RESUMO
Introducción: las interacciones negativas entre el trabajador con su medio ambiente laboral y extralaboral componen lo que se conoce como factores psicosociales. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la presencia de factores psicosociales negativos en el área laboral y su asociación con estar o no enfermo en los médicos de nivel primario de atención en Guadalajara, México. Material y método: para analizar lo propuesto se utilizó un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y laborales incluida la pregunta sobre qué enfermedades o molestias, o ambas, había presentado en los últimos seis meses, además de la escala de Identificación de los Factores Psicosociales (IMSS, 1986).Resultados: 64,8 por ciento (81 sujetos) se manifestó enfermo. Las enfermedades más frecuentes fueron las músculo-esqueléticas (20 por ciento), respiratorias (19,2 por ciento), gastrointestinales (18,3 por ciento) y las psicológicas (15,2 por ciento). Se encontró relación entre casi todos los factores psicosociales con las enfermedades gastrointestinales, cardiovasculares, neurológicas y psicológicas. Conclusiones: es deber de todo el personal que labora en una empresa el ejercer medidas de prevención, de evaluar y controlar los agentes de riesgo a los cuales están expuestos los trabajadores, así como de ofrecer seguimiento a los programas que a partir de la identificación y evaluación del riesgo se elaboren, con la finalidad de que este no vuelva a presentarse. (AU)
Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional , Médicos de Família , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Saúde Ocupacional , Médicos , MéxicoRESUMO
Introducción: las interacciones negativas entre el trabajador con su medio ambiente laboral y extralaboral componen lo que se conoce como factores psicosociales. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la presencia de factores psicosociales negativos en el área laboral y su asociación con estar o no enfermo en los médicos de nivel primario de atención en Guadalajara, México. Material y método: para analizar lo propuesto se utilizó un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y laborales incluida la pregunta sobre qué enfermedades o molestias, o ambas, había presentado en los últimos seis meses, además de la escala de Identificación de los Factores Psicosociales (IMSS, 1986).Resultados: 64,8 por ciento (81 sujetos) se manifestó enfermo. Las enfermedades más frecuentes fueron las músculo-esqueléticas (20 por ciento), respiratorias (19,2 por ciento), gastrointestinales (18,3 por ciento) y las psicológicas (15,2 por ciento). Se encontró relación entre casi todos los factores psicosociales con las enfermedades gastrointestinales, cardiovasculares, neurológicas y psicológicas. Conclusiones: es deber de todo el personal que labora en una empresa el ejercer medidas de prevención, de evaluar y controlar los agentes de riesgo a los cuales están expuestos los trabajadores, así como de ofrecer seguimiento a los programas que a partir de la identificación y evaluación del riesgo se elaboren, con la finalidad de que este no vuelva a presentarse.
Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional , Saúde Ocupacional , México , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Médicos , Médicos de FamíliaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the overall development level in children ages 0 to 4 who live in very depressed socioeconomic and cultural conditions. DESIGN: This study is observational, cross-sectional, and prospective. SETTING: The study was carried out in four types of communities in the state of Jalisco, Mexico: migrant, indigenous, rural, and irregular urban communities on the outskirts of cities. PARTICIPANTS: 1277 children under the age of 4 years, who live in the communities selected for the study. PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS: Evaluation of the overall development level was based on the Jalisco Scale for Evaluation of Overall Development, which is designed especially for socioeconomically and culturally depressed groups in Mexico. RESULTS: The average development score found in the children was 71.7, which is considered moderately low according to the 3 classification levels of adequate, moderately low, and low. Only 30.4% of the children achieved scores in the adequate category. All the children are considered to live in a high-risk psychosocial environment, which explains the low scores in overall development as evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Differences were observed in some variables within the uniformly low social level of the subjects studied. These differences could be considered as an indication of greater risk within a group that is already high-risk. In cases of overall development that is very low, mothers do not perceive that children have any problems at the time the study is being conducted. This could imply that these mothers do not respond proactively to community education and/or health programs that focus on early intervention.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil , Fatores Etários , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Carência Cultural , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , México , Mães , Grupos Populacionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , População Rural , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Migrantes , População UrbanaRESUMO
This study was performed with senior citizens in Greater Metropolitan Guadalajara, Mexico, who live in private homes, alone, or with family. Of these, 58% of men and 76% of women showed at least one symptom of sleep disorder according to the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire, while 8.5% were positive for all survey items. According to DSM IV criteria, 33.3% could be considered "cases" of sleep disorder, and none were under any type of treatment at the time of the study. These possible cases were apparently associated with gender and educational level, but not with marital status or age. In addition, no strong association was detected with the presence of depression, established according to Brink's Geriatric Depression Scale. Given the large amount of "possible cases" found that had not been previously detected and were not in any type of ad hoc treatment, we recommend promoting updated educational courses on this topic for health professionals (mainly doctors and nurses) in such a way as to facilitate timely case detection and thus increase and improve the accessibility of mental health services for the elderly population, increasing health education activities for this age group, their caregivers, and the general population.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Distribuição por Sexo , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Using Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) to identify potential cases of mental disorders, we screened 246 randomly selected persons among the 116,616 people older than 65 in the metropolitan zone of Guadalajara; 86 subjects (35%) qualified as "cases"; this figure is much higher than that reported (20.8%) in the adult population in a previous study. Among the cases, 69% were female, 66% were widowed, and 50% were divorced; 44% had not finished gradeschool, 42% had no scholastic education, 54% were unemployed, and 40% worked at home. Factors associated with anxiety and severe depression, sleep disorders, psychosomatic symptoms, and problems in interpersonal relations were studied.