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Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) can cause severe diarrhea and is a public health concern worldwide. Cattle are an important reservoir for this group of pathogens, and once introduced into the abattoir environment, these microorganisms can contaminate consumer products. This study aimed to characterize the distribution of DEC [Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)] from extensive and intensive cattle production systems in Brazil. Samples (n = 919) were collected from animal feces (n = 200), carcasses (n = 600), meat cuts (n = 90), employee feces (n = 9), and slaughterhouse water (n = 20). Virulence genes were detected by PCR in 10% of animal samples (94/919), with STEC (n = 81) as the higher prevalence, followed by EIEC (n = 8), and lastly EPEC (n = 5). Animals raised in an extensive system had a higher prevalence of STEC (average 48%, sd = 2.04) when compared to animals raised in an intensive system (23%, sd = 1.95) (Chi-square test, P < 0.001). From these animals, most STEC isolates only harbored stx2 (58%), and 7% were STEC LEE-positive isolates that were further identified as O157:H7. This study provides further evidence that cattle are potential sources of DEC, especially STEC, and that potentially pathogenic E. coli isolates are widely distributed in feces and carcasses during the slaughter process.

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This study aimed to evaluate the level of counting by indicator microorganisms, identify the microbial ecology, detect Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp., and determine the presence of virulence genes and biofilm formation. A total of 480 samples were collected from the surfaces of the equipment and utensils using sterile swabs for the detection of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. and counting mesophilic aerobes, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas sp. The microbial ecology was evaluated by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Genes for virulence and biofilm formation were analyzed and adhesion capacity was evaluated for L. monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. The mesophilic aerobe count was the highest in the dairy processing facility, followed by the pork and poultry slaughterhouses. L. monocytogenes was detected in all facilities, with the highest detection in the pork slaughterhouse, followed by the poultry and dairy facilities. Salmonella sp. was only detected in the dairy. Isolates of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. showed poor adhesion to polystyrene surfaces, virulence genes, and biofilm formation. The frequent contaminants in the slaughterhouses were Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Aeromonas in poultry, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Brevundimonas in pork, and Pseudomonas, Kocuria, and Staphylococcus in dairy. Our results provide useful information to understand the microbiological risks associated with contamination.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of ginger essential oil (GEO) and 6-gingerol on a multispecies biofilm formed by Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on a polypropylene surface. The minimum inhibitory concentration concentrations obtained for GEO were 100 and 50 mg/mL and for 6-gingerol 1.25 mg/mL. Sessile cell counts ranged within 5.35-7.35 log CFU/cm2 in the control biofilm, with the highest sessile growth at 72 h. GEO treatments acted on the total population regardless of concentration at 1 and 48 h. L. monocytogenes behaved similarly to the total population, showing GEO action at 1 h and keeping the same pattern at 48, 72, and 96 h. Better action on S. Typhimurium was obtained at times of 1, 72, and 96 h. P. aeruginosa showed logarithmic reduction only when treated with GEO 50 mg at 24 h. As for 6-gingerol, in general, there was no significant action (p > 0.05) on the evaluated sessile cells. GEO showed antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes, S. Typhimurium, and P. aeruginosa, acting as an inhibitor of biofilm formation. As for 6-gingerol, it was considered a possible antimicrobial agent but without efficacy during biofilm formation.

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Salmonella is present in the poultry production chain and is a major challenge in terms of food safety and animal health. The early Salmonella detection is one of the main tools to control and prevent the transmission of this pathogen. Microbiological isolation and serotyping to identify and differentiate Salmonella serovars are laborious processes, time-consuming, and expensive. Therefore, molecular diagnostic methods can be rapid and efficient alternatives to the detection of this pathogen. Thus, the aim herein was to standardize and evaluate the use of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in comparison with real-time PCR (qPCR) for detection of Salmonella associated with a multiplex qPCR for simultaneous identification and differentiation of S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Pullorum, and S. Gallinarum. The LAMP, qPCR, and multiplex qPCR assays were comparable in specificity. The three techniques were evaluated for specificity for 16 different serovars of Salmonella and for 37 strains of the serovars of interest. The limit of detection and the efficiency of the LAMP, qPCR, and multiplex qPCR reactions were determined. The techniques were applied to 33 samples of chicken carcasses and compared to the results of conventional microbiology for validation. As results, LAMP was specific in the detection of different Salmonella serovars but presented lower limit of detection ranging from 101 to 104 CFU/reaction. In comparison, qPCR could detect less cells (100 to 102 CFU/reaction), reaching equal specificity and better repeatability in the assays. The qPCR multiplexing for identification of the different serovars also showed good specificity, with the detection threshold between entre 101 and 102 CFU/reaction. The results obtained in the analyses on poultry carcasses suggested a correspondence between the results obtained in molecular methods and in conventional microbiology. Thus, the proposed assays are promising for the diagnosis of Salmonella in poultry carcasses, already proved to be faster and more efficient than conventional diagnostics techniques, being of great interest for poultry production, animal, and public health.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (EO) compared to peracetic acid (PA) regarding formation and elimination of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on polystyrene surface. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined according to standard protocol. Isolates were inoculated according to MIC standards polystyrene plate wells, which were then incubated at 37°C/96 hours for evaluation of biofilm formation. Regarding the evaluation of biofilm elimination, the biofilms were treated under MIC for 10 minutes. The MIC obtained were 2.0 and 3.0 mg mL-1 for EO and 0,015% for PA. Therefore, the results showed a reduction in the formation of biofilm with the presence of EO and PA, EO being more efficient (p < 0.05). Both compounds had a good capacity of eliminating biofilms, however the EO reduced the biofilm formation when compared to PA, highlighting its potential as an antibacterial agent and antibiofilm.(AU)

