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Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible individuals. The haplotypes HLA-DQ2 and DQ8, transglutaminase (TGA) antibodies, and biopsy findings are the main tests performed in the evaluation and CD diagnosis. The objective was to establish possible correlations between transglutaminase levels, genetic markers tests, and qualitative intestinal biopsy findings (modified Marsh classification) at the diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective cohort study. The selection criteria were confirmed CD cases with genetic tests performed. Statistical analysis was done mainly through One-way ANOVA, Kendall's correlation coefficient (T), and linear regression. Results: The study included 112 patients, with a mean age of 6 ± 4 years. All cases were tested to HLA-DQ2, and it was positive in 93%. HLA-DQ8 was tested in 73% of cases and it was positive in 61%. The percentage of negative genetic markers (DQ2/DQ8) was 4.5% for patients tested to both haplotypes. A comparison of DQ2/DQ8 (positive and negative) with clinical findings and tests performed did not identify any differences for most of the parameters analyzed. Cases of type I diabetes presented significant negative expression for DQ2(-); p = 0.05 and positive expression for DQ8(+); p = 0.023. The TGA antibody levels ranged from 18 to 36,745 U/ml. An inverse correlation was found between age and TGA-L level (p = 0.043). In 23% of the cases, the TGA levels were greater than 1,000 U/ml and presented a moderate positive correlation with the atrophy biopsy profile (T = 0.245). Patients with an atrophic biopsy profile (Marsh III) had a moderate positive correlation with growth failure (T = 0.218) but a negative correlation with constipation (T = -0.277). Conclusion: In terms of diagnosis tests for CD, transglutaminase levels and age presented an inverse correlation, with the level decreasing as age increased. A moderately positive correlation was found between mean transglutaminase with intestinal atrophy and growth retardation. The genetic test DQ2 was positive for 93% and negative genetic markers (DQ2/DQ8) represented 4.5% of cases studied.
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Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel is a potential source of bioactive phenolic compounds such as ellagic acid and α- and ß-punicalagin. This work explores the efficiency of natural deep eutectic solvents combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) for their extraction. Five NaDESs were evaluated by employing UAE (25 °C, for 50 min) to determine their total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu assay) and ellagic acid and α- and ß-punicalagin contents (high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD)). The NaDES composed of choline chloride (ChCl) and glycerol (Gly) (1:2, molar ratio) was the most efficient in the UAE when compared with the rest of the NaDESs and water extracts. Therefore, ChCl:Gly was further evaluated using PLE at different temperatures (40, 80, 120 and 160 °C). The PLE-NaDES extract obtained at 80 °C for 20 min at 1500 psi exhibited the highest contents of ellagic acid and α- and ß-punicalagin compared to the rest of the temperatures and PLE-water extracts obtained under the same extraction conditions. Combining UAE or PLE with a NaDES emerges as a sustainable alternative for extracting ellagic acid and α- and ß-punicalagin from pomegranate peel.
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Ácido Elágico , Fenóis , Extratos Vegetais , Punica granatum , Punica granatum/química , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ácido Elágico/química , Ácido Elágico/isolamento & purificação , Solventes Eutéticos Profundos/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/química , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/isolamento & purificação , Frutas/química , Solventes/químicaRESUMO
Indoor residual spray (IRS), mainly employing pyrethroid insecticides, is the most common intervention for preventing malaria transmission in many regions of Latin America; the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) has been more limited. Knockdown resistance (kdr) is a well-characterized target-site resistance mechanism associated with pyrethroid and DDT resistance. Most mutations detected in acetylcholinesterase-1 (Ace-1) and voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) genes are non-synonymous, resulting in a change in amino acid, leading to the non-binding of the insecticide. In the present study, we analyzed target-site resistance in Nyssorhynchus darlingi, the primary malaria vector in the Amazon, in multiple malaria endemic localities. We screened 988 wild-caught specimens of Ny. darlingi from three localities in Amazonian Peru and four in Amazonian Brazil. Collections were conducted between 2014 and 2021. The criteria were Amazonian localities with a recent history as malaria hotspots, primary transmission by Ny. darlingi, and the use of both IRS and LLINs as interventions. Fragments of Ace-1 (456 bp) and VGSC (228 bp) were amplified, sequenced, and aligned with Ny. darlingi sequences available in GenBank. We detected only synonymous mutations in the frequently reported Ace-1 codon 280 known to confer resistance to organophosphates and carbamates, but detected three non-synonymous mutations in other regions of the gene. Similarly, no mutations linked to insecticide resistance were detected in the frequently reported codon (995) at the S6 segment of domain II of VGSC. The lack of genotypic detection of insecticide resistance mutations by sequencing the Ace-1 and VGSC genes from multiple Ny. darlingi populations in Brazil and Peru could be associated with low-intensity resistance, or possibly the main resistance mechanism is metabolic.
