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Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects up to 40% of the general population, there are large-scale multicenter studies that have described its characteristics and few studies have focused on studying patients with AR in Latin America (LA). Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive, multicenter study was carried out in four LA countries (Colombia, Argentina, Cuba and Peru). Patients diagnosed with AR between November 2017 and June 2020 were included. Sociodemographic and clinical data, sensitization profile and current treatment were collected in the Electronic Data Collection (BDClinic). Patients also filled out this questionnaires: Rhinitis Control Assessment Test (RCAT), Reflexive Total Nasal Symptom Score (rTNSS), Modified ARIA Criteria for AR Severity (mARIA) and ESPRINT-15. Risk of bias was examined by applying the STROBE checklist. Results: The study included 412 patients. Median age was 25 years (15-39). Two hundred and twenty four (54.3%) were women. Nasal obstruction was present in 303 (73.5%). Three hundred and thirty four (81%) had a persistent AR. One hundred and twenty one (31.3%) had associated asthma. The most frequently positive skin tests were: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in 365 (88.6%) and Dermatophagoides farinae in 331 (81.3%). Four hundred and eleven patients (99%) reported that AR affected their quality of life. The median score of ESPRINT-15 was 1.87 (0.93-2.93), The mean values of RCAT and rTNSS were 19.01 (±4.59) and 5.4 (±2.97) respectively. Two hundred and fifty (60%) were receiving only oral antihistamines. Physicians decided to start nasal corticosteroids in 296 (71.8%). Only seventy patients (16.9%) were receiving immunotherapy. Conclusion: These findings confirm that most of patients with AR in LA have a persistent disease with a negative impact on quality of life. Dust mites are the main sensitizers. These findings will allow to know the true impact of AR and can lead to a better disease management.
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for more than two billion people worldwide. Its cultivation demands large amounts of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus (P). Consequently, low availability of these nutrients in the soil has led to the use of chemical fertilizers, generating increases in production costs and environmental damage. Soil host microorganisms known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) colonize the rhizosphere and facilitate the uptake of nutrients by the plants. In this study, rice seeds inoculated with PGPR were grown for 30 days in an inert substrate and fertilized with modified Hoagland nutrient solution with phosphate rock as a source of P. Treatments were repeated over time, obtaining five isolates which significantly increased plant length by up to 56% and dry weight of stems and roots up to 45% and 169% respectively relative to an uninoculated control. Selected strains showed in vitro tri-calcium phosphate solubilizing activity, mineralizing phytate activity, and phosphate release from rice straw (RS). Based on the above criteria, three isolates (IBUN-02755, -02,704 and -02,724) that contained ß propeller phytase (BPP) genes, were selected to evaluate their effect as PGPR in rice seedlings. These were planted in a soil amended with RS under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that selected Bacillus spp. strains significantly increased plant length and dry weight or increased plant phosphate uptake up to two times compared to an un-inoculated control. This suggests that selected strains may have a capacity as PGPR using RS as carbon and a P amendment.
Assuntos
Bacillus , Oryza , Bacillus/genética , Humanos , Fósforo , Raízes de Plantas , Rizosfera , Solo , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
A systematic process for assessing progress toward landscape sustainability goals is developed and tested. Application of the approach builds capacity and promotes continual improvements in management practices, thus enabling timely action to address changing conditions while progressing toward locally defined goals. We consider how the approach applies to agricultural landscapes, that is farm ecosystem interactions with the environment and human well-being. We present lessons learned from applying the assessment approach in two contrasting situations: large, high-input, commercial agriculture in northwestern Mexico and small, low-input family farms in the Western Highlands of Guatemala. Applying the approach reveals five attributes required for success and the means to achieve those conditions. (1) Having a capable local champion for the project is critical. (2) Implementation of the approach must be in concert with local people and organizations as well as with regional and national policies and programs. (3) Identification and engagement of key stakeholders is essential. (4) Application of the approach is not meant to be a one-time effort but rather an ongoing and systematic process. (5) Engagement and buy-in from stakeholders including multiple agency levels is essential for allocation of necessary resources and logistic support in the continuing implementation of the approach.
