RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritive value of three feeds (Cecropia sp., Pterodon sp., and Inga sp.) for sloths (Bradypus variegatus), based on nutritional composition and in vitro gas production. After a 14-day adaptation period to these feeds, approximately 500 g of gastric contents were collected from three female sloths, processed, and incubated with the food samples to evaluate digestibility and in vitro degradation kinetics. Regarding the nutritional composition, the neutral detergent fiber (NDFcp) content was higher with 404 g kg-1 DM (p = 0.001) in the leaves of Cecropia sp. The non-fibrous carbohydrate contents were greater with 499 g kg-1 DM in Pterodon sp. (p = 0.002). The greatest cellulose content (211 g kg-1 DM) was found in the leaves of C. pachystachya, as well as the lowest value of 143 g kg-1 DM for hemicellulose. Significant differences in the in vitro digestibility of crude protein (p = 0.041) were observed, with Inga sp. showing the highest value at 547 g kg-1 DM. In terms of kinetic parameters, Pterodon sp. exhibited higher total gas production (Vt) at 99 mL (p = 0.023) and digestion rates of fibrous carbohydrates (kdFC) at 0.0223%/h (p = 0.020) (p < 0.05). The leaves of Pterodon sp. and Inga sp. showed potential as suitable feeds for B. variegatus, while Cecropia sp. may have negative effects on dry matter intake due to its high NDF content, because of possible repletion effects on the stomach.

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the haematological and biochemical parameters of dogs submitted to different levels of inclusion of mealworm meal (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5%) in their diet. Four adult females aged 5 years, castrated, with an average weight of 15.8 kg were used. A Latin square design was used, with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The base diets were calculated based on the NRC and provided in the proportion of 80% dry food and 20% wet food. The animals were dewormed, clinically evaluated and adapted to the base diet for 10 days prior to the insertion of me. After fitting, blood was collected for evaluation of haematological and biochemical parameters. The experimental period of each treatment was 14 days, with a new blood collection on the 15th day, with the animals in the fasted state. The blood parameters evaluated were blood count and biochemical tests, composed of urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, total proteins and their fractions, glucose, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and immunoglobulin E. The data obtained were subjected to multiple analysis of variance at the 5% significance level. The results showed that none of the mealworm protein inclusion levels showed blood alterations. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of mealworm meal did not harm the health of the animals tested in experiment, showing that it can be an alternative protein source and can be safely included up to a level of 7.5% in dog foods

O estudo objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de cães submetidos à diferentes níveis de inclusão da farinha da larva de Tenebrio molitor (0%, 2,5%, 5% e 7,5%) à sua dieta. Foram utilizadas 4 fêmeas adultas com 5 anos, castradas, peso médio de 15,8kg. Utilizou-se o delineamento em quadrado latino, com 4 tratamentos e 4 repetições. As dietas bases foram calculadas com base no NRC e fornecidas na proporção de 80% de alimento seco e 20% de alimento úmido. Os animais foram desverminados, avaliados clinicamente e adaptados à dieta base por 10 dias que antecederam a inserção da farinha dde Tenebrio. Após a adaptação coletou-se sangue para a avaliação dos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos. O período experimental de cada tratamento foi de 14 dias, havendo nova coleta sanguínea no décimo quinto dia, com os animais em jejum. Os parâmetros sanguíneos avaliados foram hemograma, e exames bioquímicos, compostos por ureia, creatinina, alanina aminotransferase, fosfatase alcalina, colesterol, proteínas totais e suas frações, glicose, triglicérides, proteína C reativa, fibrinogênio e imunoglobulina E. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância múltipla a 5% de significância. Os resultados demonstraram que, em nenhum dos níveis de inclusão da proteína de tenébrio houveram alterações sanguíneas. Portanto, concluir-se que o uso da farinha de Tenebrio molitor não apresentou prejuizos a saude dos animais testados neste experimento, evidenciando que pode ser uma fonte proteica alternativa e ser seguramente incluída até o nível de 7,5% em alimentos para cães