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Anopheles , Inseticidas , Malária , Piretrinas , Canais de Sódio Disparados por Voltagem , Animais , Acetilcolinesterase/genética , Anopheles/genética , Resistência a Inseticidas/genética , Brasil , Peru/epidemiologia , Mosquitos Vetores/genética , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Mutação , Piretrinas/farmacologia , Canais de Sódio Disparados por Voltagem/genética , CódonRESUMO
Fundamento: las enfermedades de la glándula tiroidea son comunes en los adultos mayores y, muchas veces, cursan inadvertidas. Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y ultrasonográficamente a los pacientes geriátricos portadores de nódulo de tiroides. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, en el Servicio de Geriatría del Hospital General Docente Martín Chang Puga de la provincia de Camagüey, durante los años 2019 al 2022. Se incluyeron los 48 gerontes atendidos en el servicio y diagnosticados con enfermedad nodular del tiroides. Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas de los pacientes. Se analizaron las variables edad (por grupos de edades), sexo, color de la piel, manifestaciones clínicas y diagnóstico ecográfico. Resultados: el grupo etario de mayor afectación estuvo entre 60 a 69 años con predominio del femenino y del color blanco de la piel. La astenia prevaleció dentro de las manifestaciones clínicas. En el diagnóstico ecográfico prevaleció el nivel I, según el Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System. Conclusiones: la alta prevalencia de las enfermedades del tiroides, en especial en el adulto mayor, hace necesario la realización de un cribado para el diagnóstico ecográfico, al ser una prueba diagnóstica beneficiosa, fiable y a un bajo costo en Atención Primaria de Salud.
Foundation: thyroid gland diseases are common in older adults and often go unnoticed. Objective: to characterize clinically and ultrasonographically geriatric patients with thyroid nodule. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out in the Martín Chang Puga Teaching General Hospital geriatrics service in Camagüey province, from 2019 to 2022. 48 elderly were the universe made up who attended in the service, and were diagnosed with nodular thyroid disease. The data was obtained from the patients' medical records, the age groups; sex, skin color, clinical manifestations, and ultrasound diagnosis were the analyzed variables. Results: the most affected age group was between 60 and 69 years old, with a predominance of females and white skin color. Asthenia prevailed within the clinical manifestations. In the ultrasound diagnosis, level I prevailed, according to the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System. Conclusions: the high prevalence of thyroid diseases, especially in the elderly, makes it necessary to perform a screening for ultrasound diagnosis, as it is a beneficial, reliable and low-cost diagnostic test in Primary Health Care.
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The persistence of malaria hotspots in Datem del Marañon Province, Peru, prompted vector control units at the Ministry of Health, Loreto Department, to collaborate with the Amazonian International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research to identify the main vectors in several riverine villages that had annual parasite indices > 15 in 2018-2019. Anophelinae were collected indoors and outdoors for two 12-hour nights/community during the dry season in 2019 using human landing catch. We identified four species: Nyssorhynchus benarrochi B, Nyssorhynchus darlingi, Nyssorhynchus triannulatus, and Anopheles mattogrossensis. The most abundant, Ny. benarrochi B, accounted for 96.3% of the total (7,550/7,844), of which 61.5% were captured outdoors (4,641/7,550). Six mosquitoes, one Ny. benarrochi B and five Ny. darlingi, were infected by Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax. Human biting rates ranged from 0.5 to 592.8 bites per person per hour for Ny. benarrochi B and from 0.5 to 32.0 for Ny. darlingi, with entomological inoculation rates as high as 0.50 infective bites per night for Ny. darlingi and 0.25 for Ny. benarrochi B. These data demonstrate the risk of malaria transmission by both species even during the dry season in villages in multiple watersheds in Datem del Marañon province.
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Anopheles , Malária , Plasmodium , Animais , Humanos , Anopheles/parasitologia , Peru/epidemiologia , Estações do Ano , Malária/epidemiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN. La epistemología, rama de la filosofía que estudia el proceso de investigación y su producto el conocimiento científico, implica ámbitos de la ciencia con enfoque positivismo y postpositivismo, interpretativismo, teoría crítica; y, transcomplejo, cada uno de ellos con los elementos paradigmáticos de: ontología, epistemología y metodología, su conocimiento y aplicabilidad en los diferentes ámbitos es fundamental porque sus enfoques generan ciencia. OBJETIVO. Desarrollar capacidades intelectuales en bases contextuales y teóricas en epistemología de la investigación social, indispensables para el ejercicio profesional en el ámbito de la investigación científica y del conocimiento científico. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, con población y muestra conocida de 30 modalidades de publicación, periodo junio a julio 2020. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: fuentes secundarias de información bibliográfica validadas en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales. La técnica de observación fue en buscadores bibliográficos PUBMED, Scielo, Scopus, Diccionario de Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud y la Real Academia Española. La tarea de revisar la literatura de investigación comprendió la identificación, selección, análisis crítico, descripción escrita, interpretación, discusión y conclusión de la información que existe sobre la epistemología de la investigación social, tema, que se registró con aplicación de un gestor de referencias bibliográficas, tipo Microsoft Word. RESULTADOS. Se logró obtener capacidades intelectuales al estructurar la cronológica de la epistemología de la investigación social, del conocimiento científico y nuevas perspectivas para el ejercicio profesional en el ámbito de la investigación científica. CONCLUSIÓN. Las perspectivas se orientan a integrar paradigmas pasados y futuros con visión de transcomplejidad, espacios organológicos de una gran red, conformación de cibercomunidades de investigación, uso de método integrador, nuevo lenguaje en equipos multidisciplinarios, agentes como el foco principal de la teoridad epistémica en espacio, tiempo y la relación entre las cosas.