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OBJETIVO: Determinar la calidad de vida asociada con la técnica quirúrgica en pacientes posoperados de plastia uretral. MÉTODO: Se estudiaron 29 pacientes intervenidos entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2015. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios Euroqol 5-D e International Prostate Symptom Score para medir calidad de vida y detectar recaídas, respectivamente. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, y se calcularon la incidencia acumulada, el riesgo relativo y la fracción atribuible. RESULTADOS: La incidencia de recaídas detectada por el International Prostate Symptom Score fue del 69% (p = 0.011); el riesgo relativo fue de 2.19 (intervalo de confianza del 95%: 2.092-2.288). La fracción atribuible a la exposición fue del 54%. La calidad de vida se asoció con la longitud de la lesión (p = 0.046), los síntomas urinarios bajos (p = 0.004) y la percepción individual del estado de salud (p = 0.003). La localización de la lesión se asoció con recaída (p = 0.008). La calidad de vida no se asoció con el tipo de plastia (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: La incidencia de recurrencia posquirúrgica es alta. La calidad de vida es independiente de la técnica quirúrgica, pero está asociada con la longitud de la lesión y con los síntomas urinarios. OBJECTIVE: To determine the quality of life associated with the surgical technique in postoperative patients with urethral plasty. METHODS: 29 patients operated between January-2011 and December-2015 were studied. The questionnaires Euroqol 5-D and International Prostate Symptom Score were applied to measure quality of life and detect relapses, respectively. Descriptive statistics was performed, cumulative incidence, relative risk and attributable fraction were calculated. RESULTS: the incidence of relapse detected by the International Prostate Symptom Score was 69% (p = 0.011); the relative risk was 2.19 (95% confidence interval: 2.092-2.288). The fraction attributable to the exposure was 54%. The quality of life was associated with the length of the lesion (p = 0.046), low urinary symptoms (p = 0.004) and the individual perception of the state of health (p = 0.003). The location of the lesion was associated with relapse (p = 0.008). Quality of life was not associated with type of plasty (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of postoperative recurrence is high. The quality of life is independent of the surgical technique, but it is associated with the length of the lesion and urinary symptoms.
Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Uretra/cirurgia , Estreitamento Uretral/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Autorrelato , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos/métodosRESUMO
Aunque algunos informes identifiquen a Colombia como ejemplo de un país que ha logrado revertir los niveles crecientes de violencia, estos siguen siendo altos. Por este motivo se han convocado acciones de promoción de la convivencia y prevención de la violencia, a las cuales responde el programa que presentamos en este artículo. Este programa está basado en la perspectiva contextual-evolutiva del modelo ecológico y en la educación para la salud, tendiente al cuidado de sí en los padres o cuidadores, y al ejercicio de una crianza, centrada en los derechos de los niños, el desarrollo infantil y la promoción de la salud mental, con el fin de promover el desarrollo saludable y prevenir comportamientos agresivos en los niños; éste es presentado como una alternativa de orientación psicosocial para el fortalecimiento de estrategias y programas dirigidos a la primera infancia.
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Maus-Tratos Infantis/prevenção & controle , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Saúde Mental/educação , Desenvolvimento de Programas/métodos , Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , MasculinoRESUMO
In Guatemala, especially in rural areas, gender norms contribute to high fertility and closely spaced births by discouraging contraceptive use and constraining women from making decisions regarding the timing of their pregnancies and the size of their families. Community workshops for men, women and couples were conducted in 30 rural communities in Guatemala to test the hypothesis that the promotion of gender equity in the context of reproductive health will contribute to gender-equitable attitudes and strengthen the practice of family planning. Communities were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Pre/post surveys were conducted. Odds ratios estimated with mixed effect models to account for community-level randomization and repeated measures per participant were compared. The analyses showed statistically significant effects of the intervention on two of the three outcomes examined: gender attitudes and contraceptive knowledge. Findings regarding contraceptive use were suggestive but not significant. The results suggest that it is possible to influence both inequitable gender norms and reproductive health knowledge and, potentially, behaviours in a short span of time using appropriately designed communications interventions that engage communities in re-thinking the inequitable gender norms that act as barriers to health.
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Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Relações Interpessoais , Comportamento Reprodutivo , Saúde Reprodutiva/educação , População Rural , Adulto , Intervalo entre Nascimentos , Comportamento Contraceptivo/psicologia , Comportamento Contraceptivo/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação , Características da Família , Feminino , Guatemala , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery is an uncommon congenital heart disease. It can be related to respiratory symptoms such as asthma, an unusual finding in some of these patients. This paper reports the case of a 4-year-old male with recurrent respiratory infections and asthma symptoms, in who further studies found agenesia of right pulmonary artery with pulmonary hypoplasia of the same side.