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study evaluated the effects of including Moringa oleifera (moringa) leaf meal on performance, carcass yield and characteristics, and relative organ weights of broilers from 10 to 42 days of age. We distributed 420 male Cobb 500 chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates with 14 birds each. Treatments consisted of five experimental diets in which the moringa leaf meal was included at 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0% in the diets. The following performance variables were evaluated: weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion; weights and yields of carcass, carcass traits, organs, and abdominal fat; and feet color. Significant differences between the treatment means were analyzed by Dunnett's test. The meal inclusion levels did not affect performance, carcass characteristics and yield, or organs weight. However, feet pigmentation increased linearly, and abdominal fat was greater only at the 1.5% level when compared with the control group. Moringa leaf meal can be included in the diet of broilers from 10 to 42 days of age, up to the level of 6%, without compromising performance or carcass yield of these birds.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study was undertaken to investigate the performance, carcass characteristics, and economic viability of diets including pasta waste in meal form (PWM) for quail. A total of 450 unsexed meat quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) were distributed into five treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% inclusion of PWM) in a completely randomized design with six replicates, each with 15 birds. The following rearing periods were evaluated: Phase 1 - 1 to 21 days; and period of 1 to 42 days. In Phase 1, the PWM levels did not influence feed intake (FI), and the PWM inclusion levels for optimal weight gain (WG) and feed conversion (FC) were estimated at 20.70% and 22.8%, respectively. In the cumulative period of 1 to 42 days, the PWM levels did not lead to differences in FI, WG, or FC. The yields of carcass and cuts were not influenced by the treatments; however, abdominal fat yield decreased as the PWM levels in the diets were increased. Economic analysis showed a reduction of the feeding cost in the studied phases. Pasta waste meal can be included up to the level of 40% without incurring losses in the performance or carcass yield of meat quail.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In the intestinal lumen, excess of oxides and sulfates interfere with the absorption of minerals due to competition from the same absorption site. Amino acids-mineral complexed (AACM) is intended to minimize these problems, which might be absorbed by different absorption sites. Then, a study including Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn) and Copper (Cu) from different sources was carried out to evaluate the performance, blood parameters and reproductive organs development of Brown Laying Hens. A total of 800 Lohmann Brown Lite were fed, from one-day-old to 182-days-old, Zn, Mn and Cu from different sources. Measurements were made from 105 to 182-days-old. The laying hens were distributed according to a completely randomized design with 20 replicates and 20 birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a diet supplemented with 70, 70 and 8 mg/kg of Zn, Mn and Cu; respectively, from inorganic sources (IM). The second treatment contained 40, 40 and 2.75 mg/kg of Zn, Mn and Cu, respectively from IM plus 30, 30 and 5.25 mg/kg of Zn, Mn and Cu; respectively, from AACM sources. Performance and reproductive organs development (oviduct and ovary weight), tibia weight, liver weight, egg output and body weight, and blood variables were evaluated. Data were compared by Student's t-test (P < 0.05). Laying hens fed AACM reached 35% of egg output two days earlier and presented heavier tibia bone than the IM group. Those hens also presented greater oviduct weight, greater hematocrit and greater serum concentration of total leukocytes, erythrocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and the hormones T4 and FSH, than the hens fed IM. The supplementation of AACM in laying hens' diets since one-day-old improves the productive performance from the beginning of egg output to peak production, which is justified by better development of bones and oviduct, hormone production and immune system support.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros de desempenho, características de carcaças e viabilidade econômica de fêmeas suínas alimentadas com diferentes níveis de inclusão do farelo de algodão (FA) nas rações. Foram utilizadas 24 fêmeas suínas, com peso vivo médio de 48,20 ± 5,44 kg (fase de crescimento) e de 87,62 ± 6,72 kg (fase de terminação). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos (0%, 10%, 20% e 30% de inclusão de farelo de algodão), seis repetições, um animal por unidade experimental. Na fase de crescimento os parâmetros de desempenho não foram influenciados significativamente, na fase de terminação e total houve uma redução do ganho de peso e consumo de ração. Para as características de carcaça os animais apresentaram redução na espessura de toucinho e um aumento na área de olho de lombo até o nível de 13,5% de inclusão de FA. Quanto ao peso dos órgãos houve um aumento do peso do coração, fígado e rins. Conclui-se que é possível incluir o FA até o nível de 30%, sem afetar as características de desempenho na fase de crescimento, e de até 13,5% sem comprometer o rendimento de carcaças.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance, carcass characteristics and economic viability parameters in female pigs fed with different levels of cottonseed meal (CM) in the diets. Twenty-four crossbred female pigs were used, with live weight of 48.20 ± 5.44 kg (growth phase), and 87.62 ± 6.72 kg (finish phase). A completely randomized block design with four treatments (0%, 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion of cottonseed meal) was used with six replication, one animal per experimental unit. The performance parameters were not significant in the growth phase; the finish and total phase presented a reduction of weight gain and feed intake. For the carcass characteristics, the animals presented a reduction in backfat thickness, and an increase in the loin area up to 13.5% CM inclusion level. The organs showed weight increase for the heart, liver, and kidneys. It can be concluded that CM can be included in up to 30% without affecting the performance characteristics in the growth phase, and up to 13.5% without compromising the carcass characteristics.