RESUMO
The present work synthesized two new materials of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-OH and MWCNT-COOH) impregnated with magnetite (Fe3O4) using solution precipitation methodology. The resulting MWCNT-OH-Mag and MWCNT-COOH-Mag materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and electrical force microscopy. The characterization results indicate that the -OH functional groups in the MWCNT interact effectively with magnetite iron favoring impregnation and indicating the regular distribution of nanoparticles on the surface of the synthesized materials. The adsorption efficiency of the MWCNT-OH-Mag and MWCNT-COOH-Mag materials was tested using the pollutants 2,4-D and Atrazine. Over batch studies carried out under different pH ranges, it was found that the optimal condition for 2,4-D adsorption was at pH 2, while for Atrazine, it was found at pH 6. The rapid adsorption kinetics of 2,4-D and Atrazine reaches equilibrium within 30 min. The pseudo-first-order model described 2,4-D adsorption well. The General-order model described better atrazine adsorption. The magnetically doped adsorbent functionalized with -OH surface groups (MWCNT-OH-Mag) demonstrated superior adsorption performance and increased Fe-doped sites. The Sips model described the adsorption isotherms accurately. MWCNT-OH-Mag presented the greatest adsorption capacity at 51.4 and 47.7 mg g-1 for 2,4-D and Atrazine, respectively. Besides, electrostatic forces and complexation rule the molecular interactions between metals and pesticides. The leaching and regeneration tests of the synthesized materials indicate high stability in an aqueous solution. Furthermore, experiments with wastewater samples contaminated with the model pollutants indicate that the novel adsorbents are highly promising for enhancing water purification by adsorptive separation.
Assuntos
Atrazina , Poluentes Ambientais , Nanopartículas de Magnetita , Nanotubos de Carbono , Praguicidas , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Adsorção , Nanotubos de Carbono/química , Óxido Ferroso-Férrico , Água , Cinética , Ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
Real hospital wastewater was effectively treated by a promising technology based on degradation reaction catalyzed by Fe0 under microwave irradiation in this work. Fe0 powders were synthesized and characterized by different techniques, resulting in a single-phase sample with spherical particles. Optimum experimental conditions were determined by a central composite rotatable design combined with a response surface methodology, resulting in 96.8% of chemical oxygen demand reduction and 100% organic carbon removal, after applying MW power of 780 W and Fe0 dosage of 0.36 g L-1 for 60 min. Amongst the several organic compounds identified in the wastewater sample, diclofenac and ibuprofen were present in higher concentrations; therefore, they were set as target pollutants. Both compounds were completely degraded in 35 min of reaction time. Their plausible degradation pathways were investigated and proposed. Overall, the method developed in this work effectively removed high concentrations of pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewater.