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Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) can cause severe diarrhea and is a public health concern worldwide. Cattle are an important reservoir for this group of pathogens, and once introduced into the abattoir environment, these microorganisms can contaminate consumer products. This study aimed to characterize the distribution of DEC [Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)] from extensive and intensive cattle production systems in Brazil. Samples (n = 919) were collected from animal feces (n = 200), carcasses (n = 600), meat cuts (n = 90), employee feces (n = 9), and slaughterhouse water (n = 20). Virulence genes were detected by PCR in 10% of animal samples (94/919), with STEC (n = 81) as the higher prevalence, followed by EIEC (n = 8), and lastly EPEC (n = 5). Animals raised in an extensive system had a higher prevalence of STEC (average 48%, sd = 2.04) when compared to animals raised in an intensive system (23%, sd = 1.95) (Chi-square test, P < 0.001). From these animals, most STEC isolates only harbored stx2 (58%), and 7% were STEC LEE-positive isolates that were further identified as O157:H7. This study provides further evidence that cattle are potential sources of DEC, especially STEC, and that potentially pathogenic E. coli isolates are widely distributed in feces and carcasses during the slaughter process.

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This study aimed to evaluate the level of counting by indicator microorganisms, identify the microbial ecology, detect Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp., and determine the presence of virulence genes and biofilm formation. A total of 480 samples were collected from the surfaces of the equipment and utensils using sterile swabs for the detection of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. and counting mesophilic aerobes, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas sp. The microbial ecology was evaluated by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Genes for virulence and biofilm formation were analyzed and adhesion capacity was evaluated for L. monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. The mesophilic aerobe count was the highest in the dairy processing facility, followed by the pork and poultry slaughterhouses. L. monocytogenes was detected in all facilities, with the highest detection in the pork slaughterhouse, followed by the poultry and dairy facilities. Salmonella sp. was only detected in the dairy. Isolates of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. showed poor adhesion to polystyrene surfaces, virulence genes, and biofilm formation. The frequent contaminants in the slaughterhouses were Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Aeromonas in poultry, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Brevundimonas in pork, and Pseudomonas, Kocuria, and Staphylococcus in dairy. Our results provide useful information to understand the microbiological risks associated with contamination.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of ginger essential oil (GEO) and 6-gingerol on a multispecies biofilm formed by Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on a polypropylene surface. The minimum inhibitory concentration concentrations obtained for GEO were 100 and 50 mg/mL and for 6-gingerol 1.25 mg/mL. Sessile cell counts ranged within 5.35-7.35 log CFU/cm2 in the control biofilm, with the highest sessile growth at 72 h. GEO treatments acted on the total population regardless of concentration at 1 and 48 h. L. monocytogenes behaved similarly to the total population, showing GEO action at 1 h and keeping the same pattern at 48, 72, and 96 h. Better action on S. Typhimurium was obtained at times of 1, 72, and 96 h. P. aeruginosa showed logarithmic reduction only when treated with GEO 50 mg at 24 h. As for 6-gingerol, in general, there was no significant action (p > 0.05) on the evaluated sessile cells. GEO showed antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes, S. Typhimurium, and P. aeruginosa, acting as an inhibitor of biofilm formation. As for 6-gingerol, it was considered a possible antimicrobial agent but without efficacy during biofilm formation.

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Salmonella is present in the poultry production chain and is a major challenge in terms of food safety and animal health. The early Salmonella detection is one of the main tools to control and prevent the transmission of this pathogen. Microbiological isolation and serotyping to identify and differentiate Salmonella serovars are laborious processes, time-consuming, and expensive. Therefore, molecular diagnostic methods can be rapid and efficient alternatives to the detection of this pathogen. Thus, the aim herein was to standardize and evaluate the use of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in comparison with real-time PCR (qPCR) for detection of Salmonella associated with a multiplex qPCR for simultaneous identification and differentiation of S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Pullorum, and S. Gallinarum. The LAMP, qPCR, and multiplex qPCR assays were comparable in specificity. The three techniques were evaluated for specificity for 16 different serovars of Salmonella and for 37 strains of the serovars of interest. The limit of detection and the efficiency of the LAMP, qPCR, and multiplex qPCR reactions were determined. The techniques were applied to 33 samples of chicken carcasses and compared to the results of conventional microbiology for validation. As results, LAMP was specific in the detection of different Salmonella serovars but presented lower limit of detection ranging from 101 to 104 CFU/reaction. In comparison, qPCR could detect less cells (100 to 102 CFU/reaction), reaching equal specificity and better repeatability in the assays. The qPCR multiplexing for identification of the different serovars also showed good specificity, with the detection threshold between entre 101 and 102 CFU/reaction. The results obtained in the analyses on poultry carcasses suggested a correspondence between the results obtained in molecular methods and in conventional microbiology. Thus, the proposed assays are promising for the diagnosis of Salmonella in poultry carcasses, already proved to be faster and more efficient than conventional diagnostics techniques, being of great interest for poultry production, animal, and public health.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (EO) compared to peracetic acid (PA) regarding formation and elimination of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on polystyrene surface. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined according to standard protocol. Isolates were inoculated according to MIC standards polystyrene plate wells, which were then incubated at 37°C/96 hours for evaluation of biofilm formation. Regarding the evaluation of biofilm elimination, the biofilms were treated under MIC for 10 minutes. The MIC obtained were 2.0 and 3.0 mg mL-1 for EO and 0,015% for PA. Therefore, the results showed a reduction in the formation of biofilm with the presence of EO and PA, EO being more efficient (p < 0.05). Both compounds had a good capacity of eliminating biofilms, however the EO reduced the biofilm formation when compared to PA, highlighting its potential as an antibacterial agent and antibiofilm.(AU)