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar los parámetros de rendimiento, características de caparazón y la viabilidad económica de hembras porcinas alimentadas con diferentes niveles de inclusión de harina de algodón (HA) en las raciones. Se utilizaron veinticuatro hembras porcinas, con peso vivo promedio de 48,20 ± 5,44 kg (fase de crecimiento) y 87,62 ± 6,72 kg (fase de terminación). El diseño fue en bloques aleatorios, con cuatro tratamientos (0%, 10%, 20% y 30% de inclusión de harina de algodón), seis repeticiones, un animal por unidad experimental. En la fase de crecimiento, los parámetros de rendimiento no se vieron significativamente influenciados; en la fase de terminación y total, hubo una reducción en el aumento de peso y la ingesta de pienso. Para las características de caparazón, los animales mostraron una reducción en el espesor del tocino y un aumento en el área del ojo del lomo, hasta el nivel del 13,5% de la inclusión de HA. En cuanto al peso de los órganos, hubo un aumento en el peso del corazón, hígado y riñones. Se concluye que es posible incluir HA hasta el nivel de 30%, sin afectar las características de rendimiento en la fase de crecimiento, y de hasta un 13,5% sin comprometer el rendimiento de los caparazones.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros de desempenho, características de carcaças e viabilidade econômica de fêmeas suínas alimentadas com diferentes níveis de inclusão do farelo de algodão (FA) nas rações. Foram utilizadas 24 fêmeas suínas, com peso vivo médio de 48,20 ± 5,44 kg (fase de crescimento) e de 87,62 ± 6,72 kg (fase de terminação). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos (0%, 10%, 20% e 30% de inclusão de farelo de algodão), seis repetições, um animal por unidade experimental. Na fase de crescimento os parâmetros de desempenho não foram influenciados significativamente, na fase de terminação e total houve uma redução do ganho de peso e consumo de ração. Para as características de carcaça os animais apresentaram redução na espessura de toucinho e um aumento na área de olho de lombo até o nível de 13,5% de inclusão de FA. Quanto ao peso dos órgãos houve um aumento do peso do coração, fígado e rins. Conclui-se que é possível incluir o FA até o nível de 30%, sem afetar as características de desempenho na fase de crescimento, e de até 13,5% sem comprometer o rendimento de carcaças.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance, carcass characteristics and economic viability parameters in female pigs fed with different levels of cottonseed meal (CM) in the diets. Twenty-four crossbred female pigs were used, with live weight of 48.20 ± 5.44 kg (growth phase), and 87.62 ± 6.72 kg (finish phase). A completely randomized block design with four treatments (0%, 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion of cottonseed meal) was used with six replication, one animal per experimental unit. The performance parameters were not significant in the growth phase; the finish and total phase presented a reduction of weight gain and feed intake. For the carcass characteristics, the animals presented a reduction in backfat thickness, and an increase in the loin area up to 13.5% CM inclusion level. The organs showed weight increase for the heart, liver, and kidneys. It can be concluded that CM can be included in up to 30% without affecting the performance characteristics in the growth phase, and up to 13.5% without compromising the carcass characteristics.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar los parámetros de rendimiento, características de caparazón y la viabilidad económica de hembras porcinas alimentadas con diferentes niveles de inclusión de harina de algodón (HA) en las raciones. Se utilizaron veinticuatro hembras porcinas, con peso vivo promedio de 48,20 ± 5,44 kg (fase de crecimiento) y 87,62 ± 6,72 kg (fase de terminación). El diseño fue en bloques aleatorios, con cuatro tratamientos (0%, 10%, 20% y 30% de inclusión de harina de algodón), seis repeticiones, un animal por unidad experimental. En la fase de crecimiento, los parámetros de rendimiento no se vieron significativamente influenciados; en la fase de terminación y total, hubo una reducción en el aumento de peso y la ingesta de pienso. Para las características de caparazón, los animales mostraron una reducción en el espesor del tocino y un aumento en el área del ojo del lomo, hasta el nivel del 13,5% de la inclusión de HA. En cuanto al peso de los órganos, hubo un aumento en el peso del corazón, hígado y riñones. Se concluye que es posible incluir HA hasta el nivel de 30%, sin afectar las características de rendimiento en la fase de crecimiento, y de hasta un 13,5% sin comprometer el rendimiento de los caparazones.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros de desempenho, características de carcaças e viabilidade econômica de fêmeas suínas alimentadas com diferentes níveis de inclusão do farelo de algodão (FA) nas rações. Foram utilizadas 24 fêmeas suínas, com peso vivo médio de 48,20 ± 5,44 kg (fase de crescimento) e de 87,62 ± 6,72 kg (fase de terminação). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos (0%, 10%, 20% e 30% de inclusão de farelo de algodão), seis repetições, um animal por unidade experimental. Na fase de crescimento os parâmetros de desempenho não foram influenciados significativamente, na fase de terminação e total houve uma redução do ganho de peso e consumo de ração. Para as características de carcaça os animais apresentaram redução na espessura de toucinho e um aumento na área de olho de lombo até o nível de 13,5% de inclusão de FA. Quanto ao peso dos órgãos houve um aumento do peso do coração, fígado e rins. Conclui-se que é possível incluir o FA até o nível de 30%, sem afetar as características de desempenho na fase de crescimento, e de até 13,5% sem comprometer o rendimento de carcaças.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance, carcass characteristics and economic viability parameters in female pigs fed with different levels of cottonseed meal (CM) in the diets. Twenty-four crossbred female pigs were used, with live weight of 48.20 ± 5.44 kg (growth phase), and 87.62 ± 6.72 kg (finish phase). A completely randomized block design with four treatments (0%, 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion of cottonseed meal) was used with six replication, one animal per experimental unit. The performance parameters were not significant in the growth phase; the finish and total phase presented a reduction of weight gain and feed intake. For the carcass characteristics, the animals presented a reduction in backfat thickness, and an increase in the loin area up to 13.5% CM inclusion level. The organs showed weight increase for the heart, liver, and kidneys. It can be concluded that CM can be included in up to 30% without affecting the performance characteristics in the growth phase, and up to 13.5% without compromising the carcass characteristics.