INTRODUCTION. Epistemology, a branch of philosophy that studies the research process and its product, scientific knowledge, involves areas of science focussed in with positivism and postpositivism, interpretivism, critical theory; and, transcomplex, each one of them with the paradigmatic elements of: ontology, epistemology and methodology, their knowledge and applicability in the different fields is fundamental because their approaches generate science. OBJECTIVE. Develop intellectual capacities on contextual and theoretical bases in the epistemology of social research, essential for professional practice in the field of scientific research and scientific knowledge. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Observational, descriptive study, with population and a known sample of 30 publication modalities, period June to July 2020. The inclusion criteria were: secondary sources of bibliographic information validated in the field of social sciences. The observation technique was in bibliographic search engines PUBMED, Scielo, Scopus, Dictionary of Descriptors in Health Sciences and the Royal Spanish Academy. The task of reviewing the research literature included the identification, selection, critical analysis, written description, interpretation, discussion and conclusion of the information that exists on the epistemology of social research, subject, which was registered with the application of a reference manager bibliographic, Microsoft Word type. RESULTS. Intellectual capacities were obtained by structuring the chronology of the epistemology of social research, scientific knowledge and new perspectives for professional practice in the field of scientific research. CONCLUSION. The perspectives are aimed at integrating past and future paradigms with a vision of transcomplexity, organological spaces of a large network, formation of research cyber communities, use of integrative method, new language in multidisciplinary teams, agents as the main focus of epistemic theory in space, time and the relationship between things.
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Pensamento/classificação , Ciência Cognitiva , Pesquisa Interdisciplinar , Descoberta do Conhecimento , Validade Social em Pesquisa , Aprendizado Social , Filosofia Médica , Formação de Conceito/classificação , Conhecimento , Equador , Gestão do ConhecimentoRESUMO
RESUMENObjetivo: determinar la relación entre la inteligencia emocional y la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Método: diseñodescriptivo, transversal y correlacional, muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia con una muestra de 365 estudiantes de una institución pública de educación superior en el periodo 2021-2022, en H. Matamoros, Tamaulipas, México, se utilizó estadística descriptiva y correlacional. Resultados: el género femenino fue mayor (76.7%), con un rango de edad de 18 a 24 años, donde la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol en la vida fue de 77% y la edad de primer consumo se ubicó entre 15 y 18 años (56.4%). El consumo lapsico fue en el último año 38.8%. Las dimensiones inteligencia emocional de atención de los sentimientos y reparación de emociones presentaron en ambos géneros valores similares, en su mayoría un nivel adecuado y excelente. La correlación en mujeres entre edad de consumo de alcohol y las dimensiones la inteligencia emocional, fue significativa e inversa. Conclusión:los estudiantes presentan altas prevalencias de consumo y inteligencia emocional, se encontró que para el género masculino la claridad emocional requiere estrategias que permitan mejorarla.
Objective:to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and the prevalence of alcohol consumption in university students. Method: descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational design, non-probabilistic convenience sampling with a sample of 365 students from a public institution of higher education in the period 2021-2022, in H. Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico, descriptive and correlational statistics were used. Results: the female gender was higher (76.7%), with an age range of 18 to 24 years, where the prevalence of alcohol consumption in life was 77% and the age of first consumption was between 15 and 18 years. (56.4%). The lapsique consumption was in the last year 38.8%. The emotional intelligence dimensions of attention to feelings and repair of emotions presented similar values in both genders, mostly an adequate and excellent level. The correlation in women between the age of alcohol consumption and the emotional intelligence dimensions was significant and inverse. Conclusion: the students present high prevalences of consumption and emotional intelligence, it was found that for the male gender, emotional clarity requires strategies that allow it to be improved.
Objetivo:determinar a relação entre a inteligência emocional e a prevalência do consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários. Método: desenho descritivo, transversal e correlacional, amostragem não probabilística de conveniência com 365 estudantes de uma instituição pública de ensino superior no período de 2021 a 2022, em H. Matamoros, Tamaulipas, México. Aplicou estatística descritiva e correlacional. Resultados: o sexofeminino foi maior (76,7%), com faixa etária de 18 a 24 anos, onde a prevalência de consumo de álcool na vida foi de 77% e a idade do primeiro consumo foi entre 15 e 18 anos (56,4%). O consumo lapsico foi no ano passado 38,8%. As dimensões da inteligênciaemocional de atenção aos sentimentos e reparação de emoções apresentaram valores semelhantes em ambos os sexos, na sua maioria um nível adequado e excelente. A correlação das mulheres entre a idade de consumo de álcool e as dimensões da inteligência emocional foi significativa e inversa. Conclusão: os alunos apresentam altas prevalências de consumo e inteligência emocional, e verificou-se que para o gênero masculino, a clareza emocional requer estratégias que permitam melhorá-la.