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The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of adenovirus (AdV), rotavirus (RV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in beef, pork, and chicken meat cuts in retail trade in the city of Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil. A total of 131 meat products were collected (beef, n = 55; chicken, n = 47; pork, n = 29) from 18 commercial establishments (supermarkets, n = 7; butchers, n = 7; markets/grocery stores, n = 4). All samples were evaluated for AdV, RV, and HEV. The genomes of RV and AdV were identified in 29% (n = 38) and 5.34% (n = 7) of the samples, respectively. HEV was not identified in any of the samples. Chicken cuts had a higher frequency of AdV and RV isolates compared to beef and pork (P < 0.05). Among the categories of commercial establishments evaluated, all revealed at least one positive sample for AdV and RV; however, supermarkets showed a higher frequency of RV than others (P < 0.05). The genetic material of AdV and RV was identified simultaneously in 2.29% (n = 3) of samples from supermarkets (n = 2) and grocery stores (n = 1). This is the first report on detection of enteric viruses in meat cuts in the western region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and the presence of AdV and RV in these products may indicate flaws during the process of handling these foods, especially in places where commercialization provides important public health issues.

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ABSTRACT: The traffic in international animal products can become a public health hazard when legal import sanitary procedures are not followed. In Brazil, due to its extensive border area, the importation of animal products is a common practice in many areas, especially in Rio Grande do Sul, a state that borders Argentina and Uruguay. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of veterinary drug residues (antibiotics and antiparasitics) in animal products consumed in Rio Grande do Sul. The presence of residues of veterinary antibiotics and antiparasitics was assessed in 189 meat (beef, pork, and chicken), processed dairy, and meat product samples bought in Argentina (n = 90) and Uruguay (n = 99). Residues of these veterinary drugs were detected in 50 (26.45%) of the samples; 28 samples (14.81%) had antibiotic residues, and 22 samples (11.64%) had antiparasitic residues. Of the 50 positive samples, 40% (15 from Argentina and 5 from Uruguay) had residues above the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Of these 20 samples, 12 had antiparasitic residues above the MRLs (11 beef samples had ivermectin and 1 pork sample had ivermectin and doramectin) and 8 had antibiotic residues above the MRLs (2 pork and 2 sausage samples had doxycycline, 2 cheese samples had doxycycline and chlortetracycline, 1 poultry meat sample had chloramphenicol, and 1 cheese sample had monensin). Because of the potential toxic effects on humans and the potential for pathogens to develop antibiotic resistance, the presence of these residues above the MRLs is a potential risk to public health. The negative impact of consumption of imported animal products can be reduced by implementation of an effective surveillance system and educational campaigns for the general population.