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The present study investigated Salmonella spp. in the feces of 200 foals up to one year of age (100 with clinical signs of diarrhea and 100 without clinical signs of diarrhea). Bacteriological culture, serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, and real-time PCR (qPCR SYBR® Green or a TaqMan®) for detecting the invA gene (with and without a selective pre-enrichment step in tetrathionate broth) were performed. Bacterial culture revealed 15% (n=30) of positive animals (21 animals with diarrhea and nine without diarrhea). Among the 30 isolates, 13 different serovars were identified: S. Infantis, S. Minnesota, S. I.4,5,12:i:-; S. Anatum, S. Cerro, S. Oranienburg, S. Braenderup, S. Give, S. Newport, S. IIIb 61:c:z35, S. 109:-:1.5, S. I.4.12:d:-, S. I.6.8:-:-. Multidrug resistance was found in 43.33% (n=13) of the isolates, with one isolate obtained from animals without diarrhea and 12 isolates from animals with diarrhea. All qPCR techniques used in the study classified more samples as positive for Salmonella spp. than the bacterial culture of feces. In addition, all qPCR techniques detected more positive animals in the diarrhea group than in the diarrhea-free group. The results confirm the utility of the qPCR method without the pre-enrichment step in tetrathionate as a rapid test for Salmonella spp. in carrier animals. In animals with clinical signs of diarrhea, it can be combined with bacterial culture (antimicrobial susceptibility testing and serotyping). The isolation of Salmonella spp. in nine animals without diarrhea confirms the importance of asymptomatic carrier animals in the epidemiology of the disease. The multidrug resistance observed highlights the importance of rational antimicrobial use in horses and adopting biosecurity protocols that are efficacious in controlling the spread of infections between animals and zoonotic transmission in farms.

O presente estudo investigou a ocorrência de Salmonella spp. em fezes de 200 potros com até um ano de idade (100 com sinais clínicos de diarreia e 100 sem sinais clínicos de diarreia), utilizando as técnicas de cultivo bacteriológico e PCR em tempo real (qPCR) pelos métodos de corante fluorescente (SYBR® Green) e sonda específica (Taqman®) para a detecção do gene invA com e sem etapa de pré-enriquecimento seletivo em caldo de tetrationato. O cultivo bacteriológico revelou 15% (n=30) de animais positivos (21 animais com diarreia e nove animais sem diarreia). Dentre esses 30 isolados, 13 sorovares diferentes foram identificados: S. Infantis, S. Minnesota, S. I.4,5,12:i:-; S. Anatum, S. Cerro, S. Oranienburg, S. Braenderup, S. Give, S. Newport, S. IIIb 61:c:z35, S. 109:-:1.5, S. I.4.12:d:-, S. I.6.8:-:-. Multirresistência foi constatada em 43,33% (n=13) dos isolados, sendo um isolado obtido de animal sem diarreia e 12 isolados de animais com diarreia. Todas as técnicas de qPCR empregadas no estudo apresentaram maior número de amostras classificadas como positivas para Salmonella spp. comparadas ao cultivo bacteriológico de fezes. Adicionalmente, em todas as técnicas de qPCR houve maior número de animais detectados como positivos no grupo de animais com diarreia em relação aos animais sem diarreia. Os resultados confirmaram a utilidade do método qPCR sem a etapa de pré-enriquecimento em tetrationato, como um teste rápido para detecção de Salmonella spp. em animais portadores ou em animais com sinais clínicos de diarreia. O cultivo bacteriológico deve ser associado para a realização do teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos e sorotipificação. O isolamento de Salmonella spp. em nove animais sem diarreia, confirma a importância dos animais portadores assintomáticos na epidemiologia da doença. A multirresistência observada evidencia a importância do uso racional de antimicrobianos em equinos e a importância da adoção de protocolos de biossegurança que sejam eficazes para controlar a disseminação de infecções entre animais e a transmissão zoonótica nas fazendas.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of adenovirus (AdV), rotavirus (RV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in beef, pork, and chicken meat cuts in retail trade in the city of Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil. A total of 131 meat products were collected (beef, n = 55; chicken, n = 47; pork, n = 29) from 18 commercial establishments (supermarkets, n = 7; butchers, n = 7; markets/grocery stores, n = 4). All samples were evaluated for AdV, RV, and HEV. The genomes of RV and AdV were identified in 29% (n = 38) and 5.34% (n = 7) of the samples, respectively. HEV was not identified in any of the samples. Chicken cuts had a higher frequency of AdV and RV isolates compared to beef and pork (P < 0.05). Among the categories of commercial establishments evaluated, all revealed at least one positive sample for AdV and RV; however, supermarkets showed a higher frequency of RV than others (P < 0.05). The genetic material of AdV and RV was identified simultaneously in 2.29% (n = 3) of samples from supermarkets (n = 2) and grocery stores (n = 1). This is the first report on detection of enteric viruses in meat cuts in the western region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and the presence of AdV and RV in these products may indicate flaws during the process of handling these foods, especially in places where commercialization provides important public health issues.