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar los parámetros de rendimiento, características de caparazón y la viabilidad económica de hembras porcinas alimentadas con diferentes niveles de inclusión de harina de algodón (HA) en las raciones. Se utilizaron veinticuatro hembras porcinas, con peso vivo promedio de 48,20 ± 5,44 kg (fase de crecimiento) y 87,62 ± 6,72 kg (fase de terminación). El diseño fue en bloques aleatorios, con cuatro tratamientos (0%, 10%, 20% y 30% de inclusión de harina de algodón), seis repeticiones, un animal por unidad experimental. En la fase de crecimiento, los parámetros de rendimiento no se vieron significativamente influenciados; en la fase de terminación y total, hubo una reducción en el aumento de peso y la ingesta de pienso. Para las características de caparazón, los animales mostraron una reducción en el espesor del tocino y un aumento en el área del ojo del lomo, hasta el nivel del 13,5% de la inclusión de HA. En cuanto al peso de los órganos, hubo un aumento en el peso del corazón, hígado y riñones. Se concluye que es posible incluir HA hasta el nivel de 30%, sin afectar las características de rendimiento en la fase de crecimiento, y de hasta un 13,5% sin comprometer el rendimiento de los caparazones.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros de desempenho, características de carcaças e viabilidade econômica em fêmeas suínas alimentadas com diferentes níveis de inclusão do farelo de algodão (FA) nas rações. Foram utilizadas 24 fêmeas suínas, com peso vivo médio de 48,20 kg ± 5,44 (fase de crescimento) e de 87,62 ± 6,72 kg (fase de terminação). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos (0%, 10%, 20% e 30% de inclusão de farelo de algodão), seis repetições, um animal por unidade experimental. Na fase de crescimento os parâmetros de desempenho não foram influenciados significativamente, na fase de terminação e total houve uma redução do ganho de peso e consumo de ração. Para as características de carcaça os animais apresentaram redução na espessura de toucinho, e um aumento na área de olho de lombo até o nível de 13,5% de inclusão de FA. Quanto ao peso dos órgãos houve um aumento do peso do coração, fígado e rins. Conclui-se que é possível incluir o FA até o nível de 30%, sem afetar as características de desempenho na fase de crescimento, e de até 13,5% sem comprometer o rendimento de carcaças.

