RESUMO
Licensed as well as candidate cholera vaccines available at the present requires the dose preparation (included buffer) at the moment of application. The aim of this work was to evaluate the presentation in oral tablets of an inactivated cholera vaccine to avoid that inconveniences during application. We have therefore compared inactivated cultures of Vibrio cholerae with tablets formulation vaccine. We obtained that antigenic activity (ELISA) and immunogenicity in animal model (ELISA and vibriocidal tests) of V. cholerae inactivated cell remained unaltered in the final tablet formulation. The results suggest that the oral tablet formulation could be a useful pharmaceutical form in order to produce a new and affordable cholera vaccine.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Cólera/administração & dosagem , Cólera/prevenção & controle , Administração Oral , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Vacinas contra Cólera/imunologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Modelos Animais , Coelhos , Comprimidos , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/administração & dosagem , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/imunologia , Vibrio cholerae/imunologiaRESUMO
Genetically modified Vibrio cholerae strain 638 (biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa) has previously been shown to be immunogenic in animal models and in human trials. Our objective in the work reported herein was to describe the process development methods for the production of the 638 attenuated cholera vaccine. Cell seed bank, culture of biomass, lyophilization and final formulation were processes were developed. The results show kinetics of culture that fulfils a logistical model. The microbiological properties, colonizing capability, immunogenicity and non-toxigenicity of the final product were indistinguishable from the properties of the working seed lot. We conclude that the non-reactogenic, immunogenic and protective strain 638 is robust and can withstand the fermentation processes required for large-scale production of a vaccine.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Cólera , Tecnologia Farmacêutica , Vibrio cholerae/imunologia , Animais , Cólera/prevenção & controle , Toxina da Cólera/análise , Vacinas contra Cólera/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra Cólera/imunologia , Indústria Farmacêutica , Fermentação , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Animais , Vacinas Atenuadas/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Vibrio cholerae/genética , Vibrio cholerae/patogenicidade , Vibrio cholerae/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To find the acceptance and efficacy of our protocol for exercises of the pelvic floor over short and long periods for women with urinary stress incontinence seen at our health centre. DESIGN: A prospective intervention study. SETTING: Marquesado Health Area: a rural zone to the east of Granada. PARTICIPANTS: 72 women between the ages of 20 and 65 with genuine urinary stress incontinence. INTERVENTION: Application of a pelvic physiotherapy procedure of two simple exercises. At the consultation with doctor and nurse on inclusion in the programme, a questionnaire was filled, the exercises were explained and an explanatory leaflet was given out. Nursing staff attended the women on days 1, 2, 7, 15, 25, 40 and 60. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: 72 women with genuine urinary stress incontinence were studied. Their ages ran from 20 to 65 (average 53). 55 women (76.3%) completed the treatment protocol at 60 days. Of these 55, 24 (43.8%) were dry at two months, 12 (21.1%) had improved, 18 (32.7%) experienced no change and 1 (1.8%) reported an increase in her incontinence. We assessed the amount of urine loss, by means of a continence apparatus and through the patients' subjective view. 67.7% of the women with slight incontinence were fully cured, whereas none of those with considerable incontinence were. CONCLUSIONS: Both the efficacy and efficacy of the protocol are highly satisfactory in our community. Our protocol is more efficacious for young women and those with little incontinence.
Assuntos
Terapia por Exercício/métodos , População Rural , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/reabilitação , Adulto , Idoso , Doença Crônica , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Indução de Remissão , Espanha , Fatores de Tempo , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To find the quantitative and qualitative features of urinary incontinence (UI) in an out-patient feminine population in our Health District. DESIGN: Crossover and observational study. PARTICIPANTS: Women between 20 and 65 years old who attended a PC on-demand clinic. INTERVENTION: A questionnaire and a clinical history. RESULTS: Eight PC doctors polled 502 female patients. 40.6% said they had urinary incontinence, the majority (70.3%) of these had stress incontinence. The starting age was between 30 and 51 in 60% of cases. 37.5% of the patients with UI said it had moderate or serious psycho-social repercussions, although only 11.4% had consulted the doctor. CONCLUSIONS: There is a broad range of difference on the prevalence of UI in the literature, which on the whole tends to minimise the problem, due to the diagnostic criteria and methods used. UI is an extremely serious health problem for women, with important repercussions on their quality of life, in spite of which patients do not seek medical help. We health-workers should make an effort to tackle this problem in this broad population-group.
Assuntos
População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Incontinência Urinária/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Estudia, como el subtitulo se dice, los aspectos historicos de la transfusión sanguínea y de la donación de sangre em Cuba; se analiza el desarrollo de una técnica y se reseña la labor de una fundación asistencial cubana a lo que hoy nuestro pueblo revolucionario mantiene con su conciencia entusiasta pero antes se hace una breve exposición histórica de todo el processo para que el lector teng conocimiento de cómo surgió y se desarrolló la transfusión sanguínea en el mundo. (AU)
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue/história , Bancos de Sangue/história , Cuba , Saúde Pública/históriaRESUMO
Los servicios hospitalres cubanos del pasado fueron centros que dejaram mucho que desear. La mayoría eram de iniciativa y sostenimiento privado. En este ensayo se oferece una relación sintética de todos los hospitales cubanos en el período comprendido entre el 1523 y el 1899. (AU)