabalho mais seguro e com menor possibilidade de ocorrência de acidentes em relação aos riscos identificados.
Food processing and production are activities that demand close attention and can lead to emotional and psychological exhaustion to workers involved in it. These factors can affect production rate and, consequently, the final quality of product and may also contribute to the occurrence of accidents. The current study identified the occupational risks present in a meat products processing plant. Such risks related to the labor development and the intensity and exposure time can cause damages to the worker?s health and physical integrity. The study observed the conditions of facilities, machinery and the activities performed by the workers and other visitors. Some interviews were carried out in order to obtain information about the process or activities developed. Physical, chemical, ergonomic and accident risks were identified, and the actions to eliminate them range from simple and low cost actions to more complex ones. The preventive actions, once adopted, could contribute to a safer work environment and with less possibility of accident occurrence, with regard to the identified risks.
RESUMO
Tool use has been observed in a variety of primate species, including both New and Old World monkeys. However, such reports mainly address the most prodigious tool users and frequently limit discussions of tool-using behavior to a foraging framework. Here, we present observations of novel and spontaneous tool use in wild black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi), where female spider monkeys used detached sticks in a self-directed manner. We introduce factors to explain Ateles tool-using abilities and limitations, and encourage the synthesis of relevant research in order to gain insight into the cognitive abilities of spider monkeys and the evolution of tool-using behaviors in primates.
Assuntos
Atelinae/fisiologia , Comportamento de Utilização de Ferramentas/fisiologia , Animais , Evolução Biológica , Cognição/fisiologia , Costa Rica , Feminino , ObservaçãoRESUMO
The aim of this work was to evaluate, by comet assay, the possible inducing of DNA lesions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of rats subjected to acute or chronic food deprivation. Wistar male rats were subjected to 72 h of partial (50%), or total acute food deprivation, and then allowed to recover for different time periods (24, 48 and 72 h). In other experiments, comet scores were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of rats subjected to chronic food deprivation (25% and 50%) for 50 days. Blood aliquots were obtained before, during and after food deprivation. Comet assay was carried out, the comet units photographed and scored (class 0 up to 3). Acute and chronic food-deprived rats presented peripheral blood mononuclear cells with DNA lesions (comet classes 1, 2 and 3) and a significant increase (p<0.05) in the number of comet units compared with its basal level. The increase was proportional to acute food deprivation time, but after being taken off, it progressively returned to basal level after 48 h (partial group) or 72 h (total group). Chronic food-deprived rats presented a progressive increase of comet score up to 5 days, and a decrease thereafter to reach a basal level. Possible mechanisms of DNA lesions are discussed.