RESUMO
Chronic liver injury leads to advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Genetical cell treatment related to the use of adenovirus (Ads) has proven to be beneficial and efficient in the recovery of hepatic diseases. Nevertheless, they are highly immunogenic and trigger an immune response where interferons type 1 (IFN-I) play a very important role. Three shRNAs against the Interferon-1 receptor (IFNAR1) were designed and cloned in pENTR/U6 plasmid and amplified in DH5α cells. Huh7 cells were transfected with these plasmids in the presence or absence of 1 × 109 viral particles/ml of adenovirus containing the green fluorescent protein gene used as a reporter. Transfection with the shRNA plasmids partially inhibited the IFNAR1 expression. This inhibition substantially decreased antiviral response, demonstrated by the decrease of IFNAR1, IFN-α, and TNF-α gene expression, and the decrease at protein levels of IFNAR1, Protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR), and phosphorylated STAT1, allowing higher adenoviral transduction and transgene expression. Interestingly it was seen shRNA inhibited macrophage activation. These results suggest that the inhibition of the IFN-I pathway could be a strategy to minimize the immune response against Adenoviral vectors allowing higher Adenovirus transduction extending the transgene expression.
Assuntos
Adenoviridae , Receptor de Interferon alfa e beta , Adenoviridae/genética , Adenoviridae/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Receptor de Interferon alfa e beta/genética , Receptor de Interferon alfa e beta/metabolismo , TransgenesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Variants of 8q24 locus have been associated with prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility. This study aims to analyze the genetic basis of PCa susceptibility in Mexican men by analyzing SNPs in the 8q24 locus for the first time. METHODS: A case-control study was performed in 875 men recruited from the Mexican Social Security Institute, 326 patients with PCa, and 549 non-PCa patients (88 with benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH and 461 healthy controls). The 8q24 locus SNPs: rs16901979, rs16983267, rs1447295, and rs7837328 were genotyped by allelic discrimination assays using TaqMan probes. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info statistical 7.0 and SNPstats softwares. RESULTS: All genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. No differences were observed in genotype distribution between PCa and non-PCa patients for rs6983267. Under different inheritance models, the rs16901979, rs1447295, and rs7837328 SNPs were associated with PCa (OR = 2.8, 1.8, and 1.72, respectively; Pc < 0.001) when comparing PCa patients against controls. This association remains between PCa and BPH patients under different models (OR = 8.5, 2.2, and 1.9, respectively; Pc < 0.001). There were no significant differences in allele and genotype distribution among BPH patients and controls. The combined effect of the alleles CGAA for the SNPs rs16901979, rs6983267, rs1447295, and rs7837328 showed significant differences between PCa patients and controls (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.48-5.83, Pc = 0.008). Four 8q24 variants were not associated with D'Amico score, age at diagnosis, and bone metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides the first confirmation that variants rs16901979, rs1447295, and 7837328 at 8q24 locus are associated with PCa susceptibility in Mexican men.
Assuntos
Hiperplasia Prostática , Neoplasias da Próstata , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cromossomos Humanos Par 8/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Hiperplasia Prostática/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologiaRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Describir características demográficas y tratamiento quirúrgico realizado a pacientes con fractura de esternón (FE) en los últimos 5 años. Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de pacientes operados por fractura esternal entre enero de 2015 y enero de 2020. Se analizaron edad, sexo, antecedentes mórbidos, hemodinamia de ingreso, mecanismo causal, características de lesión esternal, lesiones asociadas, indicación quirúrgica y complicaciones. Resultados: Durante el período ingresaron a nuestro hospital 9 pacientes (7 hombres) de 21 a 91 años. Todos fueron operados. La mayoría ingresó con hemodinamia estable. El mecanismo fue siempre traumático. Las indicaciones quirúrgicas fueron: dolor intratable, alteración de la mecánica ventilatoria, tórax volante, deformidad y ayuda en la rehabilitación de un trauma raquimedular. Discusión: La FE es una patología infrecuente, siendo aún más escasa su resolución quirúrgica reportada a nivel mundial. Conclusiones: Presentamos el primer reporte de una serie de casos de FE operada en Chile. La osteosíntesis esternal permite el manejo de la FE con buenos resultados funcionales con baja tasa de morbilidad. Los resultados obtenidos son comparables a los observados en la literatura internacional.