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate levels of inclusion of an enzyme complex (EC) in corn- and soybean meal-based diets for laying hens on the digestibility of nutrients and energy. A metabolism trial was conducted using 75 Dekalb Brown laying hens at 26 weeks of age, which were distributed into five treatments with five replicates in a completely randomized design. The ingredients used in the diets received an additional (enriched) 3% methionine, lysine, cysteine, threonine, tryptophan, and metabolizable energy and 33.3% phosphorus. Treatments consisted of diets including 0, 150, 200, 250, or 300 mg.kg‒1 EC. We determined apparent metabolizable energy (AME); nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn); apparent metabolizability coefficients of dry matter (DMAM), crude protein (CPAM), gross energy (GEAM), and phosphorus (PAM); digestible crude protein (CPD); and intake, retention, and excretion of phosphorus. No effects of EC levels were detected on the metabolizable energy values or digestibility coefficients, except for CPAM, which showed a quadratic response (maximum coefficient at 89.0 mg.kg‒1EC). A quadratic effect was also observed for CPD (minimum at 115 mg.kg‒1 EC), P excretion (maximum at 173.2 mg.kg‒1 EC), and P retention (maximum at 122.4 mg.kg‒1 EC) when EC was used. The use of the EC in corn- and soybean meal-based diets for laying hens improves their ileal digestibility of protein and apparent digestibility of phosphorus. However, EC addition to the diets does not affect AME, AMEn, or their metabolizability coefficients.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional and energy compositions of cottonseed meal (CM), with or without enzyme supplementation, for broilers at different ages. A total of 672 male Cobb 500 chickens were distributed into four metabolism and ileal-digestibility trials. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and six replicates. The following treatments were tested: a corn- and soybean meal-based control diet without enzymes; control diet with enzyme addition; control diet with 25% replaced by CM; and control diet with enzyme addition and 25% replaced by CM. The following variables were investigated: apparent metabolizable energy (AME); nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn); apparent metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, gross energy, phosphorus, and calcium; apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus; and digestible protein of CM. Enzyme supplementation did not affect the energy values of CM. The average values obtained in the pre-starter, starter, grower, and finisher phases were 2,958; 2,554; 1,676, and 1,963 kcal kg-1 for AME and 2,519; 2,282; 1,423, and 1,680 kcal kg-1 for AMEn, respectively. Enzyme addition improves the apparent digestibility coefficients of phosphorus and calcium of cottonseed meal in the grower phase. However, enzyme supplementation does not affect the ileal digestibility coefficients of these ingredients in broilers.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of including whole corn germ (WCG) on the performance; diet metabolizability; yields of carcass, cuts, and offal; and quality of meat of broilers. A total of 648 chicks were assigned to six treatments in a completely randomized design with six replicates, with 18 birds in each. Treatments consisted of a corn- and soybean meal-based control diet (0 g kg−1 WCG) and five test diets including WCG at the levels of 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 g kg−1. Birds and diets were weighed at each seven days to determine feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The partial collection methodology was employed to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn), and the apparent metabolizability coefficients of gross energy (AMCGE), dry matter (AMCDM), crude protein (AMCCP), and ether extract (AMCEE) of the diets. In the evaluation of meat quality, we analyzed the pH, cooking losses, shear force, water-holding capacity, color, and peroxide index of the meat. There was a difference for BWG and FCR in the total rearing period (1 to 42 days), for which optimum BWG was estimated as 2921 g/bird, with 118 g kg−1 inclusion of WCG. There was no difference for the AME, AMEn, and AMCCP of the diets, although AMCGE, AMCDM, and AMCEE declined as WCG was included. The increasing levels of WCG did not influence the yields of carcass and cuts or the meat quality. There was an increase in the yield of gizzard and proventriculus. Whole corn germ can be used at low levels in the diet of broilers without compromising their productive rates.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