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ABSTRACT: The traffic in international animal products can become a public health hazard when legal import sanitary procedures are not followed. In Brazil, due to its extensive border area, the importation of animal products is a common practice in many areas, especially in Rio Grande do Sul, a state that borders Argentina and Uruguay. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of veterinary drug residues (antibiotics and antiparasitics) in animal products consumed in Rio Grande do Sul. The presence of residues of veterinary antibiotics and antiparasitics was assessed in 189 meat (beef, pork, and chicken), processed dairy, and meat product samples bought in Argentina (n = 90) and Uruguay (n = 99). Residues of these veterinary drugs were detected in 50 (26.45%) of the samples; 28 samples (14.81%) had antibiotic residues, and 22 samples (11.64%) had antiparasitic residues. Of the 50 positive samples, 40% (15 from Argentina and 5 from Uruguay) had residues above the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Of these 20 samples, 12 had antiparasitic residues above the MRLs (11 beef samples had ivermectin and 1 pork sample had ivermectin and doramectin) and 8 had antibiotic residues above the MRLs (2 pork and 2 sausage samples had doxycycline, 2 cheese samples had doxycycline and chlortetracycline, 1 poultry meat sample had chloramphenicol, and 1 cheese sample had monensin). Because of the potential toxic effects on humans and the potential for pathogens to develop antibiotic resistance, the presence of these residues above the MRLs is a potential risk to public health. The negative impact of consumption of imported animal products can be reduced by implementation of an effective surveillance system and educational campaigns for the general population.

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Using an online questionnaire, this study evaluated the profile of a Brazilian population's food handling practices in the home environment. The questionnaire, containing questions about domestic behavior in terms of hygiene and food handling, was built and available through social media sites. Information about the participants' profiles, their food pre-preparation, food preparation, and food post-preparation practices, and the occurrence of foodborne diseases (FBDs) was included in the questionnaire. A total of 701 responses were obtained. The interviewees included 78.31% female participants and 21.68% male participants, with an average age of 31.2 years. Nearly all (94.3%) had a complete or incomplete higher education. In the pre-preparation stage, the participants evaluated the shelf life (97.28%) and storage temperature (44.79%) of the products while purchasing them. Regarding food handling practices, only a few participants washed the food packages before storing them (31.95%) or removed hand jewelry or other adornments when washing food (61.48%). Most participants washed their hands (91.58%) and washed vegetables (99.28%). But a group of interviewees reported washing raw meat (27.81%) before preparing it. Cutting surfaces such as plastic (50.36%) and glass (49.36%) tops were the most prevalent in the study. Most respondents did not know how long they had been using their cutting boards (67.62%) and mentioned using the same surface to handle both raw and ready-to-eat products (84.17%). As for the preparation, most interviewees declared they did not check the food temperature during preparation (86.31%), ignoring the ideal cooking temperature (88.26%). Regarding the occurrence of FBDs, 79.17% of the interviewees reported having suspicious clinical signs associated with contaminated foods and 65.59% did not seek medical help. Thus, the participants demonstrated ignorance about adequate practices for food safety in the home environment, highlighting the need to conduct health education programs within the Brazilian population.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil das práticas de manipulação de alimentos no ambiente domiciliar no Brasil utilizando um questionário online. Um questionário contendo perguntas sobre comportamento doméstico em nível de higiene e manipulação de alimentos foi construído e disponibilizado por redes sociais. O questionário continha informações sobre o perfil dos participantes, suas práticas de pré-preparo, preparo e pós-preparo de alimentos e a ocorrência de doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTA). Obteve-se 701 respostas, os entrevistados foram 78,31% do sexo feminino e 21,68% do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 31,2 anos. A maioria (94,3%) possuia ensino superior completo ou incompleto. Na etapa de pré-preparo, os participantes avaliam o prazo de validade (97,28%) e a temperatura de armazenamento (44,79%) dos produtos no momento da compra. Em relação às práticas de manipulação dos alimentos, apenas alguns participantes lavavam as embalagens dos alimentos antes de armazená-los (31,95%) ou retiravam adornos ao lavar os alimentos (61,48%). A maioria dos participantes lavam as mãos (91,58%) e os vegetais (99,28%); entretanto, um grupo de entrevistados relatou lavar carne crua (27,81%) antes de prepará-la. Superfícies de corte como tábuas de plástico (50,36%) e de vidro (49,36%) foram os mais prevalentes no estudo. A maioria dos entrevistados não sabe há quanto tempo usa as tábuas de corte (67,62%) e utilizam a mesma superfície para manusear produtos crus e prontos para o consumo (84,17%). Quanto ao preparo, a maioria dos entrevistados declarou não verificar a temperatura dos alimentos durante o preparo (86,31%), ignorando a temperatura ideal de cozimento (88,26%). Em relação à ocorrência de DVA, 79,17% dos entrevistados relataram que já apresentaram sinais clínicos suspeitos associados a alimentos contaminados e 65,59% não procuraram atendimento médico. Nesse sentido, os participantes demonstraram desconhecimento sobre as práticas adequadas para a segurança dos alimentos no ambiente domiciliar, evidenciando a necessidade de realização de programas de educação em saúde com a população brasileira.(AU)