Aim: To describe demographic characteristics and surgical treatment carried out on patients with a sternal fracture (SF) in the last 5 years. Materials and Method: Retrospective descriptive study of patients operated on for SF between January 2015 and January 2020. We analyzed age, sex, morbid history, hemodynamics on admission, causal mechanism and characteristics of sternal injury, associated injuries, surgical indication and complications. Results: During the period, 9 patients were admitted to our hospital (7 men) from 21 to 91 years old. All were operated. Most were admitted with stable hemodynamics. The mechanism was always traumatic. The surgical indications were: intractable pain, alteration of ventilatory mechanics, flail chest, deformity and aid in the rehabilitation of spinal cord trauma. Discussion: SF is an infrequent pathology, its surgical resolution reported worldwide being even scarce. Conclusions: We present the first report of a series of cases of SF operated in Chile. Sternal osteosynthesis allows the management of EF with good functional results with a low morbidity rate. The results obtained are comparable to those observed in the international literature.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Esterno/cirurgia , Esterno/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia Torácica , Demografia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of protease inhibitor (PI)-based dual therapy on CD4/CD8 ratio during the first year of therapy in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients using data from randomized controlled clinical trials. METHODS: We pooled data from the GARDEL and ANDES studies, both randomized controlled clinical trials that recruited ART-naïve people living with HIV and randomly assigned them to receive PI-based dual therapy (DT) or triple therapy (TT) aiming to compare viral efficacy. We compared median CD4/CD8 ratios and the proportion of patients with CD4/CD8 ratio > 1 at 48 weeks after ART initiation in both treatment arms using the Mann-Whitney U-test and the χ2 test. We performed subgroup analysis for patients > 50 years old, with baseline CD4 counts ≤ 200 cells/µL, viral load > 100 000 HIV RNA copies/mL, and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir-based therapy. RESULTS: We analysed data from 571 patients: 292 on DT and 279 on TT. No differences were observed in CD4/CD8 ratio (0.632 vs. 0.617, P = 0.729) or in the proportion of patients with CD4/CD8 ratio > 1 (17.9% vs. 19.3%, P = 0.678) 48 weeks after ART initiation. Subgroup analysis showed no further differences. CONCLUSION: The impact of PI-based DT regimens on the CD4/CD8 ratio during the first year of treatment for ART-naïve patients is similar to that of TT.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV , Infecções por HIV , Inibidores da Protease de HIV , HIV-1 , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Lamivudina/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa , Ritonavir/farmacologia , Ritonavir/uso terapêutico , Carga ViralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive persons is difficult, particularly in resource-limited settings. The relationship between TB culture status and mortality in HIV-positive persons treated for TB is unclear. METHODS: We evaluated HIV-positive adults treated for TB at or after their first HIV clinic visit in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Honduras, Mexico or Peru from 2000 to 2015. Anti-tuberculosis treatment included 2 months of isoniazid, rifampicin (RMP)/rifabutin (RBT), pyrazinamide ± ethambutol, followed by continuation phase treatment with isoniazid + RMP/RBT. RESULTS: Of 759 TB-HIV patients, 238 (31%) were culture-negative, 228 (30%) had unknown culture status or did not undergo culture and 293 (39%) were culture-positive. The median CD4 at TB diagnosis was 96 (interquartile range 40-228); 636 (84%) received concurrent antiretroviral therapy (ART) and anti-tuberculosis treatment. There were 123 (16%) deaths: 90/466 (19%) with TB culture-negative, unknown or not performed vs. 33/293 (11%) who were TB culture-positive (P = 0.005). In Kaplan-Meier analysis, mortality in TB patients without culture-confirmed disease was higher (P = 0.002). In a Cox model adjusted for age, sex, CD4, ART timing, disease site and stratified by study site, mortality in persons without culture-confirmed TB was not significantly increased compared to those with culture-positive TB (hazard ratio 1.39, 95%CI 0.89-2.16, P = 0.15). CONCLUSION: Most HIV-positive patients treated for TB did not have culture-confirmed TB, and mortality tended to be higher in patients without culture-confirmed disease, although the association was not statistically different after adjusting for other variables. Accurate TB diagnosis in HIV-positive persons is crucial.