Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Delirium por Abstinência Alcoólica/complicações , Diarreia/induzido quimicamente , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/efeitos adversos , Encefalopatia Hepática/tratamento farmacológico , Hipernatremia/etiologia , Lactulose/efeitos adversos , Mielinólise Central da Ponte/etiologia , Quadriplegia/etiologia , Adulto , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Diarreia/complicações , Hidratação , Encefalopatia Hepática/complicações , Humanos , Hipernatremia/terapia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Mielinólise Central da Ponte/terapiaRESUMO
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition that has become a significant public health concern. The mainstay therapeutic approach to CKD is based on renin-angiotensin system blockade as well as blood pressure and glycemic control. Despite these interventions, the management of CKD remains suboptimal, with a large proportion of the CKD population progressing to end-stage renal disease. Newer strategies for the treatment of CKD have emerged over the past years focusing on decreasing inflammation and delaying the development of fibrosis. Despite promising results in experimental models and small randomized studies, adequately powered randomized trials are required to evaluate the benefits and risks of these therapies in the CKD population. In this review, we discuss the evidence behind, and gaps in our knowledge of, established therapies as well as newer potential strategies for managing CKD, concentrating on interventions that currently are being evaluated in randomized studies.