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BACKGROUND: Nutritional status, health risk behaviors, eating habits, and other comorbidities (such as diabetes) may be associated with recommended amounts of physical activity (PA) and exercise (EX) in healthy older adults. However, these associations are still unclear for older hypertensive adults, who require greater care from health professionals. The purpose of this study was to associate the nutritional status, health risk behaviors, eating habits, and the presence of diabetes with recommended amounts of physical activity and exercise practice of older hypertensive adults. METHODS: Ten thousand seven hundred eighty-nine older hypertensive adults (70.9 ± 7.4 years) from the VIGITEL telephone survey were classified according to PA levels (insufficiently active/sufficiently active) and EX practice (non-practitioners/practitioners). Binary logistic regression was used to observe the odds ratio (OR) between independent variables (nutritional status [body mass index], sociodemographic characteristics [age/sex/years of study], risk behaviors [screen time/alcohol/tobacco consumption], eating habits [minimally/ultra-processed foods consumption score], and the presence of diabetes) with recommended amounts of PA/EX (dependent variable). RESULTS: Highest nutritional status (ORPA = 0.975 [95%-CI: 0.965 - 0.985]; OREX = 0.981[95%-CI: 0.972 - 0.991]), age (ORPA = 0.955 [95%-CI: 0.949 - 0.961]; OREX = 0.980[95%-CI: 0.975 - 0.986]), screen time (ORPA = 0.909[95%-CI: 0.835 - 0.990]), alcohol consumption (ORPA = 0.683[95%-CI: 0.621 - 0.758]; OREX = 0.702[95%-CI: 0.637 - 0.779]), tobacco (ORPA = 0.601 [95%-CI: 0.492 - 0.736]; OREX = 0.464[95%-CI: 0.384 - 0.562]) ultra-processed foods consumption score (ORPA = 0.896[95%-CI: 0.871 - 0.921]; OREX = 0.886[95%-CI: 0.863 - 0.909]) and having diabetes (ORPA = 0.780[95%-CI: 0.708 - 0.859]; OREX = 0.831[95%-CI: 0.759 - 0.909]) reduced the odds of being sufficiently active/practicing exercise (p < 0.05). Male sex (ORPA = 1.633[95%-CI: 1.491 - 1.789]; OREX = 1.247[95%-CI: 1.140 - 1.363]), years of study (ORPA = 1.026[95%-CI: 1.018 - 1.035]; OREX = 1.050[95%-CI: 1.041 - 1.058]), and minimally processed foods consumption score increased the odds of being sufficiently active/practicing exercise (ORPA = 1.132[95%-CI: 1.109 - 1.155]; OREX = 1.167[95%-CI: 1.145 - 1.191], respectively; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Nutritional status, health risk behaviors, eating habits, and the presence of diabetes were associated with the odds of older hypertensive adults complying with PA and EX recommendations. The results may help health professionals understand how these factors are associated with the changes of older hypertensive adults participating in physical activity and exercise.

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Objective: To test the cross-validation of anthropometric prediction equations for appendicular muscle mass (AMM) in older Brazilian women. Methods: Sixty-seven older women (69.84 ± 5.95 years old) underwent anthropometric measurements. AMM (kg) reference values obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (AMMDXA) were compared to 20 anthropometric equations for estimating AMM in older adults. A paired t-test (p > 0.05), standard error of estimate (SEE < 3.50 kg), and r2 > 0.70 confirmed the validity of the equations. The agreement between predictions and the reference was also verified (Bland-Altman analysis of agreement between methods). Results: Four American equations and one Mexican equation were not statistically different from AMMDXA (p > 0.05) but did not present suitable r2 values for validation. The American equation from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), AMM (kg) = (-0.04 × age [years]) + (0.46 × calf circumference [cm]) + (0.32 × arm circumference [cm]) + (0.11 × thigh circumference [cm]) ­ (0.27 × body mass index [BMI, kg/m2 ]) + (0.07 × waist circumference [cm]) ­ 13 119 showed the best performance (r2 = 0.64; SEE = 3.24 kg), with minimal mean difference (0.26 kg), no heteroscedasticity for extreme values, and with high agreement with the Brazilian sample (-3.90 to 3.40 kg). Conclusion: When specific equations for a given population are not available, the use of generic equations of greater sample representativeness with scientifically and reliably analyzed data is allowed.