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/administração & dosagem , Antituberculosos/administração & dosagem , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Adulto , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/mortalidade , Humanos , América Latina , Masculino , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute HIV infection is associated with favourable clinical and epidemiological outcomes. Barriers to prompt treatment initiation limit the benefits of universal access to ART in Mexico. We sought to create an algorithm for the immediate detection and treatment of patients with acute HIV infection. METHODS: A nationwide cohort of patients with acute HIV infection was created in 2015. In order to identify cases and treat them promptly at our centre, an interdisciplinary group coordinated through an instant-messaging tool using smart phones was established. When a probable case was detected, a discussion was initiated to confirm the diagnosis and facilitate the administrative processes to initiate ART as soon as possible. We compared time to ART initiation with that in a comparison group of patients with chronic HIV infection enrolled during the same period (May 2015 to February 2017) through routine care, using survival analysis estimators and log-rank tests. RESULTS: We recruited 29 patients with acute HIV infection. The median time to ART initiation was 2 days in these patients, in contrast to 21 days for patients with chronic infection. There were no significant differences in the percentages of patients engaged in care, on treatment or virologically suppressed at 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing immediate ART initiation programmes is feasible in Mexico, in spite of the substantial administrative barriers that exist in the country. More extensive replication of this model in other centres and in patients with chronic infection is warranted to evaluate its effect on the continuum of care.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/administração & dosagem , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Algoritmos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Relações Médico-Paciente , Smartphone , Análise de Sobrevida , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Tempo para o Tratamento , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We analyze the water vapour-liquid and solid-liquid phase transitions from the perspective of hydrogen bond networks. Using molecular dynamics simulation data for the TIP4P/2005 and TIP4P/ice water models, we built hydrogen bond networks in the neighbourhood of the transitions. We studied the behaviour of some topological network properties: the average degree, clustering coefficient, and average path length. We found that these properties exhibit a discontinuity while approaching a phase transition region, similar to those that appear for some thermodynamic properties in the same region. This approach can be extended to characterize other water phase transitions. Besides, it can also be applied to study the phase transitions of other hydrogen-bonded substances or to other scenarios whose relevant "interaction" could be identified together with a "proper criterion" defined in an analogous way as in the case of hydrogen bonded systems.
RESUMO
We aimed to quantify the proportion of people receiving care for HIV-infection that are 50 years or older (older HIV patients) in Latin America and the Caribbean between 2000 and 2015 and to estimate the contribution to the growth of this population of people enrolled before (<50yo) and after 50 years old (yo) (⩾50yo). We used a series of repeated, cross-sectional measurements over time in the Caribbean, Central and South American network (CCASAnet) cohort. We estimated the percentage of patients retained in care each year that were older HIV patients. For every calendar year, we divided patients into two groups: those who enrolled before age 50 and after age 50. We used logistic regression models to estimate the change in the proportion of older HIV patients between 2000 and 2015. The percentage of CCASAnet HIV patients over 50 years had a threefold increase (8% to 24%) between 2000 and 2015. Most of the growth of this population can be explained by the increasing proportion of people that enrolled before 50 years and aged in care. These changes will impact needs of care for people living with HIV, due to multiple comorbidities and high risk of disability associated with aging.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Região do Caribe , Demografia/tendências , Feminino , Humanos , América Latina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Childhood obesity is a public health problem characterized by early insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, and oxidative stress. The presence of an uninterrupted low-grade inflammatory state impairs metabolic and cardiovascular health. The population is particularly susceptible to develop metabolic disorders related to increased body fat. METHODS: Eighty-three adolescents were recruited and grouped according to HOMA-IR and BMI in either with or without IR and obese or normal-weight respectively. Anthropometric, biochemical, immunological and hormonal variables were determined. Transverse Analytical Study. RESULTS: Obesity, dyslipidemia, IL-6, and C-reactive protein were significantly higher in the IR group than in the non-IR group. Obese adolescents showed increased insulin levels, HOMA-IR, inflammatory markers, and triglycerides; while having lower HDL-C, and adiponectin when compared to normal-weight adolescents. As expected, obesity-related anthropometric markers positively correlated with IR and inflammatory markers while negatively correlated with adiponectin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Early IR, subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia, and hypoadiponectinemia characterize obesity in adolescents. These factors may increase the risk of future coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes mellitus development (DM) in early adulthood.