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Using an online questionnaire, this study evaluated the profile of a Brazilian population's food handling practices in the home environment. The questionnaire, containing questions about domestic behavior in terms of hygiene and food handling, was built and available through social media sites. Information about the participants' profiles, their food pre-preparation, food preparation, and food post-preparation practices, and the occurrence of foodborne diseases (FBDs) was included in the questionnaire. A total of 701 responses were obtained. The interviewees included 78.31% female participants and 21.68% male participants, with an average age of 31.2 years. Nearly all (94.3%) had a complete or incomplete higher education. In the pre-preparation stage, the participants evaluated the shelf life (97.28%) and storage temperature (44.79%) of the products while purchasing them. Regarding food handling practices, only a few participants washed the food packages before storing them (31.95%) or removed hand jewelry or other adornments when washing food (61.48%). Most participants washed their hands (91.58%) and washed vegetables (99.28%). But a group of interviewees reported washing raw meat (27.81%) before preparing it. Cutting surfaces such as plastic (50.36%) and glass (49.36%) tops were the most prevalent in the study. Most respondents did not know how long they had been using their cutting boards (67.62%) and mentioned using the same surface to handle both raw and ready-to-eat products (84.17%). As for the preparation, most interviewees declared they did not check the food temperature during preparation (86.31%), ignoring the ideal cooking temperature (88.26%). Regarding the occurrence of FBDs, 79.17% of the interviewees reported having suspicious clinical signs associated with contaminated foods and 65.59% did not seek medical help. Thus, the participants demonstrated ignorance about adequate practices for food safety in the home environment, highlighting the need to conduct health education programs within the Brazilian population.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil das práticas de manipulação de alimentos no ambiente domiciliar no Brasil utilizando um questionário online. Um questionário contendo perguntas sobre comportamento doméstico em nível de higiene e manipulação de alimentos foi construído e disponibilizado por redes sociais. O questionário continha informações sobre o perfil dos participantes, suas práticas de pré-preparo, preparo e pós-preparo de alimentos e a ocorrência de doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTA). Obteve-se 701 respostas, os entrevistados foram 78,31% do sexo feminino e 21,68% do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 31,2 anos. A maioria (94,3%) possuia ensino superior completo ou incompleto. Na etapa de pré-preparo, os participantes avaliam o prazo de validade (97,28%) e a temperatura de armazenamento (44,79%) dos produtos no momento da compra. Em relação às práticas de manipulação dos alimentos, apenas alguns participantes lavavam as embalagens dos alimentos antes de armazená-los (31,95%) ou retiravam adornos ao lavar os alimentos (61,48%). A maioria dos participantes lavam as mãos (91,58%) e os vegetais (99,28%); entretanto, um grupo de entrevistados relatou lavar carne crua (27,81%) antes de prepará-la. Superfícies de corte como tábuas de plástico (50,36%) e de vidro (49,36%) foram os mais prevalentes no estudo. A maioria dos entrevistados não sabe há quanto tempo usa as tábuas de corte (67,62%) e utilizam a mesma superfície para manusear produtos crus e prontos para o consumo (84,17%). Quanto ao preparo, a maioria dos entrevistados declarou não verificar a temperatura dos alimentos durante o preparo (86,31%), ignorando a temperatura ideal de cozimento (88,26%). Em relação à ocorrência de DVA, 79,17% dos entrevistados relataram que já apresentaram sinais clínicos suspeitos associados a alimentos contaminados e 65,59% não procuraram atendimento médico. Nesse sentido, os participantes demonstraram desconhecimento sobre as práticas adequadas para a segurança dos alimentos no ambiente domiciliar, evidenciando a necessidade de realização de programas de educação em saúde com a população brasileira.(AU)

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Las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos (DTA) se definen como enfermedades infecciosas o tóxicas causadas por el consumo de alimentos o agua contaminados. Hoy en día, se consideran uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial. En el contexto de los DTA, la higiene personal y la manipulación inadecuada de los alimentos en el entorno doméstico se han identificado como un factor de riesgo importante para los brotes. A partir de estas consideraciones este proyecto de extensión universitária fue creado para instruir a los niños en edad escolar sobre la importancia de la higiene personal y el manejo adecuado de los alimentos, para que difundan información a sus padres y familiares. El proyecto de extensión univertirária se aplicó en una escuela municipal del municipio de Botucatu-SP y llegó a 491 niños de 5 a 11 años. Las actividades se aplicaron en tres acciones prioritarias, a saber: 1) Conferencia introductoria lúdica e interactiva; 2) Gincana de juegos y actividades de entrenamiento práctico y; 3) Entrega de certificados de participación y cartilla con información y juegos centrados en los temas tratados, con el fin de permitir la difusión de información a familiares y amigos de los participantes. Los estudiantes mostraron un gran interés por el tema, destacando la importancia de este enfoque en las escuelas. Se logró, por tanto, promover la educación...(AU)

Foodborne illnesses are any infectious or toxic diseases resulting from the consumption of contaminated food or water. They are currently considered one of the top public health issues worldwide. Inadequate personal hygiene and food handling in the family environment have been identified as major risk factors for the occurrence of outbreaks. In view of this, the current research aimed to educate school-age children in terms of the importance of proper personal hygiene and food handling, so that these considerations are spread out to their household. The present extension project was carried out at a municipal school in the city of Botucatu-SP and included 491 children ranging from 5 to 11 years old. The activities focused on three priority actions: 1) entertaining and interactive introductory lectures; 2) gymkhana with playful and educational activities; 3) provision of participation certificates and a brochure with informative games related to the topics previously discussed, so that the newly acquired knowledge could be spread out to the child's friends and relatives. The students demonstrated deep interest over this theme, which emphasizes the importance of the current approach in schools. Therefore, health education was pleasantly promoted, contributing to prevent diseases related to the lack of personal hygiene and improper food handling.(AU)

As doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTAs) são definidas como enfermidades infecciosas ou tóxicas causadas pelo consumo de alimentos ou água contaminados. Na atualidade, são consideradas um dos maiores problemas mundiais de saúde pública. Dentro do contexto das DTAs, a higiene pessoal e a manipulação inadequada de alimentos no ambiente doméstico têm sido apontadas como importantes fatores de risco para a ocorrência de surtos. Baseado nestas considerações, o presente projeto de extensão universitária foi desenvolvido no intuito de instruir crianças em idade escolar sobre a importância da higiene pessoal e da manipulação adequada de alimentos, de modo que estas disseminem a informação a seus pais e familiares. O projeto foi instituido em uma escola pública do município de Botucatu-SP e atingiu 491 crianças de 5 a 11 anos. As atividades foram aplicadas em três ações prioritárias, sendo elas: 1) Palestra introdutória lúdica e interativa; 2) Gincana com brincadeiras e atividades formativas práticas e; 3) Entrega de certificados de participação e uma cartilha contendo informações e jogos com enfoque nos assuntos abordados, de modo a possibilitar a disseminação das informações para os familiares e amigos dos participantes. Os alunos demonstraram grande interesse pelo assunto, enfatizando a importância dessa abordagem nas escolas. Foi possível promover, portando, educação em saúde de...(AU)