Objetivo: Testar a validação cruzada das equações antropométricas preditivas da massa muscular apendicular (MMA) em idosas brasileiras. Metodologia: Sessenta e sete idosas (69,84 ± 5,95 anos) foram submetidas a medidas antropométricas. Os valores de referência da MMA (kg) fornecida pela absorciometria de raios X de dupla energia (MMADXA) foi comparada com 20 equações antropométricas preditivas para estimar a MMA para idosos. Teste t pareado (p > 0,05), erro padrão de estimativa (EPE) < 3,50 kg e r2 > 0,70 confirmaram a validade das equações. A concordância entre as previsões e a referência também foi verificada (análise de concordância entre métodos de Bland-Altman). Resultados: Quatro equações americanas e uma equação mexicana não foram estatisticamente diferentes da MMADXA (p > 0,05), mas nenhuma delas apresentou r2 adequado para validação. A equação americana dos dados do National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), MMA (kg) = (-0,04 × idade [anos]) + (0,46 × circunferência da panturrilha [cm]) + (0,32 × circunferência do braço [cm]) + (0,11 × circunferência da coxa [cm]) ­ (0,27 × índice de massa corporal-IMC [kg/m2 ]) + (0,07 × circunferência da cintura [cm]) ­ 13,12 apresentou o melhor desempenho (r2 = 0,64; EPE = 3,24 kg): com diferença média mínima (0,26 kg), sem heterocedasticidade para valores extremos e alta concordância com a amostra brasileira (-3,90 a 3,40 kg). Conclusão: Quando não existem equações específicas para uma determinada população, é permitida a utilização de equações genéricas de maior representatividade amostral, cujos dados tenham sido analisados de forma científica e confiável

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Reduced levels of children's physical activity (PA) and fundamental motor skills (FMS) along with increased sedentary behaviors have been observed in recent years. Yet, associations between these variables are not yet well established. This study aimed to observe the associations between FMS, PA and sedentary time in elementary school children. We evaluated 148 children (70 boys; Mage = 8.7, SD = 1.4 years old) from a private school using the Test of Gross Motor Development - Second Edition (TGMD-2) to measure FMS and examine locomotor, object control, and gross motor skills. We used accelerometry to measure PA performed on weekdays, weekends and total PA. We used descriptive statistics, partial correlations controlling for sex and age, and linear regression adjusted for sex and equivalent motor age to explain the relationships. Total moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) (ß: 0.153; p = .009) and weekend MVPA (ß: 0.171; p = .003) were significantly associated with FMS, regardless of gender and equivalent motor age. Sedentary time was not significantly associated with FMS (p = .065). Girls and boys who met PA recommendations (≥60 minutes/day of moderate to vigorous PA) had higher frequencies of high ratings on the TGMD-2 (p < .001 e p = .001, respectively). MVPA was associated with children's FMS development, possibly affecting the quality of movement performed in children's daily lives.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi classificar e comparar as habilidades motoras fundamentais de crianças de escolas públicas e privadas e verificar a compatibilidade das habilidades motoras fundamentais com a idade cronológica dos alunos. Os participantes foram 81 crianças saudáveis (10.6 ± 1.2 anos). O Test of Gross Motor Development - edition 2 foi usado para avaliar a habilidades motoras fundamentais. Os subtestes de habilidades motoras fundamentais foram comparados entre as escolas, usando o teste t para amostras independentes e o teste U de Mann Whitney. A idade cronológica foi comparada com a idade motora equivalente nos dois subtestes para cada escola separadamente, usando o teste estatístico de Wilcoxon. Alunos de escolas privadas obtiveram pontuação maior no subteste locomotor do que alunos de escolas públicas (p = 0.032), sem diferença no subteste controle de objetos (p = 0.733). O Quociente Motor Bruto indicou que os alunos de ambas as escolas apresentaram classificações de desempenho semelhantes classificadas como "muito ruim", "ruim" e "abaixo da média". Para os subtestes locomotor e controle de objetos, todos os escolares apresentaram idade motora equivalente menor que a cronológica. Alunos de ambas escolas apresentaram atraso no desenvolvimento motor, enquanto alunos de escolas privadas demonstraram maior eficiência nas habilidades motoras fundamentais de locomoção.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to classify and compare the fundamental motor skills of children from public and private schools and verify the compatibility of fundamental motor skills with students' chronological age. Participants were 81 healthy children (10.6±1.2 years). The Test of Gross Motor Development - edition 2was used to evaluate fundamental motor skills. Fundamental motor skills subtests were compared among schools, using the independent samples t-test and Mann Whitney U-test. Chronological age was compared with equivalent motor age in the two subtests for each school separately, using the Wilcoxon statistical test. Private school students had a higher score on the locomotor subtest than public school students (p=.032), with no difference on the object control subtest (p=.733). The Gross Motor Quotient indicated that the students of both schools presented similar performance ratings classified as "very poor", "poor" and "below average". For the locomotor and object control subtests, all schoolchildren had equivalent motor ages lower than their chronological age. Students from both schools had a delay in motor development, while private school students demonstrated greater efficiency in locomotor fundamental motor skills.(AU)