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Las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos (DTA) se definen como enfermedades infecciosas o tóxicas causadas por el consumo de alimentos o agua contaminados. Hoy en día, se consideran uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial. En el contexto de los DTA, la higiene personal y la manipulación inadecuada de los alimentos en el entorno doméstico se han identificado como un factor de riesgo importante para los brotes. A partir de estas consideraciones este proyecto de extensión universitária fue creado para instruir a los niños en edad escolar sobre la importancia de la higiene personal y el manejo adecuado de los alimentos, para que difundan información a sus padres y familiares. El proyecto de extensión univertirária se aplicó en una escuela municipal del municipio de Botucatu-SP y llegó a 491 niños de 5 a 11 años. Las actividades se aplicaron en tres acciones prioritarias, a saber: 1) Conferencia introductoria lúdica e interactiva; 2) Gincana de juegos y actividades de entrenamiento práctico y; 3) Entrega de certificados de participación y cartilla con información y juegos centrados en los temas tratados, con el fin de permitir la difusión de información a familiares y amigos de los participantes. Los estudiantes mostraron un gran interés por el tema, destacando la importancia de este enfoque en las escuelas. Se logró, por tanto, promover la educación...(AU)

Foodborne illnesses are any infectious or toxic diseases resulting from the consumption of contaminated food or water. They are currently considered one of the top public health issues worldwide. Inadequate personal hygiene and food handling in the family environment have been identified as major risk factors for the occurrence of outbreaks. In view of this, the current research aimed to educate school-age children in terms of the importance of proper personal hygiene and food handling, so that these considerations are spread out to their household. The present extension project was carried out at a municipal school in the city of Botucatu-SP and included 491 children ranging from 5 to 11 years old. The activities focused on three priority actions: 1) entertaining and interactive introductory lectures; 2) gymkhana with playful and educational activities; 3) provision of participation certificates and a brochure with informative games related to the topics previously discussed, so that the newly acquired knowledge could be spread out to the child's friends and relatives. The students demonstrated deep interest over this theme, which emphasizes the importance of the current approach in schools. Therefore, health education was pleasantly promoted, contributing to prevent diseases related to the lack of personal hygiene and improper food handling.(AU)

As doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTAs) são definidas como enfermidades infecciosas ou tóxicas causadas pelo consumo de alimentos ou água contaminados. Na atualidade, são consideradas um dos maiores problemas mundiais de saúde pública. Dentro do contexto das DTAs, a higiene pessoal e a manipulação inadequada de alimentos no ambiente doméstico têm sido apontadas como importantes fatores de risco para a ocorrência de surtos. Baseado nestas considerações, o presente projeto de extensão universitária foi desenvolvido no intuito de instruir crianças em idade escolar sobre a importância da higiene pessoal e da manipulação adequada de alimentos, de modo que estas disseminem a informação a seus pais e familiares. O projeto foi instituido em uma escola pública do município de Botucatu-SP e atingiu 491 crianças de 5 a 11 anos. As atividades foram aplicadas em três ações prioritárias, sendo elas: 1) Palestra introdutória lúdica e interativa; 2) Gincana com brincadeiras e atividades formativas práticas e; 3) Entrega de certificados de participação e uma cartilha contendo informações e jogos com enfoque nos assuntos abordados, de modo a possibilitar a disseminação das informações para os familiares e amigos dos participantes. Os alunos demonstraram grande interesse pelo assunto, enfatizando a importância dessa abordagem nas escolas. Foi possível promover, portando, educação em saúde de...(AU)

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Many infants are nurtured with milk supplied by human banks, whose bacteriological and physical-chemical profiles are a major issue. We investigated the bacteriological and physical-chemical characteristics, as well as genotypic and phenotypic and profiles of Staphylococcus species isolated from 240 samples of breast milk from a bank in a teaching hospital. Dornic acidity of milk revealed that 95.4% (229/240) had acceptable limits (< 8.0 oD). Caloric intake showed a wide variation in cream content (4%), fat (4%) and energy values (559.81 Kcal/L). Staphylococcus (105/186 or 56.5%) and Enterobacter (25/186 or 13.4%) were the most prevalent genera, although other microorganisms were identified, including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (125/157 or 79.6%), vancomycin (115/157 or 73.2%), and cephalexin (112/157 or 71.3%) were the most effective antimicrobials. High resistance rates of isolates were found to penicillin G (141/157 or 89.8%), ampicillin (135/157 or 86%), and oxacillin (118/157 or 75.2%). Multidrug resistance to ≥ 3 antimicrobials occurred in 66.2% (123/186) of the isolates. Residues of microbial multiplication inhibitory substances were found in 85% (204/240) of samples. Among the coagulase-positive-CPS and negative-CoNS staphylococci, the mecA gene was detected in 53.3% (8/15) and 75% (30/40), respectively. Genes sea, seb and sec were detected in 20% (3/15) of CPS, while tsst-1 was detected in 13.34% (2/15). In addition, 13.3% (2/15) of S. aureus were toxin-producers. Genes sea, seb and sec were detected in 90% (36/40), 5% (2/40) and 15% (6/40) CoNS, respectively. Enterotoxin production was identified in 5% (2/40) of CoNS. The identification of multidrug-resistant bacteria, staphylococci species toxin-producers harboring methicillin-resistance genes, and residues of microbial multiplication inhibitory substances reinforce the need for a continuous vigilance of milk quality offered to infant consumption by human banks.