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Many infants are nurtured with milk supplied by human banks, whose bacteriological and physical-chemical profiles are a major issue. We investigated the bacteriological and physical-chemical characteristics, as well as genotypic and phenotypic and profiles of Staphylococcus species isolated from 240 samples of breast milk from a bank in a teaching hospital. Dornic acidity of milk revealed that 95.4% (229/240) had acceptable limits (< 8.0 oD). Caloric intake showed a wide variation in cream content (4%), fat (4%) and energy values (559.81 Kcal/L). Staphylococcus (105/186 or 56.5%) and Enterobacter (25/186 or 13.4%) were the most prevalent genera, although other microorganisms were identified, including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (125/157 or 79.6%), vancomycin (115/157 or 73.2%), and cephalexin (112/157 or 71.3%) were the most effective antimicrobials. High resistance rates of isolates were found to penicillin G (141/157 or 89.8%), ampicillin (135/157 or 86%), and oxacillin (118/157 or 75.2%). Multidrug resistance to ≥ 3 antimicrobials occurred in 66.2% (123/186) of the isolates. Residues of microbial multiplication inhibitory substances were found in 85% (204/240) of samples. Among the coagulase-positive-CPS and negative-CoNS staphylococci, the mecA gene was detected in 53.3% (8/15) and 75% (30/40), respectively. Genes sea, seb and sec were detected in 20% (3/15) of CPS, while tsst-1 was detected in 13.34% (2/15). In addition, 13.3% (2/15) of S. aureus were toxin-producers. Genes sea, seb and sec were detected in 90% (36/40), 5% (2/40) and 15% (6/40) CoNS, respectively. Enterotoxin production was identified in 5% (2/40) of CoNS. The identification of multidrug-resistant bacteria, staphylococci species toxin-producers harboring methicillin-resistance genes, and residues of microbial multiplication inhibitory substances reinforce the need for a continuous vigilance of milk quality offered to infant consumption by human banks.

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Objetivou-se, neste estudo, analisar as principais causas de condenação total de carcaças de frangos de corte em frigoríficos sob o Serviço de Inspeção Federal no Paraná, no período de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2018. Foram analisados os registros de abate, obtidos através do Sistema de Informações Gerenciais do Serviço de Inspeção Federal, e os relatórios de condenações por meio do Sistema Eletrônico do Serviço de Informação ao Cidadão. As principais causas de condenação, registradas no período em estudo foram aspecto repugnante (28,7%), contaminação (19,3%), síndrome ascítica (11%) e escaldagem excessiva (9,6%). 65,5 % das condenações das carcaças foram de origem não patológica, identificadas como tecnopatias.(AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the main causes of total condemnation of broiler carcasses in slaughterhouses under the Federal Inspection Service in Paraná, from January 2017 to December 2018. The slaughter records obtained through Management Information System of the Federal Inspection Service, and reports of convictions through the Electronic System of the Citizen Information Service. The main causes of condemnation recorded in the study period were disgusting aspects (28.7%), contamination (19.3%), ascitic syndrome (11%) and excessive scalding (9.6%). 65,5 % of carcass convictions were of non-pathological origin and were identified as technopathies.(AU)

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Las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos (DTA) se definen como enfermedades infecciosas o tóxicas causadas por el consumo de alimentos o agua contaminados. Hoy en día, se consideran uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial. En el contexto de los DTA, la higiene personal y la manipulación inadecuada de los alimentos en el entorno doméstico se han identificado como un factor de riesgo importante para los brotes. A partir de estas consideraciones este proyecto de extensión universitária fue creado para instruir a los niños en edad escolar sobre la importancia de la higiene personal y el manejo adecuado de los alimentos, para que difundan información a sus padres y familiares. El proyecto de extensión univertirária se aplicó en una escuela municipal del municipio de Botucatu-SP y llegó a 491 niños de 5 a 11 años. Las actividades se aplicaron en tres acciones prioritarias, a saber: 1) Conferencia introductoria lúdica e interactiva; 2) Gincana de juegos y actividades de entrenamiento práctico y; 3) Entrega de certificados de participación y cartilla con información y juegos centrados en los temas tratados, con el fin de permitir la difusión de información a familiares y amigos de los participantes. Los estudiantes mostraron un gran interés por el tema, destacando la importancia de este enfoque en las escuelas. Se logró, por tanto, promover la educación...