La ausencia unilateral primitiva de una de las arterias pulmonares es una malformación congénita poco frecuente. Entre las manifestaciones clínicas de esta entidad se pueden encontrar síntomas respiratorios, como el asma, aunque la relación es infrecuente. Se comunica el caso de un niño de cuatro años de edad con episodios de infecciones respiratorias recurrentes y diagnóstico de asma, en quien posteriormente se encontró agenesia de la arteria pulmonar derecha e hipoplasia pulmonar secundaria ipsilateral.
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Asma/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Pré-Escolar , Circulação Colateral , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Dispneia/etiologia , Teste de Esforço , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Humanos , Achados Incidentais , Pulmão/anormalidades , Masculino , Esforço Físico , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Atelectasia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Atelectasia Pulmonar/etiologia , Radiografia , Infecções Respiratórias/etiologiaRESUMO
El plasminógeno es el zimógeno de la plasmina, enzima activada a nivel fisiológico por el activadortisular del plasminógeno y la urokinasa, la plasmina es la enzima encargada de disolver el coágulosanguíneo. En este estudio se compararon la plasmina humana con la bufalina en su forma de activación dezimógeno a enzima y en la afinidad hacia el sustrato cromogénico. Los plasminógenos fueron purificadospor el mismo método de cromatografías de afinidad y cambio iónico. De igual manera las activaciones sehicieron utilizando urokinasa humana en ambos casos. La plasmina bufalina demostró mayor activacióny afinidad (1.35mM) que la plasmina humana (2.16 mM), siendo la bufalina 1.5 veces mas afin al sustratocromogénico que la humana. Este estudio demuestra que el método de purificación de los plasminógenospuede ser el mismo para muchas especies, se demuestra una vez más que las plasminas animales al parecerson más eficientes en la disolución del coágulo o degradación de sustratos, que la plasmina humana.Este estudio indica que la plasmina bufalina puede ser utilizada en los parámetros que se determinanclínicamente en pacientes con problemas cardiovasculares, reduciendo el tiempo de determinación de estosparámetros fibrinolíticos, que pueden dar al médico un margen de tiempo superior para actuar.
The Plasminogen is the zymogene of the Plasmin, enzyme which physiologically is activated by twodifferent enzymes, the tissue plasminogen activator and the urokinase, the plasmin is the enzyme that dissolves blood clots. In this study the human plasmin was compared to the bufaline plasmin, in theactivation from the zymogene to the enzyme form as well as in the affinity to the chromogenic substrate.The two plasminogens were purified by the same chromatographies methods: affinity and ion-exchange.Furthermore, both plasminogens were activated by human urokinase. The bufaline plasmin showed moreactivation and affinity (1.35 mM) that the human plasmin (2.16 mM), in addition, the bufaline plasmindemonstrated a 1.5 times more affinity to the chromogenic substrate that the human plasmin. This studydemonstrated that the plasminogens of several species can be purified by this method. Besides, one moretime the animals plasmins probably to be more efficient in the dissolution of blood clots or degradation ofsubstrates than the human plasmin. More over this study indicated that the bufaline plasmin can be usedin clinical determinations of patients with cardiovascular diseases. This also reduces the determinationtime of fibrinolytic parameters that physicians can give, having more time to take appropriate treatment.
O plasminogênio é o zymogen da plasmina, enzima ativada a nivel fisiológico pelo ativador tissulardo plasminogênio e uroquinase, plasmina é a enzima responsável de dissolver o coágulo de sanguíneo.neste estudo foi comparada a plasmina humana com a plasmina búbalina em seu modo de ativaçãode zymogen a enzima e na afinidade substrato cromogênico. Os plasminogênio foram purificados como mesmo método de cromatografia de afinidade e de troca iônica, e as ativações foram feitas usandouroquinase humana nos dois casos. A Búfalo plasmina mostrou maior ativação e afinidade (1.35 mM)que a plasmina humana (2.16 mM), sendo a bufalina 1.5 vezes mais afim ao substrato Cromogênico quea humana. Este estudo mostrou que o método de purificação do plasminogênios pode ser o mesmo paramuitas espécies, alem disso, que as plasminas animais são mais eficientes na dissolução do coáguloo degradação de substratos que a plasmina humana. Este estudo indicou que a plasmina búfalo podeser utilizada nos parâmetros determinados clínicamente em pacientes com problemas cardiovasculares,diminuindo o tempo de determinação destes parâmetros fibrinolíticos, que podem dar ao médico umintervalo de maior tempo para atuar.