RESUMO
Nasal olfactory stem and neural progenitor cells (NOS/PCs) are considered possible tools for regenerative stem cell therapies in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurogenesis is a complex process regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic signals that include DNA-methylation and other chromatin modifications that could be experimentally manipulated in order to increase neuronal differentiation. The aim of the present study was the characterization of primary cultures and consecutive passages (P2-P10) of NOS/PCs isolated from male Swiss-Webster (mNOS/PCs) or healthy humans (hNOS/PCs). We evaluated and compared cellular morphology, proliferation rates and the expression pattern of pluripotency-associated markers and DNA methylation-associated gene expression in these cultures. Neuronal differentiation was induced by exposure to all-trans retinoic acid and forskolin for 7 days and evaluated by morphological analysis and immunofluorescence against neuronal markers MAP2, NSE and MAP1B. In response to the inductive cues mNOS/PCs expressed NSE (75.67%) and MAP2 (35.34%); whereas the majority of the hNOS/PCs were immunopositive to MAP1B. Treatment with procainamide, a specific inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), increases in the number of forskolin'/retinoic acid-induced mature neuronal marker-expressing mNOS/PCs cells and enhances neurite development in hNOS/PCs. Our results indicate that mice and human nasal olfactory stem/progenitors cells share pluripotency-related gene expression suggesting that their application for stem cell therapy is worth pursuing and that DNA methylation inhibitors could be efficient tools to enhance neuronal differentiation from these cells.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Colforsina/farmacologia , DNA (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neurais/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Olfatória/citologia , Tretinoína/farmacologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas , DNA (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferase 1 , Metilação de DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A commercial Unidirectional Carbon Fabric piece was used to design an electrode for the cathodic O2 reduction reaction in a divided (by a Nafion(®) 117 membrane) parallel plate reactor. The anode was a commercial stainless steel mesh. Under this approach it is feasible to produce H2O2 at low energy (2.08 kWh kg(-1) H2O2) in low ionic acidic medium. In the catholyte side the H2O2 can be activated with Fe(2+) to develop the Fenton reagent. It was found that Acid Orange 7 (AO7) indirect oxidation (in the concentration range of 0.12-0.24 mM) by Fenton chemistry follows a first order kinetic equation. The energy required for 0.24 mM AO7 degradation is 1.04 kWhm(-3). From each experimental AO7 oxidation the main parameters (a, mM and k, min(-1)) of the first order kinetic equation are obtained. These parameters can be correlated with AO7 concentration in the concentration range studied. Based on this method a semi-empirical chemical model was developed to predict the AO7 abatement, by means of Fenton chemistry. Good AO7 oxidation predictions can be made in the concentration range studied. A detailed discussion of the energy required for oxidizing AO7 and the accuracy of the chemical model to predict its oxidation is included in this paper.