Foodborne illnesses are any infectious or toxic diseases resulting from the consumption of contaminated food or water. They are currently considered one of the top public health issues worldwide. Inadequate personal hygiene and food handling in the family environment have been identified as major risk factors for the occurrence of outbreaks. In view of this, the current research aimed to educate school-age children in terms of the importance of proper personal hygiene and food handling, so that these considerations are spread out to their household. The present extension project was carried out at a municipal school in the city of Botucatu-SP and included 491 children ranging from 5 to 11 years old. The activities focused on three priority actions: 1) entertaining and interactive introductory lectures; 2) gymkhana with playful and educational activities; 3) provision of participation certificates and a brochure with informative games related to the topics previously discussed, so that the newly acquired knowledge could be spread out to the child's friends and relatives. The students demonstrated deep interest over this theme, which emphasizes the importance of the current approach in schools. Therefore, health education was pleasantly promoted, contributing to prevent diseases related to the lack of personal hygiene and improper food handling.

As doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTAs) são definidas como enfermidades infecciosas ou tóxicas causadas pelo consumo de alimentos ou água contaminados. Na atualidade, são consideradas um dos maiores problemas mundiais de saúde pública. Dentro do contexto das DTAs, a higiene pessoal e a manipulação inadequada de alimentos no ambiente doméstico têm sido apontadas como importantes fatores de risco para a ocorrência de surtos. Baseado nestas considerações, o presente projeto de extensão universitária foi desenvolvido no intuito de instruir crianças em idade escolar sobre a importância da higiene pessoal e da manipulação adequada de alimentos, de modo que estas disseminem a informação a seus pais e familiares. O projeto foi instituido em uma escola pública do município de Botucatu-SP e atingiu 491 crianças de 5 a 11 anos. As atividades foram aplicadas em três ações prioritárias, sendo elas: 1) Palestra introdutória lúdica e interativa; 2) Gincana com brincadeiras e atividades formativas práticas e; 3) Entrega de certificados de participação e uma cartilha contendo informações e jogos com enfoque nos assuntos abordados, de modo a possibilitar a disseminação das informações para os familiares e amigos dos participantes. Os alunos demonstraram grande interesse pelo assunto, enfatizando a importância dessa abordagem nas escolas. Foi possível promover, portando, educação em saúde de...

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary quality of lamb meat sold in the city of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) by counting the indicator microorganisms and detecting pathogens such as Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Thirty-nine lamb meat samples were collected from 10 commercial establishments in Uruguaiana. The samples were subjected to counts of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms and enterobacteria, and to the detection of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes, all following standard methods. The average counts of mesophilic microorganisms and enterobacteria were 6.08 log CFU/g (minimum 4.07 and max 6.87) and 4.73 log CFU/g (minimum 0 and max 5.88), respectively. For pathogens, L. monocytogenes was isolated from five samples (12.82%), with three samples in the same location. Only two samples (5.13%) were positive for Salmonella spp. The results demonstrated unsatisfactory hygienic-sanitary conditions because high counts of pathogens such as Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes. The counts of enterobacteria showed poor hygiene conditions during the various stages of production. The results also indicated fecal contamination, as Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes are present in the intestinal tract of both humans and animals. The high count of mesophilic microorganisms obtained could be owing to contaminated raw material or unsatisfactory processing, including unsanitary conditions and the inappropriate use of binomial time/temperature during storage.

O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade higiênico-sanitária da carne de cordeiro comercializada na cidade de Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) através da contagem dos microrganismos indicadores e detecção de patógenos como Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes. Trinta e nove amostras de carne de cordeiro foram coletadas em 10 estabelecimentos comerciais em Uruguaiana. As amostras foram submetidas a contagens de microrganismos aeróbios mesofilos e enterobactérias e à detecção de Salmonella spp. e L. monocytogenes, todas seguindo metodologias padrão. As contagens médias de microrganismos mesófilos e enterobactérias foram 6,08 log UFC/g (mínimo 4,07 e máximo 6,87) e 4,73 log UFC/g (mínimo 0 e máximo 5,88), respectivamente. Para os patógenos, L. monocytogenes foi isolado de cinco amostras (12,82%), com três amostras no mesmo local. Apenas duas (5,13%) foram positivas para Salmonella spp. Os resultados demonstraram condições higiênico-sanitárias insatisfatórias, baseado nas altas contagens de patógenos como Salmonella spp. e L. monocytogenes. As contagens de enterobactérias indicaram más condições de higiene durante as várias etapas de produção. Os resultados também indicaram contaminação fecal, uma vez que Salmonella spp. e L. monocytogenes estão presentes no trato intestinal de humanos e animais. A alta contagem de microrganismos mesófilos obtidos pode ser devida a matéria-prima contaminada ou processamento insatisfatório, incluindo condições insalubres e uso inadequado do binômio tempo/temperatura durante o armazenamento.