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Background: In the pubertal period, each part of the body grows at different rates. This makes the relationship between the parts nonlinear. Particularly, the fat mass (FM) of boys tends to decrease, further exacerbating the issue of linearity in growth.Aim: To propose predictive models of FM from skinfolds (SF) adjusted allometrically.Subjects and methods: 75 pubertal boys (14.4 ± 0.9 years) composed the sample by self-selected pubic hair. FM was determined by DXA (FMDXA) (kg), stature (cm), body mass (kg) and nine SF (mm) by anthropometric measurements. The SF were individually adjusted allometrically. FMDXA (Y) values and each anthropometric independent variable-IV (X) underwent logarithmic transformation. Linear regressions were used. The significance of the prediction of the FMDXA of each model (ANOVA) and the concordance analysis (Bland-Altman) were performed.Results: Predictive allometric models of FMDXA showed high determination coefficients (r2) and reduced standard errors of estimation (SEE). The adjusted model involved reduced agreement limits, demonstrating its accuracy.Conclusions: It was possible to propose models with allometric adjustments to estimate FM of pubertal boys. Allometry may aid in the development of predictive linear models of body composition, since it has an indicative capacity of the variables for estimation.

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To identify the teaching approaches preferred by Brazilian coaches in the U-16 and U-18 women's teams and whether it is possible to apply long-term goals for handball training. Methods: Six experienced coaches were interviewed individually in a semi-structured format. Data were transcribed and analyzed according to the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) method. Results: Coaches revealed a choice for the situational approach and global-functional approach in U-16 teams. In U-18 teams, coaches' choices were for the technique and situational approaches. The change of coaches' choice might be based on players' specialization, suggested to U-18 teams when coaches highlighted the increased demand for performance. On players' transition from U-16 to U-18 teams, the coaches showed less preference for the global-functional approach and increasing evidence of the technique approach. Conclusion: Global-functional and situational approaches should be given a prominent position in these teams, especially due to the development of technical-tactical aspects. However, the technical approach was recognized as a central position in U-18 teams, probably related to players' specialization and technical improvement, although it does not offer a rich environment for the development of players' decision making.(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Anthropometric models remain appropriate alternatives to estimate body composition of peripubertal populations. However, these traditional models do not consider other body components that undergo major changes during peripubertal growth spurt, with restrictions to a multicompartimental approach as a quantitative growth. DXA has great potential to determine pediatric body composition in more than one component (3-C), but has limited use in field settings. Thus, the aim of this study was to propose and validate an anthropometric model for simultaneous estimation of lean soft tissue (LST), bone mineral content (BMC) and fat mass (FM) in healthy girls, from a multivariate approach of densitometric technique, as the criterion method. METHODS: A sample of 84 Brazilian girls (7-17 years) was defined by chronological age and maturity offset. Whole total and regional DXA body scan were performed and, the components were defined (LST, BMC and FM) and considered as dependent variables. Twenty-one anthropometric measures were recorded as independent variables. From a multivariate regression, an anthropometric multicompartmental model was obtained. RESULTS: It was possible to predict DXA body components with only four predictive measurements: body weight (BW); supra-iliac skinfold (SiSk); horizontal abdominal skinfold (HaSk) and contracted arm circumference (CaCi) with high coefficients of determination and low estimation errors (LST = 0.6662657 BW - 0. 2157279 SiSk - 0.2069373 HaSk + 0.3411678 CaCi - 1.8504187; BMC = 0.0222185 BW - 0.1001097 SiSk - 0.0064539 HaSk - 0.0084785 CaCi + 0.3733974 and FM = 0.3645630 BW + 0.1000325 SiSk - 0.2888978 HaSk - 0.4752146 CaCi + 2.8461916). The cross-validation was confirmed through the sum of squares of residuals (PRESS) method, presenting accurate coefficients (Q2PRESS from 0.81 to 0.93) and reduced error reliability (SPRESS from 0.01 to 0.30). CONCLUSIONS: When sophisticated instruments are not available, this model provides valid estimates of multicompartmental body composition of girls in healthy Brazilian pediatric populations.