Assuntos
Compostos Azo/química , Benzenossulfonatos/química , Carbono/química , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Modelos Químicos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Eletrodos , Ferro/química , Cinética , Oxirredução , Têxteis , Purificação da Água/métodosRESUMO
Determinar la prevalencia del Síndrome Metabólico(SM) en una muestra de los habitantes del municipio Carrizal (Estado Bolivariano de Miranda, Venezuela) entre de marzo junio 2013, según los criterios ATP III. Métodos: En un estudio observacional de campo, se evaluaron 52 sujetos de sexo masculino y femenino entre 18 y 74 años de edad en diferentes centros de salud del municipio Carrizal, los cuales firmaron previamente un consentimiento informado. A todos los participantes se les aplicó un test para determinar el riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 y de síndrome metabólico (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score) validado en población venezolana. Seguidamente respondían encuesta estructurada sobre antecedentes familiares, personales, factores de riesgo y estilos de vida. Acto seguido se les realizó análisis de sangre en ayuno (glucemia, triglicéridos, colesterol total y colesterol HDL), antropometría (peso, talla, circunferencias de cintura y porcentaje de grasa). El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el software SPSS versión 14. Resultados: La Glucemia registrada en hombres fue de 116±53 mg/dl, en mujeres de 100±34mg/dl; hipertrigliceridemia en hombres 202±104mg/dl; en mujeres de 125±66 mg/dl; valor de colesterol HDL en hombres de 45±7 mg/dl, en mujeres 56±11 mg/dl; hipercolesterolemia en hombres 206 ±46 mg/dl, en mujeres 214 ±56; circunferencia de la cintura en hombres 113±13 cm, en mujeres 101±11 cm. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de SM fue de 41,8% en la muestra del municipio Carrizal, según los criterios ATP III, representando un alto riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Es fundamental, la intervención directa sobre los factores de riesgo del SM(AU)
To determine the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS ) in a sample of inhabitants of the municipality Carrizal ( Bolivarian State of Miranda, Venezuela ) within between March and June 2013 according to the ATP III criteria. Methods: In an field study, 52 male and female subjects around 18 and 74 years in different health centers in the municipality Carrizal, which previously signed informed consent were evaluated. All participants were administered a test to determine the risk of diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score) validated in Venezuelan population. Then an answered structured survey on family, personal, risk factors and lifestyle history. Was taken Fasting blood tests (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL), anthropometry weight, height, waist circumference and body fat percentage). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 14 software. RESULTS: Blood glucose recorded in men was 116 ± 53 mg / dl in women 100 ± 34mg / dl; hypertriglyceridemia in men 202 ± 104mg / dl ; in women 125 ± 66 mg / dl; value of HDL cholesterol in men aged 45 ± 7 mg / dl in women 56 ± 11 mg / dl; hypercholesterolemia in men 206 ± 46 mg / dl in women 214 ± 56; waist circumference in men 113 ± 13 cm, females 101 ± 11 cm . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MS was 41.8 % in the sample of Carrizal Municipality, according to ATP III criteria, representing a high risk of developing chronic noncommunicable diseases. It is essential, direct intervention on risk factors of MS(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Resistência à Insulina , Fatores de Risco , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Epidemiologia , Obesidade Abdominal , HiperlipidemiasRESUMO
Cytoskeleton remodeling can be regulated, among other mechanisms, by lysine acetylation. The role of acetylation on cytoskeletal and other proteins of Entamoeba histolytica has been poorly studied. Dynamic rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton are crucial for amebic motility and capping formation, processes that may be effective means of evading the host immune response. Here we report the possible effect of acetylation on the actin cytoskeleton dynamics and in vivo virulence of E. histolytica. Using western blot, immunoprecipitation, microscopy assays, and in silico analysis, we show results that strongly suggest that the increase in Aspirin-induced cytoplasm proteins acetylation reduced cell movement and capping formation, likely as a consequence of alterations in the structuration of the actin cytoskeleton. Additionally, intrahepatic inoculation of Aspirin-treated trophozoites in hamsters resulted in severe impairment of the amebic virulence. Taken together, these results suggest an important role for lysine acetylation in amebic invasiveness and virulence.