RESUMO

Pattern minas cheese is a product developed with pasteurized milk, fermented with mesophilic cultures, and with the final addition of rennet. This cheese undergoes an artisanal maturation process and possesses a firm shell of yellowish color and striking and acidic flavor. Our study objective was to evaluate the microbiological quality of pattern minas cheese. We collected 40 samples from two micro regions (Uberlândia and Patos de Minas) of the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba mesor regions of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The microbiological test results were recorded as counts of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, coliforms at 35°C, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp. In the Patos de Minas micro region, the results were 45%, 35%, 20%, and 20% higher than 103 CFU/g for the counts of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, coliforms at 35°C, and Staphylococcus coagulase-positive, respectively. Five percent of the analyzed samples were positive for Salmonella spp. in the Uberlândia micro region. Based on the findings of the microbiota in the cheese analyzed from the micro regions (Uberlândia and Patos de Minas), we concluded that the hygiene conditions in the manufacturing, handling, transport, and storage stages were precarious, requiring the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) systems, including Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP).(AU)

O queijo minas padrão é um produto elaborado com leite pasteurizado, fermentado com culturas mesófilas e adição de coalho. Esse queijo passa por um processo de maturação artesanal, possui uma casca firme de cor amarelada e sabor ácido. O presente trabalho avaliou a qualidade microbiológica de queijo minas padrão comercializado em duas microrregiões (Uberlândia e Patos de Minas) da mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram examinadas 40 amostras de queijo. Os ensaios microbiológicos foram contagens de enterobactérias, Escherichia coli, coliformes a 35 oC, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Na microrregião de Patos de Minas, os resultados foram de 45%, 35%, 20% e 20% superiores a 103 CFU/g para as contagens de enterobactérias, Escherichia coli, coliformes a 35oC e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, respectivamente. Cinco por cento das amostras analisadas foram positivas à pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Considerando a microrregião analisada (Uberlândia e Patos de Minas), a conclusão obtida foi que na região estudada, as condições de higiene nas etapas de fabricação, manuseio, transporte e armazenamento do queijo minas padrão são precárias, sendo necessária a implementação de sistemas de Boas Práticas de Fabricação (GMP), incluindo Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (HACCP).(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivou-se, neste estudo, analisar as principais causas de condenação total de carcaças de frangos de corte em frigoríficos sob o Serviço de Inspeção Federal no Paraná, no período de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2018. Foram analisados os registros de abate, obtidos através do Sistema de Informações Gerenciais do Serviço de Inspeção Federal, e os relatórios de condenações por meio do Sistema Eletrônico do Serviço de Informação ao Cidadão. As principais causas de condenação, registradas no período em estudo foram aspecto repugnante (28,7%), contaminação (19,3%), síndrome ascítica (11%) e escaldagem excessiva (9,6%). 65,5 % das condenações das carcaças foram de origem não patológica, identificadas como tecnopatias.(AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the main causes of total condemnation of broiler carcasses in slaughterhouses under the Federal Inspection Service in Paraná, from January 2017 to December 2018. The slaughter records obtained through Management Information System of the Federal Inspection Service, and reports of convictions through the Electronic System of the Citizen Information Service. The main causes of condemnation recorded in the study period were disgusting aspects (28.7%), contamination (19.3%), ascitic syndrome (11%) and excessive scalding (9.6%). 65,5 % of carcass convictions were of non-pathological origin and were identified as technopathies.(AU)

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RESUMO

This study evaluated the sanitary hygienic quality and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in raw meats and fresh sausages marketed in the city of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. We analyzed 238 samples of fresh sausages, beef, pork, and chicken from 18 commercial establishments (butchers, supermarkets, and groceries). Samples were subjected to enumerate hygiene indicator microorganisms (mesophilic aerobes and enterobacteria) and detection of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. The mean counts of mesophilic aerobes and enterobacteria were 5.09 and 3.54 log CFU/g, respectively. Beef samples presented the highest frequency of Salmonella spp. (7.93%) and fresh sausages present the highest frequency of L. monocytogenes (19.04%). Among the analyzed samples, 43.70% did not comply with the microbiological parameters established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The presence of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes in different samples and commercial establishments demonstrate the failures of good manufacturing practices in industrial environmental and retails points and the need to train food handlers to reduce the exposure of consumers to potential risks.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade higiênica sanitária e a presença de microrganismos patogênicos em carnes in natura e linguiças frescais comercializadas na cidade de Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. Foram analisadas 238 amostras de linguiças, carne bovina, suína e de frango de 18 estabelecimentos comerciais (açougues, supermercados e mercearias). As amostras foram submetidas à enumeração de microrganismos indicadores de higiene (aeróbios mesófilos e enterobactérias) e detecção de Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes. As contagens médias de aeróbios mesófilos e enterobactérias foram 5,09 e 3,54 log UFC/g, respectivamente. Salmonella spp. esteve presente mais frequentemente em amostras de carne bovina (4,91 %), enquanto L. monocytogenes foi mais frequente em linguiças frescais (19,04 %). Das amostras analisadas, 43,70 % não atenderam aos parâmetros microbiológicos estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde. A presença de Salmonella spp. e L. monocytogenes em diferentes amostras e estabelecimentos comerciais demonstra falhas de boas práticas de fabricação na indústria e pontos de venda, além da necessidade de treinar manipuladores de alimentos para reduzir a exposição dos consumidores à riscos.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Pattern minas cheese is a product developed with pasteurized milk, fermented with mesophilic cultures, and with the final addition of rennet. This cheese undergoes an artisanal maturation process and possesses a firm shell of yellowish color and striking and acidic flavor. Our study objective was to evaluate the microbiological quality of pattern minas cheese. We collected 40 samples from two micro regions (Uberlândia and Patos de Minas) of the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba mesor regions of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The microbiological test results were recorded as counts of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, coliforms at 35°C, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp. In the Patos de Minas micro region, the results were 45%, 35%, 20%, and 20% higher than 103 CFU/g for the counts of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, coliforms at 35°C, and Staphylococcus coagulase-positive, respectively. Five percent of the analyzed samples were positive for Salmonella spp. in the Uberlândia micro region. Based on the findings of the microbiota in the cheese analyzed from the micro regions (Uberlândia and Patos de Minas), we concluded that the hygiene conditions in the manufacturing, handling, transport, and storage stages were precarious, requiring the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) systems, including Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP).(AU)

