RESUMO
Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and high blood pressure are the main causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adulthood. Both metabolic and oxidative stresses driven by hyperglycemia as well as genetic factors have been suggested as pathogenic causes of renal failure. Some single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on gene coding KLOTHO (KL) have been implicated in several clinical scenarios including hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of rs1207568 (-395G > A), rs953614 (+ 1062T > G) and rs564481 (+ 1818 C > T) SNVs with metabolic and renal function parameters in Mexican patients living with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 637 Mexican patients with T2D, and/or hypertension without previous diagnosis of CKD. Anthropometric, metabolic, and renal function parameters were determined. Patients were genotyped for rs1207568, rs953614 and rs564481 SNVs and associations under a dominant genetic model were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: For rs9536314, G-allele showed to be protective for hypo-HDL-C, albuminuria, and CKD. Carriers of minor allele of rs564481 had low odds for high glucose levels. No differences in genotype nor allele frequencies between the patients and the reference population were observed. Conclusion: In Mexican patients living with type 2 diabetes, KL variant rs9536314 was found associated with low odds of hypo-HDL cholesterol, albuminuria and presence of CKD. Meanwhile the consensus of soluble KLOTHO measurement is reached, genetic variants in the KL gene could be considered as genetic markers for CKD susceptibility in patients at high-risk of vascular complications.
RESUMO
During the early stages of the development of the living multiorgan systems, genome modifications other than sequence variation occur that guide cell differentiation and organogenesis. These modifications are known to operate as a fetal programming code during this period, and recent research indicates that there are some tissue-specific codes in organogenesis whose effects may persist after birth until adulthood. Consequently, the events that disrupt the pre-established epigenetic pattern could induce shifts in organ physiology, with implications on health from birth or later in adult life. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide; its etiology is multifactorial, but diabetes, obesity, and hypertension are the main causes of CKD in adults, although there are other risk factors that are mainly associated with an individual's lifestyle. Recent studies suggest that fetal reprogramming in the developing kidney could be implicated in the susceptibility to kidney disease in both childhood and adulthood. Some epigenetic modifications, such as genome methylation status, dysregulation of miRNA, and histone coding alterations in genes related to the regulation of the renin-angiotensin axis, a common denominator in CKD, may have originated during fetal development. This review focuses on epigenetic changes during nephrogenesis and their repercussions on kidney health and disease. In addition, the focus is on the influence of environmental factors during pregnancy, such as maternal metabolic diseases and dietary and metabolic conditions, as well as some sex differences in fetal kidney reprogramming during which dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system is involved.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/genética , Caracteres Sexuais , Rim , ReninaRESUMO
We present the case of a 38-year-old man who eighteen years before for having chest pain went diagnosed as hydatid cyst. It was confirmed in multislice spiral tomography (TEM) that it had a heterogeneous mass of liquid content, with partially calcified walls located in the anterior mediastinum. It was removed, being the diagnosis, by the presence of groups of acinar cells and ducts with pancreatic appearance, panqueratin and CD68 positive, of a mediastinal ectopic pancreas. A case has never been reported in Peru and in medical literature it would be the thirty-first reported case of intrathoracic ectopic pancreas.
Assuntos
Coristoma/diagnóstico , Doenças do Mediastino/diagnóstico , Pâncreas , Adulto , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
RESUMEN Presentamos el caso de un varón de 38 años a quien por presentar dolor torácico se le hizo dieciocho años antes el diagnóstico de quiste hidatídico. Se confirmó en la tomografía espiral multicorte (TEM) que tenía una masa heterogénea de contenido líquido, con paredes parcialmente calcificadas localizada en el mediastino anterior. Se la extirpó, siendo el diagnóstico, por la presencia de grupos de células acinares y de conductos con apariencia pancreática, panqueratina y CD68 positivos, de un páncreas ectópico mediastinal. Nunca se ha reportado un caso en el Perú y en la literatura médica éste sería el trigésimo primer caso reportado de páncreas ectópico intratorácico.
ABSTRACT We present the case of a 38-year-old man who eighteen years before for having chest pain went diagnosed as hydatid cyst. It was confirmed in multislice spiral tomography (TEM) that it had a heterogeneous mass of liquid content, with partially calcified walls located in the anterior mediastinum. It was removed, being the diagnosis, by the presence of groups of acinar cells and ducts with pancreatic appearance, panqueratin and CD68 positive, of a mediastinal ectopic pancreas. A case has never been reported in Peru and in medical literature it would be the thirty-first reported case of intrathoracic ectopic pancreas.