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RESUMO Introdução: O escalpelamento é caracterizado pelo trauma em região do couro cabeludo, que pode ser classificado como parcial ou total. O trauma por escalpelamento é extremamente mutilante e estigmatizante, principalmente quando expõe o osso sem periósteo, que pode levar a quadro de osteomielite crônica e erosão de tábua externa. Quando há lesões extensas de couro cabeludo acima de 200cm² e com lesão de periósteo é necessária grande quantidade de tecido com retalho microcirúrgico, que não está disponível em todos os centros. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar caso de paciente de 69 anos, feminina, que sofreu trauma por avulsão total de couro cabeludo de grande extensão de 550cm² com exposição de calota craniana sem periósteo e inviabilização total do escalpe após mordida de cachorro. Devido à inviabilização total do escalpe avulsionado, optou-se pelo transplante de retalho livre de músculo grande dorsal com anastomose microvascular do pedículo toracodorsal com os vasos temporais superficiais. O retalho evoluiu com boa perfusão e na área cruenta foi realizado enxertia parcial. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de prontuário da paciente em questão. O presente trabalho segue os padrões de declaração de Helsinque e aprovação do comitê de ética e pesquisa. Conclusão: O retalho livre de músculo grande dorsal mostrou-se eficaz neste caso de reconstrução de lesão extensa do couro cabeludo (550cm²) com lesão parcial de periósteo devido ao escalpelamento. O retalho recuperou a forma do crânio e a função de proteção da calota craniana.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Scalping is characterized by trauma in the scalp region, which can be classified as partial or total. Scalping trauma is extremely mutilating and stigmatizing, especially when exposing the bone without periosteum, leading to chronic osteomyelitis and external table erosion. When there are extensive scalp lesions above 200cm², and with periosteum, the lesion is required a large amount of tissue with microsurgical flap, which is not available in all centers. This work aims to report a case of a 69-year-old female patient who suffered trauma due to total avulsion of a big scalp of 550cm² with exposure of a skull cap without periosteum and total unviability of the scalp after a dog bite. Due to the total unviability of the avulsed scalp, we opted to transplant a large dorsal muscle free flap with microvascular anastomosis of the thoracodorsal pedicle with the superficial temporal vessels. The flap evolved with good perfusion, and partial grafting was performed in the bloody area. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the medical records of the patient in question. This paper follows the Declaration of Helsinki's standards and the approval of the Ethics and Research Committee. Conclusion: The free flap of the large dorsal muscle proved effective in this case of reconstruction of the scalp's extensive lesion (550cm²) with partial periosteum lesion due to scalping. The flap recovered the shape of the skull and the protective function of the skull cap.

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Objetivou-se, neste estudo, analisar as principais causas de condenação total de carcaças de frangos de corte em frigoríficos sob o Serviço de Inspeção Federal no Paraná, no período de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2018. Foram analisados os registros de abate, obtidos através do Sistema de Informações Gerenciais do Serviço de Inspeção Federal, e os relatórios de condenações por meio do Sistema Eletrônico do Serviço de Informação ao Cidadão. As principais causas de condenação, registradas no período em estudo foram aspecto repugnante (28,7%), contaminação (19,3%), síndrome ascítica (11%) e escaldagem excessiva (9,6%). 65,5 % das condenações das carcaças foram de origem não patológica, identificadas como tecnopatias.(AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the main causes of total condemnation of broiler carcasses in slaughterhouses under the Federal Inspection Service in Paraná, from January 2017 to December 2018. The slaughter records obtained through Management Information System of the Federal Inspection Service, and reports of convictions through the Electronic System of the Citizen Information Service. The main causes of condemnation recorded in the study period were disgusting aspects (28.7%), contamination (19.3%), ascitic syndrome (11%) and excessive scalding (9.6%). 65,5 % of carcass convictions were of non-pathological origin and were identified as technopathies.(AU)