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Estudantes , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Inteligência EmocionalRESUMO
El presente relato describe la adaptación que atravesó el equipo docente del Laboratorio de Aprendizaje de Prácticas Simuladas en una institución educativa de nivel universitario en Argentina al enfrentar el cambio en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, para ajustarse a las nuevas modalidades educativas con el fn de dar seguimiento a las actividades prácticas de simulación. En base a ello, se buscó reconocer como se logró, en dos aspectos: en primer lugar, relacionado a las tecnologías que debieron de adquirir; y en segundo, referido a las plataformas que debieron utilizar, considerándose los cambios a evaluar e implementar en la virtualidad, sirvieron como punto de partida para la creación de reglamentos y propuestas pedagógicas en simulación clínica. A modo de cierre, se arribó a conclusiones y retroalimentaciones positivas en cuanto a los objetivos planteados, pudiendo así implementar favorablemente estrategias tales como plataformas de trasmisión (streaming), recursos digitales e interrogación. (debriefng)[AU]
This report describes the adaptation that the teaching team of the Simulated Practices Learning Laboratory went through in a university-level educational institution in Argentina when facing the change in the teaching-learning process, to adjust to the new educational modalities in order to follow up on practical simulation activities. Based on this, we sought to recognize how it was achieved in two aspects; in the frst place, related to the technologies that they had to acquire; and secondly, referring to the platforms that they had to use, considering the changes to be evaluated and implemented in virtuality, which served as a starting point for the creation of regulations and pedagogical proposals in clinical simulation. By way of closing, positive conclusions and feedback were reached regarding the objectives set, thus being able to favorably implement strategies such as streaming, digital resources and debriefng[AU]
Este relatório descreve a adaptação que a equipe docente do Laboratório de Aprendizagem de Práticas Simuladas passou em uma instituição educacional de nível universitário na Argentina diante da mudança no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, para se adequar às novas modalidades educacionais para acompanhar atividades práticas de simulação. Com base nisso, buscou-se reconhecer como isso foi alcançado em dois aspectos; em primeiro lugar, relacionadas com as tecnologias que tiveram de adquirir; e em segundo lugar, referindo-se às plataformas que deveriam utilizar, considerando as mudanças a serem avaliadas e implementadas na virtualidade, que serviram de ponto de partida para a criação de normativas e propostas pedagógicas em simulação clínica. Em jeito de encerramento, chegaram-se a conclusões e feedback positivos relativamente aos objetivos traçados, podendo assim implementar de forma favorável estratégias como streaming, recursos digitais e debriefng[AU]
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Humanos , Ensino , Tecnologia , Docentes de Enfermagem , Treinamento por Simulação , UniversidadesRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN. Los Comités de Ética de Investigación en Seres Humanos deben proteger la dignidad, los derechos, el bienestar y la seguridad de los sujetos investigados; evalúan aspectos éticos, metodológicos y jurídicos de los protocolos de investigación, competencia otorgada por el ente sanitario del país que ameritó observar si se cumplió. OBJETIVO. Evaluar la situación de los Comités de Ética de Investigación en Seres Humanos, basados en la percepción del cursillista, la normativa, las repercusiones y consecuencias para mantener su condición activa y su trascendencia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio descriptivo, transversal y ambispectivo con un universo de 1 327 profesionales del área de la salud y una muestra de 385 encuestados que expresaron su percepción sobre trece Comités de Ética de Investigación en Seres Humanos a nivel nacional, con revisión bibliográfica nacional e internacional, se excluyeron los suspendidos. Se aplicó encuesta validada online, período abril a octubre de 2019. Data analizada en Excel y SPSS versión 23. RESULTADOS. El 76,92% Comités de Ética de Investigación en Seres Humanos fueron de la ciudad de Quito. Los cursillistas percibieron que el 64,16%, no trascendieron en su labor; desconocieron que: la Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia de la Salud, cuestionó el nombramiento de algún miembro un 97,14%; el cuestionamiento estuvo basado en la norma vigente un 79,48%; sobre la aprobación del plan anual de capacitación en investigación, 2019, un 95,06%; el plan anual de capacitación específico un 77,40%, y no recibieron directrices ni retroalimentación en temas de capacitación en calidad de investigador, un 90,39%. Además, percibieron que los Comités fueron responsables de capacitar otros Comités de ética de Investigación en Seres Humanos, un 81,82% y a los investigadores, un 85,71%; que deben elaborar el plan anual de educación específica para los miembros del comité, un 89,35%. CONCLUSIÓN. Se identificó entre los problemas que los investigadores casi no los conocen y hay necesidad de actualizar la norma que afectó el funcionamiento. Los justificativos para mantener la condición activa no se cumplieron, se evidenció la necesidad de asesoría para los comités por parte de las autoridades competentes, sin lograr conformación consolidada con actores y repercutió en su trascendencia.
INTRODUCTION. The Research Ethics Committees on Human Beings must protect the dignity, rights, well-being and safety of the research subjects; evaluate ethical, methodological and legal aspects of the research protocols, a competence granted by the health entity of the country that merited see if it is done. OBJECTIVE. Evaluate the situation of the Ethics Committees for Research in Human Beings, based on the perception of the trainee, the regulations, the repercussions and consequences to maintain their active condition and their transcendence. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Descriptive, cross-sectional and ambispective study with a universe of 1,327 professionals in the health area and a sample of 385 respondents who expressed their perception of thirteen Research Ethics Committees on Human Beings at the national level, with national and international bibliographic review. those suspended were excluded. An online validated survey was applied, from April to October 2019. Data analyzed in Excel and SPSS version 23. RESULTS. 