Assuntos
Citoesqueleto de Actina/metabolismo , Entamoeba histolytica/metabolismo , Entamoeba histolytica/patogenicidade , Lisina/metabolismo , Acetilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Citoesqueleto de Actina/efeitos dos fármacos , Actinas/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Aspirina/farmacologia , Sítios de Ligação , Cricetinae , Citocalasina D/farmacologia , Entamoeba histolytica/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Entamoeba histolytica/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Movimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Parasitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Parasitos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Polimerização/efeitos dos fármacos , Trofozoítos/efeitos dos fármacos , Trofozoítos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Trofozoítos/ultraestrutura , VirulênciaRESUMO
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has developed resistance to anti-tuberculosis first-line drugs. Multidrug-resistant strains complicate the control of tuberculosis and have converted it into a worldwide public health problem. Mutational studies of target genes have tried to envisage the resistance in clinical isolates; however, detection of these mutations in some cases is not sufficient to identify drug resistance, suggesting that other mechanisms are involved. Therefore, the identification of new markers of susceptibility or resistance to first-line drugs could contribute (1) to specifically diagnose the type of M. tuberculosis strain and prescribe an appropriate therapy, and (2) to elucidate the mechanisms of resistance in multidrug-resistant strains. In order to identify specific genes related to resistance in M. tuberculosis, we compared the gene expression profiles between the pansensitive H37Rv strain and a clinical CIBIN:UMF:15:99 multidrug-resistant isolate using microarray analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that in the clinical multidrug-resistant isolate, the esxG, esxH, rpsA, esxI, and rpmI genes were upregulated, while the lipF, groES, and narG genes were downregulated. The modified genes could be involved in the mechanisms of resistance to first-line drugs in M. tuberculosis and could contribute to increased efficiency in molecular diagnosis approaches of infections with drug-resistant strains.
Assuntos
Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Transcriptoma , Genes Bacterianos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
Experimental studies have shown that prenatal exposure to lead (Pb) produces morphological changes related to extracellular matrix remodelling. To analyse whether the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-2, MMP-9, and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2), are associated with morphological alterations found in placentas, the expression of these enzymes was evaluated by immunohistochemical and image analyses in placentas of women with histories of environmental exposure to Pb. The median maternal concentration of Pb in blood was 4.68 µg/dL (x = 5.85 ± 6.48 µg/dL). Significant differences related to the exposure to Pb were not detected in newborn or placenta weight. MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-2 were expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of placental villi. A significant increase in both MMP-2 and MMP-9 was observed in placentas of women with concentrations of Pb in blood ≥4.68 µg/dL (p = 0.01 and 0.03 for MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively) and decrease in TIMP-2 expression (p = 0.01) resulted in a significant increase in MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio (p < 0.01). Increased expression of MMPs may be induced to aid in repairing placental tissue damaged by the exposure to Pb and that TIMP-2 decreases its expression to permit tissue repair. Increased expression of MMPs may be important to consider as a mechanism for generating placental abnormalities and in the induction of preterm delivery or abortion.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais/toxicidade , Chumbo/toxicidade , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Placenta/metabolismo , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-2/metabolismo , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Poluentes Ambientais/sangue , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/química , Humanos , Chumbo/sangue , Exposição Materna/efeitos adversos , Troca Materno-Fetal , México , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Gravidez , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción: Las estrías de distensión son frecuentes y representan un problema estético importante. Se han intentado múltiples terapias, no habiendo ninguna realmente efectiva. Objetivo: Evaluar respuesta al tratamiento con láser fraccional en estrías de distensión. Método: Estudio retrospectivo en trece pacientes con estrías. Fueron tratados con cuatro sesiones de láser fraccional Er: Glass Mosaic Lutronic ®. Se consignó edad, sexo, tipo de estría (roja o blanca), causa (posembarazo, adolescencia y otras) y fototipo. Fueron evaluados con control fotográfico y una escala de satisfacción subjetiva. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el test exacto de Fisher. Resultados: Se incluyeron trece pacientes. Nueve pacientes (69,2 por ciento ) consideraron una franca mejoría después del tratamiento, tres(23,1 por ciento) una mejoría parcial y un caso (7,7 por ciento), ausencia de cambios. No hubo diferencias significativas entre estrías blancas y rojas. Discusión: La terapia láser fraccional fue efectiva tanto para el tratamiento de estrías rojas como blancas.