O queijo minas padrão é um produto elaborado com leite pasteurizado, fermentado com culturas mesófilas e adição de coalho. Esse queijo passa por um processo de maturação artesanal, possui uma casca firme de cor amarelada e sabor ácido. O presente trabalho avaliou a qualidade microbiológica de queijo minas padrão comercializado em duas microrregiões (Uberlândia e Patos de Minas) da mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram examinadas 40 amostras de queijo. Os ensaios microbiológicos foram contagens de enterobactérias, Escherichia coli, coliformes a 35 oC, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Na microrregião de Patos de Minas, os resultados foram de 45%, 35%, 20% e 20% superiores a 103 CFU/g para as contagens de enterobactérias, Escherichia coli, coliformes a 35oC e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, respectivamente. Cinco por cento das amostras analisadas foram positivas à pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Considerando a microrregião analisada (Uberlândia e Patos de Minas), a conclusão obtida foi que na região estudada, as condições de higiene nas etapas de fabricação, manuseio, transporte e armazenamento do queijo minas padrão são precárias, sendo necessária a implementação de sistemas de Boas Práticas de Fabricação (GMP), incluindo Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (HACCP).(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the sanitary hygienic quality and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in raw meats and fresh sausages marketed in the city of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. We analyzed 238 samples of fresh sausages, beef, pork, and chicken from 18 commercial establishments (butchers, supermarkets, and groceries). Samples were subjected to enumerate hygiene indicator microorganisms (mesophilic aerobes and enterobacteria) and detection of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. The mean counts of mesophilic aerobes and enterobacteria were 5.09 and 3.54 log CFU/g, respectively. Beef samples presented the highest frequency of Salmonella spp. (7.93%) and fresh sausages present the highest frequency of L. monocytogenes (19.04%). Among the analyzed samples, 43.70% did not comply with the microbiological parameters established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The presence of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes in different samples and commercial establishments demonstrate the failures of good manufacturing practices in industrial environmental and retails points and the need to train food handlers to reduce the exposure of consumers to potential risks.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade higiênica sanitária e a presença de microrganismos patogênicos em carnes in natura e linguiças frescais comercializadas na cidade de Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. Foram analisadas 238 amostras de linguiças, carne bovina, suína e de frango de 18 estabelecimentos comerciais (açougues, supermercados e mercearias). As amostras foram submetidas à enumeração de microrganismos indicadores de higiene (aeróbios mesófilos e enterobactérias) e detecção de Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes. As contagens médias de aeróbios mesófilos e enterobactérias foram 5,09 e 3,54 log UFC/g, respectivamente. Salmonella spp. esteve presente mais frequentemente em amostras de carne bovina (4,91 %), enquanto L. monocytogenes foi mais frequente em linguiças frescais (19,04 %). Das amostras analisadas, 43,70 % não atenderam aos parâmetros microbiológicos estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde. A presença de Salmonella spp. e L. monocytogenes em diferentes amostras e estabelecimentos comerciais demonstra falhas de boas práticas de fabricação na indústria e pontos de venda, além da necessidade de treinar manipuladores de alimentos para reduzir a exposição dos consumidores à riscos.

RESUMO

O Nariz Eletrônico é um equipamento de análise de odores empregado em diversas áreas, como em análise de alimentos e controle ambiental. Sua função consiste em mimetizar o nariz humano por meio de sensores que reagem com componentes voláteis e gases liberados de uma amostra, resultando na modificação de um circuito elétrico que é interpretada por um software. O seu uso na análise de alimentos é promissor devido a sua facilidade de manuseio, baixo custo e rapidez, indicando benefícios para a rotina industrial e laboratorial. Sua aplicabilidade abrange a detecção de fraudes, deterioração, contaminações e sabores/odores, viabilizando a avaliação da qualidade de diversos produtos, além de discriminar patógenos e deteriorantes de alimentos. Apesar de promissora, esta tecnologia é considerada nova, necessitando de estudos mais aprofundados para que seja amplamente utilizado na rotina de análise de alimentos. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é fornecer uma revisão de literatura relacionada à aplicabilidade do e-nose na análise de alimentos.(AU)