RESUMO
In this work, the desorption of furfural, which is a competitive intermediate during the production of biofuel and valuable aromatic compounds, was studied using pure alumina, as well as alumina impregnated with iron and platinum oxides both individually and in combination, using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The bimetallic sample exhibited the lowest desorption percentage for furfural. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging revealed the intimate connection between the iron and platinum oxide species on the alumina support. The mechanism of furfural desorption from the Pt-Fe/Al2O3 0.5%-0.5% sample was determined using physisorbed furfural instead of chemisorbed furfural; this mechanism involved the oxidation of the C=O group on furfural by the catalyst. The oxide nanoparticles on γ-Al2O3 support helped to stabilize the furfural molecule on the surface.
RESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar la Retención, Efectividad, Cobertura y Reacción sensitiva al Tratamiento Restaurativo Atraumático Modificado, utilizando Ketac™ Molar 3MM ESPE y Fuji IX. Metodología: El diseño corresponde a un Ensayo Clínico Aleatorizado, triple ciego. La muestra fueron 49 escolares de 7 a 8 años del área rural de los Municipios de Jutiapa y Ciudad Victoria en el departamento de Cabañas; se conformaron dos grupos A (n24) empleando Ketac Molar y B (n25) utilizando Fuji IX. Los diferentes datos se procesaron en una hoja diseñada en el programa Excel, se resumieron con estadísticos descriptivos, se analizaron con test de significación e inferencia estadística empleando el software SPSS v.18. Resultados: No existe diferencia significativa en los tiempos promedios de cada tratamiento según marca de cemento de Ionómero de Vidrio utilizada, (P ="0.093") además que existe diferencia significativa en lo referente a retención y efectividad entre las marcas de cemento de ionómero de vidrio posterior a 3 y 6 meses de realizados, (3 meses P ="0.000"), (6 meses P ="0.006"). Conclusiones: El TRAM produce mínima ansiedad y reacción sensitiva durante y posterior al tratamiento.
Objective: To determine the Retention, Effectiveness, Coverage and Sensitive Reaction to the Modified Atraumatic Restorative Treatment, using Ketac ™ Molar 3MM ESPE and Fuji IX. Methodology: The design corresponds to a Randomized Clinical Trial, triple blind. The sample consisted of 49 schoolchildren aged 7 to 8 from the rural area of ââthe Municipalities of Jutiapa and Ciudad Victoria in the department of Cabañas; two groups A (n24) were formed using Ketac Molar and B (n25) using Fuji IX. The different data were processed in a sheet designed in the Excel program, they were summarized with descriptive statistics, they were analyzed with a significance test and statistical inference using the SPSS v.18 software. Results: There is no significant difference in the average times of each treatment according to the Glass Ionomer cement brand used, (P = "0.093"), in addition there is a significant difference in terms of retention and effectiveness between the glass ionomer cement brands. glass after 3 and 6 months after being made, (3 months P = "0.000"), (6 months P = "0.006"). Conclusions: TRAM produces minimal anxiety and sensitive reaction during and after treatment.
Assuntos
Tratamento Dentário Restaurador sem Trauma , Criança , El Salvador , Cimentos de Ionômeros de VidroRESUMO
Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de hemoparásitos en los bovinos evaluados por microscopía directa. Materiales y métodos. Se aplicó un modelo epidemiológico cuyo diseño de investigación fue transeccional de tipo descriptivo retrospectivo transversal. Se analizó la totalidad de los datos de los últimos 5 años, proporcionados por el laboratorio Lavebac que presta su servicio a las regiones del Bajo Cauca Antioqueño y Córdoba. Se realizó un análisis de tendencias por el tipo de parásito, sistema de explotación, procedencia y época climática; seguido de un análisis comparativo de asociación utilizando la razón de disparidad (RD) y el X², mediante el programa EPI-INFO versión 3.3. Resultados. Se encontró una frecuencia hemoparasitaria del 22.5%, y de estos el 59.3% correspondió a Anaplasma sp, el 3.1% a Babesia sp y para Trypanosoma sp 30.9%. La región con mayor frecuencia hemoparasitaria fue Bajo Cauca (14%); los diagnósticos positivos fueron realizados con mayor frecuencia en época seca (14.9%), en la que se detectó mayor proporción de infección por Anaplasma sp. Conclusiones. Los resultados dan una aproximación a la frecuencia y distribución de Trypanosoma sp, Babesia sp y Anaplasma sp en dos zonas ganaderas de Colombia, en donde durante la época seca se encontró un mayor porcentaje de infección, y de los agentes hemoparasitarios Anaplasma sp es el más frecuente.