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Introdução: A presença de defeitos extensos em couro cabeludo apresenta-se como um grande desafio reconstrutor para o cirurgião plástico. Estes defeitos têm vasta etiologia como: traumática, queimaduras térmicas ou elétricas, ressecções tumorais benignas e malignas ou congênitas, sequelas de tratamentos radioterápicos e infecções. Destacando-se lesões como o escalpelamento e queimaduras (térmicas ou elétricas), geram repercussões significativas como a perda de tecido grave, osteomielite crônica ou sequelas menores como uma alopecia cicatricial. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de reconstrução de couro cabeludo em fase tardia com expansor tecidual e posterior retalho de avanço, devido à alopecia cicatricial, em paciente feminina de 11 anos vítima de escaldamento por água quente em região frontotemporal direita. Métodos: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva de prontuário da paciente em questão. O presente trabalho segue os padrões do comitê de ética de Helsinque. Conclusão: A técnica de expansão tecidual de couro cabeludo por estágios e posterior confecção de retalho de avanço de escalpo demonstrou ser eficaz de restaurar a estrutura pilosa e linha da implantação capilar da paciente com mínima distorção local, restituindo a forma e a estética do couro cabeludo da paciente.

Introduction: The presence of extensive scalp defects is a major reconstructive challenge for the plastic surgeon. These defects have a vast etiology, such as traumatic, thermal or electrical burns, benign and malignant or congenital tumor resections, radiotherapy treatments sequelae, and infections. Noting that injuries such as scalping and burns (thermal or electrical), generate significant repercussions such as severe tissue loss, chronic osteomyelitis or minor sequelae such as scar alopecia. This study aims to report a case of late scalp reconstruction with a tissue expander and posterior advancement flap, due to cicatricial alopecia, in an 11-year-old female, victim of scalding by hot water in the right frontotemporal region. Methods: It was performed a retrospective analysis of the patient's medical record. The present work follows the standards of the Helsinki ethics committee. Conclusion: The scalp tissue expansion technique by stages and subsequent scalp advancement flap performing proved to be effective in restoring the patient's hair structure and hairline with minimal local distortion, restoring the scalp's shape and aesthetics of the patient.

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Las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos (DTA) se definen como enfermedades infecciosas o tóxicas causadas por el consumo de alimentos o agua contaminados. Hoy en día, se consideran uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial. En el contexto de los DTA, la higiene personal y la manipulación inadecuada de los alimentos en el entorno doméstico se han identificado como un factor de riesgo importante para los brotes. A partir de estas consideraciones este proyecto de extensión universitária fue creado para instruir a los niños en edad escolar sobre la importancia de la higiene personal y el manejo adecuado de los alimentos, para que difundan información a sus padres y familiares. El proyecto de extensión univertirária se aplicó en una escuela municipal del municipio de Botucatu-SP y llegó a 491 niños de 5 a 11 años. Las actividades se aplicaron en tres acciones prioritarias, a saber: 1) Conferencia introductoria lúdica e interactiva; 2) Gincana de juegos y actividades de entrenamiento práctico y; 3) Entrega de certificados de participación y cartilla con información y juegos centrados en los temas tratados, con el fin de permitir la difusión de información a familiares y amigos de los participantes. Los estudiantes mostraron un gran interés por el tema, destacando la importancia de este enfoque en las escuelas. Se logró, por tanto, promover la educación...

Foodborne illnesses are any infectious or toxic diseases resulting from the consumption of contaminated food or water. They are currently considered one of the top public health issues worldwide. Inadequate personal hygiene and food handling in the family environment have been identified as major risk factors for the occurrence of outbreaks. In view of this, the current research aimed to educate school-age children in terms of the importance of proper personal hygiene and food handling, so that these considerations are spread out to their household. The present extension project was carried out at a municipal school in the city of Botucatu-SP and included 491 children ranging from 5 to 11 years old. The activities focused on three priority actions: 1) entertaining and interactive introductory lectures; 2) gymkhana with playful and educational activities; 3) provision of participation certificates and a brochure with informative games related to the topics previously discussed, so that the newly acquired knowledge could be spread out to the child's friends and relatives. The students demonstrated deep interest over this theme, which emphasizes the importance of the current approach in schools. Therefore, health education was pleasantly promoted, contributing to prevent diseases related to the lack of personal hygiene and improper food handling.

As doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTAs) são definidas como enfermidades infecciosas ou tóxicas causadas pelo consumo de alimentos ou água contaminados. Na atualidade, são consideradas um dos maiores problemas mundiais de saúde pública. Dentro do contexto das DTAs, a higiene pessoal e a manipulação inadequada de alimentos no ambiente doméstico têm sido apontadas como importantes fatores de risco para a ocorrência de surtos. Baseado nestas considerações, o presente projeto de extensão universitária foi desenvolvido no intuito de instruir crianças em idade escolar sobre a importância da higiene pessoal e da manipulação adequada de alimentos, de modo que estas disseminem a informação a seus pais e familiares. O projeto foi instituido em uma escola pública do município de Botucatu-SP e atingiu 491 crianças de 5 a 11 anos. As atividades foram aplicadas em três ações prioritárias, sendo elas: 1) Palestra introdutória lúdica e interativa; 2) Gincana com brincadeiras e atividades formativas práticas e; 3) Entrega de certificados de participação e uma cartilha contendo informações e jogos com enfoque nos assuntos abordados, de modo a possibilitar a disseminação das informações para os familiares e amigos dos participantes. Os alunos demonstraram grande interesse pelo assunto, enfatizando a importância dessa abordagem nas escolas. Foi possível promover, portando, educação em saúde de...