The Electronic Nose is an odor detector equipment used in several areas, as in food analysis and environmental control. It consists of mimicking the human nose, through sensors that react with volatile components and sample gases, resulting in the modification of an electrical circuit that is interpreted by a software. It has been increasingly studied for food analysis, due to its ease of handling, low cost and rapid testing, indicating benefits for the industrial and laboratory routine. Its applicability in food embraces the detection of fraud, deterioration, contamination and flavors/odors, which enables the evaluation of the quality of several products, in addition to discriminating pathogens and food spoilers. Although promising, this is a new technology, requiring further studies to be used in the routine of food analysis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a review related to the application of e-nose in food analysis.(AU)

La nariz electrónica es un equipo de análisis de olores que se utiliza en varias áreas, como el análisis de alimentos y el control ambiental. Su función es imitar la nariz humana a través de sensores que reaccionan concomponentes volátiles y gases liberados de una muestra, dando como resultado la modificación de un circuito eléctrico que es interpretado por software. Su uso en el análisis de alimentos es prometedor debido a su facilidad de manejo, bajo costo y rapidez,lo que indica beneficios para la rutina industrial y de laboratorio. Su aplicabilidad abarca la detección de fraudes, deterioro, contaminación y sabores/olores, permitiendo la evaluación de la calidad de diversos productos, además de discriminar patógenos y deteriorantes alimentarios. Aunque prometedor, esta tecnología se consideró nueva y requirió estudios más profundos para que sea ampliamente utilizada en la rutina del análisis de alimentos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es proporcionar una revisión de la literatura relacionada con la aplicabilidad de la e-nose en el análisis de alimentos.(AU)

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Anualmente, adoecem em média 600 milhões de pessoas por contaminação alimentar no mundo. As doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTAs) representam um importante impacto à saúde pública, além de causarem prejuízo à economia do país por meio de custos diretos e indiretos. Devido ao contato direto, os manipuladores de alimentos (MA) favorecem a contaminação alimentar. Portanto, eles desempenham um papel importante na segurança e na preservação dos produtos alimentares. As boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos (BPMA) contribuem para a produção alimentar livre de microrganismos patogênicos. Por isso, torna-se essencial a qualificação técnica dos manipuladores, por meio de cursos de BPMA, a fim de garantir a qualidade higiênico-sanitária dos alimentos. No âmbito geral, é grande a necessidade de aprimorar a capacitação dos MA para que adquiram hábitos higiênico-sanitários adequados e melhorar a qualidade dos produtos e serviços. Com o objetivo de destacar a importância de um curso de capacitação de BPMA de estabelecimentos de alimentação, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico utilizando os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde, com as seguintes palavras-chave: boas práticas de manipulação, DTA, capacitação em boas práticas. Como o MA desempenha um papel importante para a saúde coletiva, espera-se que, com os temas sugeridos para o curso, o profissional possa implementar os ensinamentos de BPMA em suas atividades, contribuindo positivamente para a saúde pública e trazendo satisfação aos clientes de forma lucrativa para o empreendimento.(AU)

Every year, an average of 600 million people get sick from food contamination worldwide. Foodborne diseases (FBDs) have a major impact on public health and cause damage to the countrys economy through direct and indirect costs. Due to direct contact, food handlers (FH) favor food contamination. Therefore, they play an important role in the safety and preservation of food products. Good food handling practices (GFHP) contribute to food production free of pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, the technical qualification of the handlers is essential in order to guarantee the hygienic-sanitary quality of the food. In general, there is a great need to improve FHs training to acquire adequate hygienic-sanitary habits and to improve the quality of products and services. In order to highlight the importance of a GFHP training course in food establishments, a bibliographic survey was conducted, using Health Sciences Descriptors, with the following keywords: good handling practices, FBD, good practices training. Since the FH plays an important role in public health, it is hoped that with the topics suggested for the course, they can implement the GFHP training in their activities, positively contributing to public health and improving customer satisfaction and profitability.(AU)

Cada año, un promedio de 600 millones de personas se enferman por contaminación de alimentos en el mundo. Las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos (ETA) tienen un gran impacto en la salud pública, además de dañar la economía del país a través de costos directos e indirectos. Debido al contacto directo, los manipuladores de alimentos (MA) favorecen la contaminación alimentaria. Por lo tanto, desempeñan un papel importante en la seguridad y conservación de los productos alimenticios. Las buenas prácticas de manipulación de alimentos (BPMA) contribuyen a la producción de alimentos libres de microorganismos patógenos. Por lo tanto, la calificación técnica de los manipuladores se vuelve esencial para garantizar la calidad higiénico sanitaria de los alimentos. En general, existe una gran necesidad de mejorar la capacidad de los MA para adquirir hábitos higiénicos y sanitarios adecuados y mejorar la calidad de los productos y servicios. Para resaltar la importancia de un curso de capacitación BPMA en establecimientos de alimentos, se realizó una encuesta bibliográfica, utilizando los Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud, con las palabras clave: buenas prácticas de manipulación, ETA, capacitación en buenas prácticas. Dado que el manipulador desempeña un papel importante para la salud pública, se espera que con los temas sugeridos para el curso, el MA pueda implementar las enseñanzas de BPMA en sus actividades, contribuyendo positivamente a la salud pública y brindando satisfacción a los clientes de forma rentable a la empresa.(AU)

Assuntos