76.92% Human Research Ethics Committees were from the city of Quito. The trainees perceived that 64,16%, did not transcend in their work; they did not know that: the National Directorate of Health Intelligence, questioned the appointment of a member 97,14%; the questioning was based on the current norm 79,48%; on the approval of the annual research training plan, 2019, 95,06%; the specific annual training plan 77,40%, and did not receive guidelines or feedback on training issues as a researcher, 90,39%. In addition, they perceived that the Committees were responsible for training other Human Beings Research Ethics Committees, 81,82% and the researchers, 85,71%; that they must prepare the annual specific education plan for the members of the committee, 89,35%. CONCLUSION. It was identified among the problems that the researchers hardly know them and there is a need to update the norm that affected the operation. The justifications to maintain the active condition were not fulfilled, the need for advice for the committees by the competent authorities was evidenced, without achieving a consolidated conformation with actors and had repercussions on its importance. hardly know them and there is a need to update the norm that affected the operation. The justifications to maintain the active condition were not fulfilled, the need for advice for the committees by the competent authorities was evidenced, without achieving a consolidated conformation with actors and had repercussions on its importance.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Projetos de Pesquisa , Bioética , Revisão Ética/normas , Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa , Ética Baseada em Princípios , Ética em Pesquisa , Pesquisadores , Protocolos Clínicos , Guias como Assunto , Eticistas , Aconselhamento Diretivo , Sujeitos da Pesquisa , Equador , Comitês Consultivos , Ética Institucional , Legislação MédicaRESUMO
A central problem in developmental and synthetic biology is understanding the mechanisms by which cells in a tissue or a Petri dish process external cues and transform such information into a coherent response, e.g., a terminal differentiation state. It was long believed that this type of positional information could be entirely attributed to a gradient of concentration of a specific signaling molecule (i.e., a morphogen). However, advances in experimental methodologies and computer modeling have demonstrated the crucial role of the dynamics of a cell's gene regulatory network (GRN) in decoding the information carried by the morphogen, which is eventually translated into a spatial pattern. This morphogen interpretation mechanism has gained much attention in systems biology as a tractable system to investigate the emergent properties of complex genotype-phenotype maps. In this study, we apply a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)-like algorithm to probe the design space of three-node GRNs with the ability to generate a band-like expression pattern (target phenotype) in the middle of an arrangement of 30 cells, which resemble a simple (1-D) morphogenetic field in a developing embryo. Unlike most modeling studies published so far, here we explore the space of GRN topologies with nodes having the potential to perceive the same input signal differently. This allows for a lot more flexibility during the search space process, and thus enables us to identify a larger set of potentially interesting and realizable morphogen interpretation mechanisms. Out of 2061 GRNs selected using the search space algorithm, we found 714 classes of network topologies that could correctly interpret the morphogen. Notably, the main network motif that generated the target phenotype in response to the input signal was the type 3 Incoherent Feed-Forward Loop (I3-FFL), which agrees with previous theoretical expectations and experimental observations. Particularly, compared to a previously reported pattern forming GRN topologies, we have uncovered a great variety of novel network designs, some of which might be worth inquiring through synthetic biology methodologies to test for the ability of network design with minimal regulatory complexity to interpret a developmental cue robustly.
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Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Biologia de Sistemas , Expressão Gênica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Biologia SintéticaRESUMO
METHODS: The descriptive, cross-sectional design included a convenience sample of Mexican women with a previous diagnosis of cervical dysplasia. RESULTS: Women (n = 61) were young adults (M = 27 years, SD = 6.92) reporting single marital status (55%) and sexually active (93%). Mean age at onset of sexual activity was 17 years; a majority of women (78.8%) had more than one sexual partner in their lifetime with 56.6% reporting between two and five partners. All (100%) of the women indicated that they would "choose self-sampling for HPV detection" and would recommend it to other women. Concerning "attitudes toward HPV," the women responded that it is necessary to comply with HPV treatment and understand that preventative measures can avoid HPV transmission. CONCLUSION: Women reported high acceptability for self-sampling and positive attitudes toward HPV diagnostic procedures. Women indicated substantial interest in learning more about HPV, its transmission, preventive measures, routine testing, and recommended self-sampling for HPV detection.
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Infecções por Papillomavirus , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Autocuidado , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the teachers' attitudes and knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands region in Spain, between May 14 - 18, 2020. A virtual questionnaire based on a validated instrument was applied. We included 1,503 surveys, which showed that teachers are unwilling to work if there is risk of infection at the school (76.6%). However, they state that they would go to work if they had the appropriate hygiene (69.2%) and protection (67.0%) measures. In conclusion, it is important to guarantee the necessary preventive measures to avoid contagion in educational centers, promoting specific training of teachers in primary prevention.
Con el objetivo de estudiar las actitudes y conocimientos sobre la pandemia por la COVID-19 en el personal docente de la región de Canarias en España, se realizó un estudio transversal entre el 14 y el 18 de mayo de 2020, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario virtual basado en un instrumento validado. Se incluyeron 1503 encuestas, en donde se describe que el personal docente no está dispuesto a trabajar si existe riesgo de infectarse en el centro educativo (76,6%). No obstante, afirman que acudiría a trabajar si dispusieran de las medidas higiénicas (69,2%) y de protección adecuadas (67,0%). En conclusión, resulta pertinente garantizar las medidas preventivas necesarias para evitar el contagio en los centros educativos, propiciando la formación específica de los docentes en prevención primaria.
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COVID-19 , Pandemias , Estudos Transversais , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2 , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
RESUMEN Con el objetivo de estudiar las actitudes y conocimientos sobre la pandemia por la COVID-19 en el personal docente de la región de Canarias en España, se realizó un estudio transversal entre el 14 y el 18 de mayo de 2020, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario virtual basado en un instrumento validado. Se incluyeron 1503 encuestas, en donde se describe que el personal docente no está dispuesto a trabajar si existe riesgo de infectarse en el centro educativo (76,6%). No obstante, afirman que acudiría a trabajar si dispusieran de las medidas higiénicas (69,2%) y de protección adecuadas (67,0%). En conclusión, resulta pertinente garantizar las medidas preventivas necesarias para evitar el contagio en los centros educativos, propiciando la formación específica de los docentes en prevención primaria.
ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the teachers' attitudes and knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands region in Spain, between May 14 - 18, 2020. A virtual questionnaire based on a validated instrument was applied. We included 1,503 surveys, which showed that teachers are unwilling to work if there is risk of infection at the school (76.6%). However, they state that they would go to work if they had the appropriate hygiene (69.2%) and protection (67.0%) measures. In conclusion, it is important to guarantee the necessary preventive measures to avoid contagion in educational centers, promoting specific training of teachers in primary prevention.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Espanha , Atitude , Saúde Pública , Saúde Ocupacional , Conhecimento , Pessoal de Educação , Prevenção Primária , Higiene , Doenças Transmissíveis , Inquéritos e Questionários , Infecções por Coronavirus , Vigilância em Desastres , Docentes , COVID-19 , Promoção da SaúdeRESUMO
RESUMEN Con el objetivo de estudiar las actitudes y conocimientos sobre la pandemia por la COVID-19 en el personal docente de la región de Canarias en España, se realizó un estudio transversal entre el 14 y el 18 de mayo de 2020, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario virtual basado en un instrumento validado. Se incluyeron 1503 encuestas, en donde se describe que el personal docente no está dispuesto a trabajar si existe riesgo de infectarse en el centro educativo (76,6%). No obstante, afirman que acudiría a trabajar si dispusieran de las medidas higiénicas (69,2%) y de protección adecuadas (67,0%). En conclusión, resulta pertinente garantizar las medidas preventivas necesarias para evitar el contagio en los centros educativos, propiciando la formación específica de los docentes en prevención primaria.
ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the teachers' attitudes and knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands region in Spain, between May 14 - 18, 2020. A virtual questionnaire based on a validated instrument was applied. We included 1,503 surveys, which showed that teachers are unwilling to work if there is risk of infection at the school (76.6%). However, they state that they would go to work if they had the appropriate hygiene (69.2%) and protection (67.0%) measures. In conclusion, it is important to guarantee the necessary preventive measures to avoid contagion in educational centers, promoting specific training of teachers in primary prevention.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Transmissíveis , Saúde Ocupacional , Infecções por Coronavirus , Promoção da Saúde , Higiene , Saúde Pública , Docentes , Vigilância em Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
Cuando hablamos de cambio climático en el país debemos hacer referencia explícita a unas consecuencias ya visibles y reconocibles por todos. Este artículo presenta historias de científicos de la Universidad del Rosario que dedican sus esfuerzos a estudiar y comprender las acciones que se llevan a cabo en Colombia para luchar contra los efectos producidos por el cambio climático.
When we talk about climate change in the country, we must make explicit reference to consequences that are already visible and recognizable by all. This article presents stories of scientists from the Universidad del Rosario who dedicate their efforts to studying and understanding the actions carried out in Colombia to fight against the effects of climate change.
Assuntos
HumanosRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN. Los encuentros académicos públicos de expertos en divulgación cien-tífica que a través de órganos de registro y difusión oficial de revistas promueven el progreso de la ciencia, son un canal de comunicación entre la comunidad científica, tra-ducen el conocimiento de las disciplinas, educan y actualizan al profesional en sus roles de autor, lector, revisor, editor. Se fundamentan en políticas públicas y conducta ética. OBJETIVO. Describir las memorias del encuentro de editores, noviembre 2019, como insumo para las autoridades competentes que contribuya a establecer políticas y estrate-gias que permitan elevar la calidad científica, así como el proceso editorial de las revistas científicas en salud del Ecuador. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, con población y muestra conocida, obtención de la información en el sistema de gestión documental del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, noviembre 2019. RESULTADOS. Estadística descriptiva del perfil de los asistentes, descripción de problemas, soluciones y aportes. CONCLUSIÓN. Obtención de insumos del encuentro de editores en las "Buenas Prácticas del Proceso Editorial". Organización, estructura, norma, rol del equipo editorial, revisión de pares y Plan Anual de Capacitación Continua.
INTRODUCTION. Public academic meetings of experts in scientific dissemination that through the registration and official dissemination bodies of journals promote the progress of science, are a channel of communication between the scientific community, transla-te knowledge of the disciplines, educate and update the professional in their roles as author, reader, reviewer, editor. They are based on public policies and ethical conduct. OBJECTIVE. Describe the memories of the meeting of editors, November 2019, as an input for the competent authorities that contributes to establishing policies and strategies that allow raising scientific quality, as well as the editorial process of scientific journals in health in Ecuador. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Descriptive study, with a population and a known sample, obtaining the information in the document management system of the Carlos Andrade Marin Specialties Hospital, November 2019. RESULTS. Descriptive statistics of the assistants profile, description of problems, solutions and contributions. CONCLUSION. Obtaining inputs from the meeting of editors in the "Good Practices of the Editorial Process". Organization, structure, norm, role of the editorial team, peer review and Annual Continuous Training Plan.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Revisão da Pesquisa por Pares , Publicação Periódica , Ética na Publicação Científica , Formatos de Publicação , Publicação de Acesso Aberto , Endogamia , Gestão da Qualidade Total , HospitaisRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and balanced anesthesia (BA) are the most commonly used anesthetic techniques. The differences are the variability of the depth of anesthesia between these techniques that might predict which one is safer for patients and presents a lower risk of intraoperative awakening. Objective: To determine whether a difference exists in the variability of depth of anesthesia obtained by response entropy (RE). Methods: A crossover clinical trial was conducted on 20 healthy patients receiving upper or lower limb ambulatory orthopedic surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to (a) target-controlled infusion of propofol using the Schnider model at a target concentration of 2.5 µg/mL for 15 minutes and a 10-minute washout, followed by sevoflurane administration at 0.8 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) for the reminder of the surgery, or (b) the reverse sequence. Differences in the variability of the depth of anesthesia using RE were evaluated using paired t-test. Results: The treatment effect showed no significant difference in the average values of RE, during TIVA = 97.23 vs BA 97.04 (P = 0.39). Carry Over (-4.98 vs 4.08) and Period (100.3 vs 94.68) effects were not significantly different. Conclusion: The present study suggests that both anesthetic techniques are equivalent in terms of the stability of the depth of anesthesia. It is important to keep testing the determinants of the efficacy of different populations because the individual behaviors of patients might ultimately tip the scale.