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary quality of lamb meat sold in the city of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) by counting the indicator microorganisms and detecting pathogens such as Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Thirty-nine lamb meat samples were collected from 10 commercial establishments in Uruguaiana. The samples were subjected to counts of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms and enterobacteria, and to the detection of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes, all following standard methods. The average counts of mesophilic microorganisms and enterobacteria were 6.08 log CFU/g (minimum 4.07 and max 6.87) and 4.73 log CFU/g (minimum 0 and max 5.88), respectively. For pathogens, L. monocytogenes was isolated from five samples (12.82%), with three samples in the same location. Only two samples (5.13%) were positive for Salmonella spp. The results demonstrated unsatisfactory hygienic-sanitary conditions because high counts of pathogens such as Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes. The counts of enterobacteria showed poor hygiene conditions during the various stages of production. The results also indicated fecal contamination, as Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes are present in the intestinal tract of both humans and animals. The high count of mesophilic microorganisms obtained could be owing to contaminated raw material or unsatisfactory processing, including unsanitary conditions and the inappropriate use of binomial time/temperature during storage.

O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade higiênico-sanitária da carne de cordeiro comercializada na cidade de Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) através da contagem dos microrganismos indicadores e detecção de patógenos como Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes. Trinta e nove amostras de carne de cordeiro foram coletadas em 10 estabelecimentos comerciais em Uruguaiana. As amostras foram submetidas a contagens de microrganismos aeróbios mesofilos e enterobactérias e à detecção de Salmonella spp. e L. monocytogenes, todas seguindo metodologias padrão. As contagens médias de microrganismos mesófilos e enterobactérias foram 6,08 log UFC/g (mínimo 4,07 e máximo 6,87) e 4,73 log UFC/g (mínimo 0 e máximo 5,88), respectivamente. Para os patógenos, L. monocytogenes foi isolado de cinco amostras (12,82%), com três amostras no mesmo local. Apenas duas (5,13%) foram positivas para Salmonella spp. Os resultados demonstraram condições higiênico-sanitárias insatisfatórias, baseado nas altas contagens de patógenos como Salmonella spp. e L. monocytogenes. As contagens de enterobactérias indicaram más condições de higiene durante as várias etapas de produção. Os resultados também indicaram contaminação fecal, uma vez que Salmonella spp. e L. monocytogenes estão presentes no trato intestinal de humanos e animais. A alta contagem de microrganismos mesófilos obtidos pode ser devida a matéria-prima contaminada ou processamento insatisfatório, incluindo condições insalubres e uso inadequado do binômio tempo/temperatura durante o armazenamento.

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Pattern minas cheese is a product developed with pasteurized milk, fermented with mesophilic cultures, and with the final addition of rennet. This cheese undergoes an artisanal maturation process and possesses a firm shell of yellowish color and striking and acidic flavor. Our study objective was to evaluate the microbiological quality of pattern minas cheese. We collected 40 samples from two micro regions (Uberlândia and Patos de Minas) of the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba mesor regions of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The microbiological test results were recorded as counts of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, coliforms at 35°C, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp. In the Patos de Minas micro region, the results were 45%, 35%, 20%, and 20% higher than 103 CFU/g for the counts of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, coliforms at 35°C, and Staphylococcus coagulase-positive, respectively. Five percent of the analyzed samples were positive for Salmonella spp. in the Uberlândia micro region. Based on the findings of the microbiota in the cheese analyzed from the micro regions (Uberlândia and Patos de Minas), we concluded that the hygiene conditions in the manufacturing, handling, transport, and storage stages were precarious, requiring the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) systems, including Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP).(AU)

O queijo minas padrão é um produto elaborado com leite pasteurizado, fermentado com culturas mesófilas e adição de coalho. Esse queijo passa por um processo de maturação artesanal, possui uma casca firme de cor amarelada e sabor ácido. O presente trabalho avaliou a qualidade microbiológica de queijo minas padrão comercializado em duas microrregiões (Uberlândia e Patos de Minas) da mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram examinadas 40 amostras de queijo. Os ensaios microbiológicos foram contagens de enterobactérias, Escherichia coli, coliformes a 35 oC, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Na microrregião de Patos de Minas, os resultados foram de 45%, 35%, 20% e 20% superiores a 103 CFU/g para as contagens de enterobactérias, Escherichia coli, coliformes a 35oC e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, respectivamente. Cinco por cento das amostras analisadas foram positivas à pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Considerando a microrregião analisada (Uberlândia e Patos de Minas), a conclusão obtida foi que na região estudada, as condições de higiene nas etapas de fabricação, manuseio, transporte e armazenamento do queijo minas padrão são precárias, sendo necessária a implementação de sistemas de Boas Práticas de Fabricação (GMP), incluindo Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (HACCP).(AU)