Introduction: Stretch marks are common and represent a major cosmetic problem. Many therapies have been tried not being any truly effective. Objective: To evaluate response to treatment with fractional laser in distension stretch marks. Methods: A retrospective study in patients with stretch marks, who were treated with 4 sessions of fractional laser Er: Glass Mosaic Lutronic ®. We recorded age, sex, type of stretch mark (red or white), cause (post pregnancy, adolescence, etc.) and phototype. Patients were evaluated with photographic control and a subjective satisfaction scale. For statistical analysis we used the Fisher test. Results: We included 13 patients. 9 patients (69.2 percent had a marked improvement after treatment, three (23.1 percent) partial improvement and one case (7.7 percent), no change. There were no significant differences between white and red striae. Discussion: The fractional laser therapy was effective for the treatment of both red and white stretch marks.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Estrias de Distensão/terapia , Terapia a Laser , Cicatriz/terapia , Satisfação do Paciente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objetivo. Evaluar la respuesta productiva y calidad de la carne de toretes doble propósito a la adición de grasa protegida (GP) en su dieta. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 45 toretes comerciales (B. taurus x B. indicus), divididos en tres bloques de 15 animales, de acuerdo con su peso vivo en pequeños, medianos y grandes. Cada bloque fue dividido en tres subgrupos de 5 animales, asignados aleatoriamente a los tratamientos 0, 1.5 y 3% de GP, en un diseño de bloques completamente al azar. Resultados. No hubo diferencias (p>0.05) en comportamiento productivo. La grasa dorsal fue mayor (p<0.05) en animales alimentados con 0% GP comparado con 3% de GP (9.6 vs 8.6 mm). No hubo diferencias (p>0.05) en área del ojo de la costilla (AC) ni pH de la carne. El contenido de proteína cruda de la carne incrementó (p<0.05) con 3% GP pero disminuyó (p<0.05) con 1.5 y 0% de GP (22.8 vs 21.6, 21.6, respectivamente). El perfil de ácidos grasos no fue diferente (p>0.05) entre tratamientos. Conclusiones. Adicionar GP a dietas para bovinos doble propósito en finalización no modificó la respuesta productiva, pero mejoró algunas características de la canal y de la carne. Se sugiere realizar más investigación, utilizando el mismo tipo de animales, con niveles mayores de GP a los usados en este estudio, ya que la respuesta pudiera mejorar.
Assuntos
Bovinos , Ração Animal , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Carne , México , Controle de QualidadeRESUMO
Introducción. En la fase aguda, el dolor ejerce un mecanismo natural de protección. No obstante, existen dos trastornos congénitos cuya característica principal es una baja o nula reactividad al trauma: la insensibilidad congénita al dolor y la indiferencia congénita al dolor. Esta última es una condición poco común en la que a pesar de no existir anormalidades neurológicas en las vías del dolor, el individuo carece de una respuesta emocional a la lesión tisular. Objetivos. Presentar el caso de una niña con indiferencia congénita al dolor y hacer revisión de la fisiopatología y una aproximación diagnóstica. Metodología y resultados. Presentación de caso clínico. Conclusiones. El diagnóstico de indiferencia congénita al dolor es básicamente un diagnóstico de exclusión y dado que aún no se conoce cura para este trastorno, la prevención, la educación y el tratamiento interdisciplinario son lo primordial en estas entidades.
Introduction. In the acute phase, pain exerts a natural protective mechanism, However, there are two congenital disorders, in which the main characteristic is a low or nule reactivity to trauma: congenital insensitivity to pain and congenital indifference to pain. The last one is an uncommon condition in which, while not having neurological abnormalities in the pain pathways, the individual lacks of an emotional response to tissue injury.Objectives. To show the case of a girl with congenital indifference to pain and to make a review of the pathophysiology and diagnostic approach. Methodology and results. Presentation of a clinical case. Conclusions. The diagnosis of congenital indifference to pain is basically a diagnosis by exclusión and since a cure for this disorder is not yet known, prevention, education and interdisciplinary treatment are the priority aspects in this entities.