Resumen Introducción: La anestesia total intravenosa (TIVA, por sus siglas en inglés) y la anestesia balanceada (AB) son las técnicas anestésicas más comúnmente utilizadas. La diferencia está en la variabilidad de la profundidad de la anestesia entre estas dos técnicas, lo cual pudiera predecir cuál es más segura para los pacientes y representar un menor riesgo de despertar intraoperatorio. Objetivo: Determinar si existe alguna diferencia en la variabilidad de la profundidad de la anestesia obtenida según los índices de entropía de respuesta (ER). Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio clínico cruzado en 20 pacientes sanos que se sometieron a cirugía ortopédica ambulatoria de miembros superiores o inferiores. Los pacientes se asignaron aleatoriamente así: a) infusión controlada por objetivo (TCI, por sus siglas en inglés) de propofol, utilizando el modelo Schnider a una concentración objetivo de 2,5 µg/mL durante 15 min y un período de lavado de 10 minutos, seguido de la administración de sevoflurano a 0,8 de concentración alveolar mínima (CAM) durante el tiempo restante de la cirugía; o b) la secuencia inversa. Las diferencias en la variabilidad de la profundidad de la anestesia utilizando entropía de respuesta se evaluaron utilizando la prueba t pareada. Resultados: El efecto del tratamiento no mostró ninguna diferencia significativa en los valores promedio de entropía de respuesta (ER) durante TIVA = 97,23 vs. AB 97,04 (P = 0,39). Los efectos de arrastre (-4,98 vs. 4,08) y período (100,3 vs. 94,68) no fueron significativamente diferentes. Conclusiones: El presente estudio sugiere que ambas técnicas anestésicas son equivalentes en términos de estabilidad de la profundidad de la anestesia. Es importante continuar probando los factores determinantes de eficacia en las distintas poblaciones, ya que el comportamiento individual de cada paciente pudiera finalmente inclinar la balanza.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Entropia , Consciência no Peroperatório , Anestesia Balanceada , Anestesia Intravenosa , Propofol , Métodos Epidemiológicos , SevofluranoRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN. La salud, un derecho establecido en la Carta Magna de los países, obliga y garantiza este servicio. Paciente insatisfecho por no acceso o cobertura de medicamentos promueve litigios que vulnera la administración gerencial, su conocimiento, es indispensable. OBJETIVO. Describir el perfil demográfico y epidemiológico de los pacientes y de los casos judicializados por medicamentos no autorizados a prescripción. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio retrospectivo con universo y muestra conocida de 36 pacientes. Criterios de inclusión: todo año de edad y sexo, con proceso judicializado por medicamentos en el Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social, período octubre 2016 a septiembre 2019. Datos obtenidos del Sistema AS400 y áreas administrativas, analizados en los programas Excel y SPSS versión 23.0. RESULTADOS. Predominó el sexo hombre 61,0% (22; 36), Alfa de Cronbach de 07, rango de edad de 3 - 77 años y media de 44. Medicamentos más judicializados: omalizumab 33,3% (12; 36) y atalureno 13,9% (5; 36). Las enfermedades prevalentes: Asma Persistente, Distrofia Muscular y Cáncer de Pulmón predominaron. Vivieron 86,1% (31; 36) pacientes. La instancia judicial por Fiscalía 44,4% (16; 36) fue medida cautelar y ganó el juicio. CONCLUSIÓN. La judicialización fue una opción de los pacientes que garantizó su derecho a la salud ante las enfermedades catastróficas, raras o huérfanas, logró acceso y cobertura de medicamentos no disponibles, ni autorizada su prescripción, ocasionó un costo extrapresupuestario y vulneró la administración gerencial del hospital.
INTRODUCTION. Health, a right established in the Magna Carta of the countries, obliges and guarantees this service. Patient dissatisfied with non-access or medications coverage promotes litigation that violates the management administration, his knowledge is essential. OBJECTIVE. Describe the demographic and epidemiological profile of patients and cases prosecuted for drugs not authorized by prescription. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Retrospective study with universe and known sample of 36 patients. Inclusion criteria: all years of age and sex, with a judicial process for medications at the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialities Hospital of the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute, period October 2016 to September 2019. Data obtained from the AS400 System and administrative areas, analyzed in Excel and SPSS version 23.0 programs. RESULTS. The male sex predominated 61,0% (22; 36), Cronbach's Alpha 07, age range 3 - 77 years and a half of 44. More judicialized medications: omalizumab 33,3% (12; 36) and atalureno 13, 9% (5; 36). The prevalent diseases: Persistent Asthma, Muscular Dystrophy and Lung Cancer predominated. 86,1% (31; 36) patients lived. The judicial instance by the Prosecutor, 44,4% (16; 36) was a precautionary measure and won the trial. CONCLUSION. Judicialization was an option for patients who guaranteed their right to health in the face of catastrophic, rare or orphan diseases, achieved access to and coverage of unavailable medications, or authorized their prescription, caused an extra-budgetary cost and violated the hospital's management administration.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Direitos Civis , Decisões Judiciais , Medicamentos sob Prescrição , Judicialização da Saúde , Direito à Saúde , Legislação de Medicamentos , Previdência Social , Direito Sanitário , Doenças Raras , Omalizumab , Julgamento , Jurisprudência , Neoplasias PulmonaresRESUMO
Introducción: Los bosques montanos tropicales se caracterizan por una alta riqueza y endemismo de briófitos. Sin embargo, la diversidad es altamente sensible a cambios microclimáticos relacionados con alteraciones antrópicas. Objetivo: En este estudio, se evaluó la riqueza y composición de briófitos epífitos en los troncos de árboles de bosques montanos alterados y bosques no alterados ubicados en la ladera occidental del Parque Nacional Volcán Barú. Métodos: Los bosques no alterados mostraron alta humedad, mientras que los bosques alterados mostraron altos niveles de luz y temperatura. En cada árbol evaluamos la presencia y cobertura de briófitos epífitos en 160 cuadrantes de 20 × 30 cm. Resultados: Se registraron un total de 86 especies (49 hepáticas y 37 musgos). La riqueza fue positivamente influenciada por la alteración antrópica, donde los bosques alterados presentaron un mayor número de epífitos de sol. La composición de las comunidades difiere entre los dos tipos de bosques, donde las epífitas de sombra fueron restringidas a bosques no alterados, mientras que las epífitas de sol a zonas alteradas. Conclusiones: Las comunidades de briófitos fueron indicadores efectivos de la alteración de los bosques montanos del Parque Nacional Volcán Barú. Por lo tanto, la conservación de los bosques no alterados garantizará la conservación de una rica y diversa comunidad de briófitos epífitos.