This experiment was conducted to analyze the performance and carcass characteristics of European quail fed agroindustry residue of guava in substitution of corn. 140 birds were used, distributed in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of a control diet and four diets with levels of guava waste inclusion (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%) to a diet based on corn and soybean meal. There were no significant differences (P> 0.05) for the variables: weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, feed efficiency, weight and carcass yield and prime cuts (breast, drumstick and thigh) wings, back , neck, head, feet and foodstuffs organs (heart, liver and gizzard). The guava waste can be used as alternative ingredient in the diets of European quail in the period of 16-38 days of age, up to the level of 10% inclusion without depressing the performance and yield of poultry carcasses.(AU)

Este experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de analisar o desempenho e características de carcaça de codornas europeias alimentadas com resíduo da agroindústria da goiaba em substituição ao milho. Foram utilizadas 140 aves, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos consistiram em uma ração controle e  quatro rações com níveis de inclusão 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10,0% de farelo de goiaba em uma ração à base de milho e farelo de soja. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) para as variáveis: ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, eficiência alimentar, peso e rendimento de carcaça e cortes nobres (peito, coxa e sobre-coxa) asas, dorso, pescoço cabeça, pés e órgãos comestíveis (coração, fígado e moela). O farelo de goiaba pode ser utilizado como ingrediente alternativo nas dietas de codornas europeias, no período de 16 a 38 dias de idade, até o nível de 10% de inclusão, sem deprimir o desempenho produtivo e rendimento de carcaças das aves.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

title>Abstract: /title> p>This experiment was conducted to analyze the performance and carcass characteristics of European quail fed agroindustry residue of guava in substitution of corn. 140 birds were used, distributed in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of a control diet and four diets with levels of guava waste inclusion (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%) to a diet based on corn and soybean meal. There were no significant differences (P> 0.05) for the variables: weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, feed efficiency, weight and carcass yield and prime cuts (breast, drumstick and thigh) wings, back, neck, head, feet and foodstuffs organs (heart, liver and gizzard). The guava waste can be used as alternative ingredient in the diets of European quail in the period of 16-38 days of age, up to the level of 10% inclusion without depressing the performance and yield of poultry carcasses /p>

title>Resumo /title> p>Este experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de analisar o desempenho e características de carcaça de codornas europeias alimentadas com resíduo da agroindústria da goiaba em substituição ao milho. Foram utilizadas 140 aves, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos consistiram em uma ração controle e quatro rações com níveis de inclusão 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10,0% de farelo de goiaba em uma ração à base de milho e farelo de soja. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) para as variáveis: ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, eficiência alimentar, peso e rendimento de carcaça e cortes nobres (peito, coxa e sobre-coxa) asas, dorso, pescoço cabeça, pés e órgãos comestíveis (coração, fígado e moela). O farelo de goiaba pode ser utilizado como ingrediente alternativo nas dietas de codornas europeias, no período de 16 a 38 dias de idade, até o nível de 10% de inclusão, sem deprimir o desempenho produtivo e rendimento de carcaças das aves. /p>

RESUMO

This experiment was conducted to analyze the performance and carcass characteristics of European quail fed agroindustry residue of guava in substitution of corn. 140 birds were used, distributed in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of a control diet and four diets with levels of guava waste inclusion (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%) to a diet based on corn and soybean meal. There were no significant differences (P> 0.05) for the variables: weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, feed efficiency, weight and carcass yield and prime cuts (breast, drumstick and thigh) wings, back , neck, head, feet and foodstuffs organs (heart, liver and gizzard). The guava waste can be used as alternative ingredient in the diets of European quail in the period of 16-38 days of age, up to the level of 10% inclusion without depressing the performance and yield of poultry carcasses.