Objective. To determine the frequency of hemoparasites in bovines evaluated by direct microscopy. Materials and methods. A descriptive retrospective cross study was carried out. All the data of the last 5 years from the Lavebac laboratory was analyzed. This laboratory offers its services in the Cauca-Medio Antioqueño and the Department of Cordoba. A frequency analysis was conducted, taking into consideration the type of parasite, the type of cattle operation, origin and season. Comparative analyses using odds ratios were conducted using EPIINFO, version 3.3. Results. The frequency of hemoparasitism was 22.5%. Of these 59.3% of parasites were Anaplasma sp, 3.1% were Babesia sp and 30.9% were Trypanosoma sp. The positive diagnostics occurred more frequently in the dry season (14.9%) in which a higher frequency of infection by Anaplasma sp. was detected. Conclusions. These results allow an approximation to the frequency and distribution of Trypanosoma sp, Babesia sp and Anaplasma sp in two cattle raising regions of Colombia. A higher percentage of hemoparasite infection was found during the dry season, and Anaplasma sp was the most frequent of parasite.
Assuntos
Epidemiologia , Anaplasma , Babesia , Colômbia , TrypanosomaRESUMO
Se evaluó la prevalencia de carencia de vitamin A en una muestra representativa de la población infantil de 12 a 59 meses de edad de Panamá. Como indicadores se emplearon las concentraciones séricas de retinol y el consumo de vitamin A procedente de la dieta. La mediana de la concentración sérica estimada fue 1,27+0,42 umol/L (38 ug/dL). El 6,0 porciento de los integrantes de la muestra del estudio que proporcionaron muestras de sangre apropiadas tenían concentraciones menores de 0,7 umol/L (20 ug/dL), indicativas de una dieta insuficiente en vitamina A. En la zona metropolitana de la Ciudad de Panamá y la región occidental del país se registraron las mayores prevalencias de bajas concentraciones de retinol (menores de 0,7 umol/L en 9 y 6 porciento de los niños del estudio, respectivamente), en comparación con la prevalencia global de 5 porciento registrada en las otras dos regiones estudiadas. Las bajas concentraciones séricas de retinol predominaron en la población indígena (indios guaymíes) (13 frente a 5 porciento en el resto de la población). La información sobre la dieta proporcionada a los niños del estudio por sus madres mostró que el alto riesgo de consumo defiente de vitamina A remedaba el perfil de las bajas concentraciones séricas de retinol; en particular, la máxima prevalencia de consumo inadecuado en la alimentación se observó en la región occidental, sobre todo en los grupos indígenas, En la actualidad, el Gobierno de Panamá ha aumentado la distribución de cápsulas de altas dosis de vitamina A a los niños indigenas en edad preescolar de la provincia de Chiriquí
Se publica en inglés en el Bull. PAHO. Vol. 30(1), 1996
Assuntos
Deficiência de Vitamina A , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Etnicidade , PanamáRESUMO
The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in a nationally representative sample of children 12-59 months old in Panama was assessed using serum retinol levels and dietary indicators. The median serum retinol level found was 1.27 + 0.42 umol/L (38ug/dL); 6.0 percent of the study sample providing adequate blood specimens had levels below 0.7 umol/L (20ug/dL), indicating deficient vitamin A intake. The Panama City Metropolitan Area and the country's western region had the highest prevalences of low serum retinol levels (below 0.7 umol/L in 9 percent and 6 percent of the study children, respectively), as compared to overall prevalences of 5 percent in the two other regions studied. Low serum retinol levels were significantly more prevalent among Indians in the study group (primarily Guaymí Indians) than among non-Indians (13 percent versus 5 percent). Dietary information provided by the study children's mothers showed that high risk of inadequate dietary vitamin A intake closely paralleled low serum retinol levels; specifically, the highest prevalence of dietary inadequacy was found in the western region, especially among the Indians. The Panamanian Government is currently increasing distribution of high-dose vitamin A capsules to Indian preschoolers in Chiriquí and Bocas del Toro Provinces (AU)
This article will also be published in Spanish in the Bol. Oficina Sanit. Panam. Vol. 120(4), 1996
Assuntos
Deficiência de Vitamina A , Estado Nutricional , Etnicidade , PanamáRESUMO