Introduction: Tropical montane forests are characterized by high species richness and endemism of bryophytes. However, this diversity is highly sensitive to microclimatic changes related to anthropogenic disturbance. Objective: In this study, we assessed the richness and composition of epiphytic bryophytes on the trunks of trees in undisturbed and disturbed montane forests on the Western slope of the Baru Volcano National Park. Methods: Undisturbed forests were highly humid, while disturbed forests showed high light levels and temperature. In each tree we measured the presence and cover of epiphytic bryophytes in 160 quadrants of 20 × 30 cm. Results: In total, we recorded 86 species (49 liverworts and 37 mosses). Bryophytes richness was positively influenced by disturbance, with disturbed forests showing a high number of sun epiphytes. Bryophyte community composition was different in each forest type, with shade epiphytes confined to primary forests and sun epiphytes restricted to disturbed sites. Conclusions: Bryophyte communities were effective indicators of montane forests disturbance on the Baru Volcano. Thus, protection of the undisturbed forests remnants might help to preserve a rich and diverse community of epiphytic bryophytes.
Assuntos
Florestas , Briófitas/microbiologia , Fenômenos Ecológicos e Ambientais , Panamá , Análise de Escalonamento MultidimensionalRESUMO
Objetivo: identificar el tipo de vida sexual, la autoeficacia y actitud que tienen los adolescentes sobre las conductas sexuales de riesgo. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, con una población de 225 estudiantes matriculados del Cetís 130 de la Cd. de Valle Hermoso, Tamaulipas, durante el periodo escolar de agosto de 2018. Se aplicó una cedula de datos personales, la escala de autoeficacia para el SIDA y una escala que mide la actitud hacia el uso de los preservativos y planificación sexual. Resultados: la edad de inicio de vida sexual se reportó 16 años, en relación al número de personas con las que han tenido relaciones sexuales los adolescentes, la media fue 1.96 (DE= 1.67). Por otro lado, los adolescentes se percibieron medio seguros de mantener relaciones sexuales con una pareja para toda la vida, con una media de 3.57 (DE= 1.41), en cuanto a las conductas sexuales de riesgo mencionan estar nada de acuerdo en preferir arriesgarse a contraer alguna enfermedad, a no tener relaciones sexuales con 1.47 (DE= 1.18). Conclusión: los adolescentes reconocen las conductas sexuales de riesgo, pero se presenta como una población vulnerable debido al inicio precoz de su vida sexual.
Objective: to identify the kind of sexual life, the self-efficacy and attitude that adolescents have about risky sexual behaviors. Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a population of 225 students enrolled in Cetís 130 of the Valle Hermoso City, Tamaulipas, during the August 2018 school period. A personal data card, the self-efficacy scale for AIDS and a scale that measures the attitude towards condom use and sexual planning were applied. Results: the age of onset of sexual life was of 16 years; in relation to the number of people with whom adolescents had sex, the average was 1.96 (SD= 1.67). On the other hand, adolescents were perceived as sure of having sexual relations with a partner for a lifetime, with an average of 3.57 (SD= 1.41), As for risky sexual behaviors, they mention not agreeing to risk a disease rather than having sex, with 1.47 (SD= 1.18). Conclusion: adolescents recognize risky sexual behaviors, but it presents itself as a vulnerable population due to the early onset of their sexual life.
Objetivo: identificar o tipo de vida sexual, a autoeficácia e atitude que têm os adolescentes sobre comportamentos sexuais de risco. Método: estudo descritivo e transversal, com população de 225 estudantes matriculados no Cetís 130 da cidade de Valle Hermoso, Tamaulipas, durante o período escolar de agosto de 2018. Aplicou-se um questionário de dados pessoais, a escala de autoeficácia para a AIDS e uma escala que mede a atitude em relação ao uso do preservativo e planejamento sexual. Resultados: a idade de início da vida sexual foi de 16 anos, em relação ao número de pessoas com as quais os adolescentes tiveram relações sexuais, a média foi de 1,96 (DP= 1,67). Por outro lado, os adolescentes estavam seguros em manter relações sexuais com uma parceira por toda a vida, com uma média de 3,57 (DP= 1,41), enquanto as condutas sexuais de risco mencionam não estarem de acordo em arriscar-se a contrair enfermidade, a não ter relações sexuais, com 47 (DP= 1,18). Conclusão: os adolescentes reconhecem as condutas sexuais de risco, mas se apresentam como uma população vulnerável, devido ao início precoce de sua vida sexual.