Este experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de analisar o desempenho e características de carcaça de codornas europeias alimentadas com resíduo da agroindústria da goiaba em substituição ao milho. Foram utilizadas 140 aves, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos consistiram em uma ração controle e  quatro rações com níveis de inclusão 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10,0% de farelo de goiaba em uma ração à base de milho e farelo de soja. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) para as variáveis: ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, eficiência alimentar, peso e rendimento de carcaça e cortes nobres (peito, coxa e sobre-coxa) asas, dorso, pescoço cabeça, pés e órgãos comestíveis (coração, fígado e moela). O farelo de goiaba pode ser utilizado como ingrediente alternativo nas dietas de codornas europeias, no período de 16 a 38 dias de idade, até o nível de 10% de inclusão, sem deprimir o desempenho produtivo e rendimento de carcaças das aves.

Assuntos

RESUMO

An outstanding feature of poultry production that provides animal protein yield for human feeding is its short production cycle. This characteristic has a linear relationship with waste production. Increasing the inclusion of this residue in diets in the near future is desirable in step with the growth of poultry production since it offers a better environmental and nutritional alternative to current methods. We evaluated the effects on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens produced by the inclusion of poultry offal meal (POM) in their feed. Treatments consisted of a control diet (corn, Zea mays and soybean, Glycine max) and four diets with inclusion of 30, 60, 90 and 120 g kg-1 of POM. The diets were formulated based on the level of digestible amino acid once categorized as isocalcic, isophosphoric, isosodic, isoenergetic and isonutritive for protein, methionine+cystine, lysine and threonine. The feed's electrolytes were corrected so that each diet had the same electrolytic balance. The variables analyzed were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, body weight, carcass yield, chicken cut yield and abdominal fat. Feed intake was not affected by the quantities of POM added. The weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and noble cuts presented quadratic responses to the treatments. Abdominal fat increased linearly. The performance of the poultry, and carcass characteristics were maximized by the inclusion of 53 and 65 g kg-1, respectively, of POM in the diet, and the inclusion of 120 g kg-1 of POM provided greater disposition of abdominal fat.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