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Objetivou-se, neste estudo, analisar as principais causas de condenação total de carcaças de frangos de corte em frigoríficos sob o Serviço de Inspeção Federal no Paraná, no período de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2018. Foram analisados os registros de abate, obtidos através do Sistema de Informações Gerenciais do Serviço de Inspeção Federal, e os relatórios de condenações por meio do Sistema Eletrônico do Serviço de Informação ao Cidadão. As principais causas de condenação, registradas no período em estudo foram aspecto repugnante (28,7%), contaminação (19,3%), síndrome ascítica (11%) e escaldagem excessiva (9,6%). 65,5 % das condenações das carcaças foram de origem não patológica, identificadas como tecnopatias.(AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the main causes of total condemnation of broiler carcasses in slaughterhouses under the Federal Inspection Service in Paraná, from January 2017 to December 2018. The slaughter records obtained through Management Information System of the Federal Inspection Service, and reports of convictions through the Electronic System of the Citizen Information Service. The main causes of condemnation recorded in the study period were disgusting aspects (28.7%), contamination (19.3%), ascitic syndrome (11%) and excessive scalding (9.6%). 65,5 % of carcass convictions were of non-pathological origin and were identified as technopathies.(AU)

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This study evaluated the sanitary hygienic quality and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in raw meats and fresh sausages marketed in the city of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. We analyzed 238 samples of fresh sausages, beef, pork, and chicken from 18 commercial establishments (butchers, supermarkets, and groceries). Samples were subjected to enumerate hygiene indicator microorganisms (mesophilic aerobes and enterobacteria) and detection of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. The mean counts of mesophilic aerobes and enterobacteria were 5.09 and 3.54 log CFU/g, respectively. Beef samples presented the highest frequency of Salmonella spp. (7.93%) and fresh sausages present the highest frequency of L. monocytogenes (19.04%). Among the analyzed samples, 43.70% did not comply with the microbiological parameters established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The presence of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes in different samples and commercial establishments demonstrate the failures of good manufacturing practices in industrial environmental and retails points and the need to train food handlers to reduce the exposure of consumers to potential risks.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade higiênica sanitária e a presença de microrganismos patogênicos em carnes in natura e linguiças frescais comercializadas na cidade de Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. Foram analisadas 238 amostras de linguiças, carne bovina, suína e de frango de 18 estabelecimentos comerciais (açougues, supermercados e mercearias). As amostras foram submetidas à enumeração de microrganismos indicadores de higiene (aeróbios mesófilos e enterobactérias) e detecção de Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes. As contagens médias de aeróbios mesófilos e enterobactérias foram 5,09 e 3,54 log UFC/g, respectivamente. Salmonella spp. esteve presente mais frequentemente em amostras de carne bovina (4,91 %), enquanto L. monocytogenes foi mais frequente em linguiças frescais (19,04 %). Das amostras analisadas, 43,70 % não atenderam aos parâmetros microbiológicos estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde. A presença de Salmonella spp. e L. monocytogenes em diferentes amostras e estabelecimentos comerciais demonstra falhas de boas práticas de fabricação na indústria e pontos de venda, além da necessidade de treinar manipuladores de alimentos para reduzir a exposição dos consumidores à riscos.(AU)

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Pattern minas cheese is a product developed with pasteurized milk, fermented with mesophilic cultures, and with the final addition of rennet. This cheese undergoes an artisanal maturation process and possesses a firm shell of yellowish color and striking and acidic flavor. Our study objective was to evaluate the microbiological quality of pattern minas cheese. We collected 40 samples from two micro regions (Uberlândia and Patos de Minas) of the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba mesor regions of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The microbiological test results were recorded as counts of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, coliforms at 35°C, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp. In the Patos de Minas micro region, the results were 45%, 35%, 20%, and 20% higher than 103 CFU/g for the counts of enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, coliforms at 35°C, and Staphylococcus coagulase-positive, respectively. Five percent of the analyzed samples were positive for Salmonella spp. in the Uberlândia micro region. Based on the findings of the microbiota in the cheese analyzed from the micro regions (Uberlândia and Patos de Minas), we concluded that the hygiene conditions in the manufacturing, handling, transport, and storage stages were precarious, requiring the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) systems, including Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP).(AU)

O queijo minas padrão é um produto elaborado com leite pasteurizado, fermentado com culturas mesófilas e adição de coalho. Esse queijo passa por um processo de maturação artesanal, possui uma casca firme de cor amarelada e sabor ácido. O presente trabalho avaliou a qualidade microbiológica de queijo minas padrão comercializado em duas microrregiões (Uberlândia e Patos de Minas) da mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram examinadas 40 amostras de queijo. Os ensaios microbiológicos foram contagens de enterobactérias, Escherichia coli, coliformes a 35 oC, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Na microrregião de Patos de Minas, os resultados foram de 45%, 35%, 20% e 20% superiores a 103 CFU/g para as contagens de enterobactérias, Escherichia coli, coliformes a 35oC e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, respectivamente. Cinco por cento das amostras analisadas foram positivas à pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Considerando a microrregião analisada (Uberlândia e Patos de Minas), a conclusão obtida foi que na região estudada, as condições de higiene nas etapas de fabricação, manuseio, transporte e armazenamento do queijo minas padrão são precárias, sendo necessária a implementação de sistemas de Boas Práticas de Fabricação (GMP), incluindo Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (HACCP).(AU)

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