Guaymi Indian children have recenthy beem identified as a population group who are risk for vitamin A deficiency with numerous cases of xerophthalmia with ocular perforation being reported. A fourday parasitological and nutritional clinic based survey was conducted with 335 Guaymi women and children in the towns of San Félix and Alto Caballero to identify the prevalence of parasitic infections and factors associated with malnutrition. A subsample of 79 children, under 19 years of age, from independent families was constructed for the curret analysis. The results of the study indicated that 20% of the children had a plasma vitamin A concentration less than 20 *g/dl. Significant associations were identified between ascariasis, age, a food diversity score and vitamin A concentrations. Other indicators of nutritional status were also negatively associated with intestinal parasitic infections, and a modernization index, using multivariate regression analysis. In conclusion, this study identified several factors associated with poor nutritional status that can be used by health officers to identify Guaymi children at risk for malnutrition
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Enteropatias Parasitárias , Distúrbios Nutricionais , Deficiência de Vitamina A , XeroftalmiaRESUMO
Se estudiaron en 31 pacientes diabéticos no insulinodependientes con macroangiopatía de la pierna y/o el pie niveles sanguíneos de colesterol total, HDL-colesterol, triglicéridos, peróxidos lípidicos y vitamina E, mientras que en el eritrocito se determinaron las concentraciones de colesterol, fosfolípidos, peróxidos lipidicos y vitamina E; se encontraron en los eritrocitos de los diabéticos niveles elevados de peróxidos lipidicos (p<0,001) y de la relación colesterol/fosfolípidos (p<0,01) así como niveles disminuidos de vitamina E (p<0,001). En los parámetros lipídicos estudiados en la circulación sanguínea lo más significativo fue un aumento en la concentración de peróxidos lipídicos (p<0,01). Al correlacionarse entre sí las variables bioquímicas estudiadas en los eritrocitos se encontró una correlación negativa entre los niveles de vitamina E y el colesterol (r=0,58; p<0,05)
Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Angiopatias Diabéticas/sangue , Colesterol , Fosfolipídeos/sangue , Peróxidos Lipídicos/sangue , Vitamina E/sangueRESUMO
Objetivo: Evaluación del tratamiento combinado de Radioterapia (Rt) Quimioterapia (Qt) en el Carcinima Epidermoide del Ano (CEA). Diseño: Analisis retrospectivo de una serie de casos durante tres años. Lugar: Servicios de Radioterapia y Oncología Médica en Centro oncológico de referencia nacional. Pacientes: 22 pacientes (ptes) con CEA Intervenciones: Rt externa 6.000 cGy dirigidos a pelvis y periné y Qt con 5-Fluoracilo 1.000 mg/m2 día por 4 días y Mitomicin C 10-15 mg/m2 día 1, por 2 ciclos los días 1 y 29; iniciados en forma simultánea. Seguimiento por clínica, endoscopia e histología. Mediciones: Calculo del promedio (X+/-DE) de la sobrevida (SG) y libre de enfermedades (SLE) con 95% IC para muestras pequeñas con n-1 grados de libertad, sobrevida a los 3 años por el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Se evaluaron 22 ptes. presentandose los resultados de 16. Edad promedio 51 años. Dosis Rt recibida 4.100-6.000 cGy, dosis día 180-250 cGy, Qt recibida 14 ptes, 2 ciclos, 2 ptes 1 ciclo. SG a los 3 años 76% promedio de seguimiento desde el inicio del tratamiento 18,6 meses 95% IC 12,2 a 25 meses, 8 ptes (50%) sin evidencia de enfermedad promedio 26,3 meses 95% IC 17,8 a 34,8 meses, 1 pte con evidencia de enfermedad. RC al término de la Rt 43% de los ptes evaluados. Complicaciones de la Qt: leucopenia en 2 ptes que retrasó el tratamiento 7 y 30 días respectivamente; Rt diarrea en todos los pacientes radio-dermatitis leve en 8 casos, moderada en 7 casos, severa en 1 caso, rectitis actínica 3 ptes..
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Ânus/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Ânus/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapiaRESUMO
Se desarrolla un método para la valoración del valproato de sodio, mediante extracción del principio activo con alcohol etílico, y se determina el recuperado gravimétricamente. Además se valora el residuo por anhidrovolumetría visual con ácido perclórico 0,1 N, en medio de ácido acético, como una base monoácida. Se comprueba que la gravimetría está influenciada en el + 2 % por la presencia de excipiente extraíble con el solvente utilizado. En la valoración anhidrovolumétrica no hay interferencia de los excipientes. Igualmente se comprueba que utilizando la cromatografía de gas los resultados obtenidos en la determinación del contenido de ácido valproico son similares a los obtenidos por volumetría, y al ser la cromatografía de gas un método específico se puede recomendar el método volumétrico para el control sistemático de las tabletas de valproato de sodio