An outstanding feature of poultry production that provides animal protein yield for human feeding is its short production cycle. This characteristic has a linear relationship with waste production. Increasing the inclusion of this residue in diets in the near future is desirable in step with the growth of poultry production since it offers a better environmental and nutritional alternative to current methods. We evaluated the effects on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens produced by the inclusion of poultry offal meal (POM) in their feed. Treatments consisted of a control diet (corn, Zea mays and soybean, Glycine max) and four diets with inclusion of 30, 60, 90 and 120 g kg-1 of POM. The diets were formulated based on the level of digestible amino acid once categorized as isocalcic, isophosphoric, isosodic, isoenergetic and isonutritive for protein, methionine+cystine, lysine and threonine. The feed's electrolytes were corrected so that each diet had the same electrolytic balance. The variables analyzed were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, body weight, carcass yield, chicken cut yield and abdominal fat. Feed intake was not affected by the quantities of POM added. The weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and noble cuts presented quadratic responses to the treatments. Abdominal fat increased linearly. The performance of the poultry, and carcass characteristics were maximized by the inclusion of 53 and 65 g kg-1, respectively, of POM in the diet, and the inclusion of 120 g kg-1 of POM provided greater disposition of abdominal fat.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The zoonotic potential to cause human and/or animal infections among multidrug-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli from avian origin was investigated. Twenty-seven extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli isolates containing the increased survival gene (iss) were obtained from the livers of healthy and diseased poultry carcasses at two slaughterhouses in Salvador, northeastern Brazil. The antimicrobial resistance-susceptibility profiles were conducted with antibiotics of avian and/or human use by the standardized disc-diffusion method. Antimicrobial resistance was higher for levofloxacin (51.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (70.4%), ampicillin (81.5%), cefalotin (88.8%), tetracycline (100%) and streptomycin (100%). The minimum inhibitory concentrations above the resistance breakpoints of doxycycline, neomycin, oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin reached, respectively, 88.0%, 100%, 75% and 91.7% of the isolates. Strains with high and low antimicrobial resistance were i.p. administered to Swiss mice, and histopathological examination was carried out seven days after infection. Resistance to goat and human serum complement was also evaluated. The results show that Swiss mice challenged with strain 2B (resistant to 11 antimicrobials) provoked a severe degeneration of hepatocytes besides lymphocytic infiltration in the liver, whereas the spleen showed areas of degeneration of the white and red pulp. Conversely, the spleen and liver of mice challenged with strain 4A (resistant to two antimicrobials) were morphologically preserved. In addition, complement resistance to goat and human serum was high for strain 2B and low for strain 4A. Our data show that multidrug resistance and pathogenesis can be correlated in extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains obtained from apparently healthy poultry carcasses, increasing the risk for human public healthy.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The zoonotic potential to cause human and/or animal infections among multidrug-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli from avian origin was investigated. Twenty-seven extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli isolates containing the increased survival gene (iss) were obtained from the livers of healthy and diseased poultry carcasses at two slaughterhouses in Salvador, northeastern Brazil. The antimicrobial resistance-susceptibility profiles were conducted with antibiotics of avian and/or human use by the standardized disc-diffusion method. Antimicrobial resistance was higher for levofloxacin (51.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (70.4%), ampicillin (81.5%), cefalotin (88.8%), tetracycline (100%) and streptomycin (100%). The minimum inhibitory concentrations above the resistance breakpoints of doxycycline, neomycin, oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin reached, respectively, 88.0%, 100%, 75% and 91.7% of the isolates. Strains with high and low antimicrobial resistance were i.p. administered to Swiss mice, and histopathological examination was carried out seven days after infection. Resistance to goat and human serum complement was also evaluated. The results show that Swiss mice challenged with strain 2B (resistant to 11 antimicrobials) provoked a severe degeneration of hepatocytes besides lymphocytic infiltration in the liver, whereas the spleen showed areas of degeneration of the white and red pulp. Conversely, the spleen and liver of mice challenged with strain 4A (resistant to two antimicrobials) were morphologically preserved. In addition, complement resistance to goat and human serum was high for strain 2B and low for strain 4A. Our data show that multidrug resistance and pathogenesis can be correlated in extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains obtained from apparently healthy poultry carcasses, increasing the risk for human public healthy.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this research study was to evaluate the effect of age on the apparent ileal digestibility coefficient of nutrients, gross energy and digestible energy of corn germ meal for broilers. Four digestibility trials were conducted using 280 broilers (Cobb 500) distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments and five replications, repeated at four ages (10, 20, 30 and 40 days). The number of birds used in the tests was 10, 8, 6 and 4 birds per experimental unit at the different ages. The results were analyzed considering as dependent variable the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and gross energy, digestible dry matter, digestible crude protein, lipid and digestible energy; and ages (10, 20, 30 and 40 days) as the independent variable. The results for the variables showed that bird age exerted influence only in the ileal digestibility of dry matter and gross energy. The digestible energy of corn germ meal increased by about 13 kcal kg-1 day-1 up to the evaluated age (40 days).

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o efeito da idade sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal aparente dos nutrientes, da energia bruta e os valores de energia digestível do gérmen integral de milho para frangos de corte. Quatro ensaios de digestibilidade foram realizados com 280 aves de corte (Cobb 500) distribuídas em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados consistiram das diferentes idades das aves: 10, 20, 30 e 40 dias. A quantidade de aves utilizadas nos ensaios foram: dez, oito, seis e quatro em cada unidade experimental, nas diferentes idades avaliadas, respectivamente. Os resultados foram analisados considerando-se como variável dependente a digestibilidade ileal aparente da matéria seca, da proteína bruta, do extrato etéreo e da energia bruta, matéria seca digestível, proteína bruta digestível, extrato etéreo digestível e energia digestível e como variável independente as idades (10, 20, 30 e 40 dias). Os resultados obtidos para as variáveis analisadas revelaram que a idade da ave exerceu influência apenas nos coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal da matéria seca e da energia bruta. A energia digestível do gérmen integral de milho aumentou cerca de 13 kcal kg-1 dia-1 até a idade avaliada (40 dias).

Assuntos