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Animais , Búfalos , Compostos Cromogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Plasminogênio/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Objetivos: La Nefrectomía Laparoscópica (NL) es un procedimiento que tiene menor morbilidad que la cirugía abierta, pero se requiere de gran experiencia para realizarla. Nosotros presentaremos nuestra revisión de las primeras 30 NL. Materiales y Métodos: Revisamos 30 pacientes a los que se les realizó NL por enfermedad benigna o maligna, entre agosto del 2001 y agosto del 2003, por un mismo cirujano. Tuvimos en cuenta el tipo de cirugía, la indicación y el acceso que se realizó. Además de las complicaciones y los resultados patológicos. Resultados: De los treinta pacientes 15 eran hombres y 15 mujeres. A dieciséis se les realizó NL izquierda, a los catorce restantes NL derecha. El acceso transperitoneal, retroperitoneal y mano asistida se realizó en el 80, 10 y 10 por ciento respectivamente. El 73.3 por ciento de los pacientes fueron llevados a cirugía por enfermedad benigna con una edad promedio de 38 años. El 26.7 por ciento restante tenían enfermedad maligna, con un promedio de edad de 59 años. De los que tenían enfermedad benigna, en el 53.3 por ciento la indicación de la cirugía fue atrofia renal. Se realizaron 21 NL simples, 7 NL radicales y 2 NL parciales. En nuestro estudio no hubo diferencias en el tiempo quirúrgico entre enfermedad benigna y maligna, 194/193 minutos respectivamente; pero si en la estancia hospitalaria. Se presentaron dos complicaciones mayores (6.6 por ciento) que fueron pacientes llevados a NL radical, una conversión (3 por ciento) por sangrado del hilio renal y un paciente que falleció al siguiente día de la cirugía por coagulopatía de consumo. Tres complicaciones fueron menores (10 por ciento), dos infecciones de herida quirúrgica. La otra complicación fue un urinoma en un caso al que se le realizó NL parcial. Dos de los 30 pacientes requirieron transfusión. El informe patológico fue pielonefritis crónica-pionefrosis 46 por ciento, hidronefrosis-Estrechez Píelo Ureteral 25 por ciento y CCR 21.4 por ciento. El tiempo de incapacidad postoperatoria fue de 7 días en enfermedad benigna y 12 en enfermedad maligna. Conclusiones: La NL es un procedimiento que se puede realizar con seguridad y eficiencia en enfermedad benigna o maligna pero se requiere de una curva de aprendizaje prolongada. Tiene una menor morbilidad que la cirugía abierta con una tasa de éxito similar
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Laparoscopia , NefrectomiaRESUMO
Mediante un estudio de casos y controles, se compararon 40 pacientes con infarto del miocardio comprobado clinica, electrocardiografica y enzimaticamente, con 16 controles equiparados por edad , sexo e institucion; se comprobo asociacion con el habito de fumar, la presion arterial elevada, el colesterol de 250 o mas mg/dl; los trigliceridos de 150 o mas mg/dl, el acido urico de 8 o mas mg/dl en hombres y de 6 o mas mg/dl en mujeres; los antecedentes familiares de diabetes y enfermedad coronaria; la vida sedentaria; la ingestion de cafe y el uso de anticoncetivos orales; tambien se demostro el sinergismo de dichos factores. Por la elevada prevalencia de fumadores en la poblacion general se presume que el habito de fumar fue el factor de riesgo mas importante y que podria explicar el mayor numero de casos de enfermedad coronaria, aunque su asociacion con esta no fue muy fuerte; por ello se postula que cualquier campana de prevencion primaria de dicha enfermedad deberia tratar de controlar este habito
We performed a case-control study comparing 40 cases of clinically, electrocardiographically and enzymatically proven myocardial infarction with 16 controls matched for age, sex and Institution. We found association between the myocardial infarction and cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, cholesterol above 250 mg/dl, triglycerides above 150 mg/dl, uric acid over 8 mg/dill men or 6 mg/dill women, family history of diabetes or coronary heart disease, sedentary Life style, amount of coffee drinking and use of birth-control pills. These factors were synergistic. The high prevalence of smoking in the general population leads to the suggestion that It Is the most important risk factor and that It could explain the greater number of cases of coronary disease, even If the association was not strong. Any public health actions aimed at reducing the frequency of this disease should include smoking reduction.