RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Our previous research in Mbyá-guaraní communities of central Misiones showed high levels of growth stunting and intestinal parasites in children, as well as associations between these variables and deficient sanitary conditions. New studies were necessary to update the present health status of the previously studied Mbyá populations after around two decades. Therefore, we evaluated the current nutritional status, intestinal parasites, and socio-environmental conditions among Mbyá-guaraní children from these communities. METHODS: Body weight and height of 102 individuals (aged 2-14) were measured and nutritional status was estimated according to the World Health Organization criteria. Serial fecal samples and anal swabs were analyzed from 75 children (aged 1-14). Socio-environmental data were obtained from questionnaires. RESULTS: The prevalence of undernutrition was 31.4% and excess of weight was 10.8%. The prevalence of stunting and of overweight reached 30.4% and 8.8%, respectively. About 85% of the children were infected with at least one of the 14 species identified, and around 44% had multiple parasite infections. The most prevalent species were Enterobius vermicularis and hookworms. Among undernourished children, 88.2% were parasitized by at least one of the potentially pathogenic species detected. Most of the families lived in overcrowded conditions in precarious houses, defecated in latrines, and consumed well water. A higher risk of parasitosis was associated with the source of drinking water. CONCLUSIONS: Although the prevalence of undernutrition and intestinal parasites decreased compared with our previous studies, we still observed the coexistence of stunting, excess weight, and parasitic infections, in a context of socio-environmental vulnerability.
Assuntos
Enteropatias Parasitárias , Desnutrição , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Transtornos do Crescimento/epidemiologia , Humanos , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Introduction: The decreasing prevalence of parasitosis from north to south in Argentina has led the scientific community to focus the epidemiological studies on the most vulnerable areas and, consequently, neglect the populations of Patagonia (South Argentina). The objectives of the present study were (i) to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children and youth of Puerto Madryn (Chubut province, Patagonia), and (ii) to evaluate the parasitic infections found concerning socio-environmental factors and hygiene practices of the population. Materials and methods: Serial stool samples were processed using modified Ritchie and FLOTAC dual pellet techniques, and samples of anal swabs were examined by sedimentation. Socio-environmental variables and hygiene practices of the participants were surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Of all examined participants, 39.1% (68/174) were parasitized. A total of 6 parasite species were found and the most prevalent were Blastocystis sp (19.0%), Enterobius vermicularis (17.8%), and Giardia lamblia (6.3%). The risk of parasitosis and infection for Blastocystis sp was greater in participants who lived in houses without piped water (OR = 2.9 and OR = 3.2, respectively). The risk of infection for G. lamblia was positively associated with the lack of public waste collection service (OR = 5.6). Infection for E. vermicularis was higher in participants whose parents had a basic level of education (OR = 5.0). Conclusion: The parasitic infections observed reflect the environmental conditions of Patagonia and the need to focus studies on populations from peripheral areas to urban centers that are exposed to greater socio-economic vulnerability.
Introducción: La prevalencia de parasitosis decreciente de norte a sur en la Argentina, ha llevado a la comunidad científica a enfocar sus estudios epidemiológicos hacia las zonas más vulnerables y desatender a las poblaciones de la Patagonia (sur de Argentina). Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: determinar la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en niños y jóvenes de Puerto Madryn (Chubut, Patagonia), y evaluar las infecciones parasitarias en relación con los factores socioambientales y las prácticas de higiene de la población. Materiales y métodos: Se procesaron muestras seriadas de materia fecal mediante las técnicas Ritchie modificada y FLOTAC dual pellet, y muestras de escobillado anal por sedimentación. Se relevaron las variables socioambientales y las prácticas de higiene de los participantes mediante cuestionarios semiestructurados. Resultados: El 39.1% (68/174) de la población analizada estuvo parasitado. Se halló un total de 6 especies parásitas, las más prevalentes de las cuales fueron Blastocystis sp (19.0%), Enterobius vermicularis (17.8%) y Giardia lamblia (6.3%). El riesgo de parasitosis y de infección por Blastocystis sp fue mayor en los participantes que no poseían agua de red (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9 y OR = 3.2, respectivamente). La infección por G. lamblia se asoció de manera positiva con la falta de recolección pública de residuos (OR = 5.6). La infección por E. vermicularis fue superior en los participantes con padres que tenían un nivel de estudios primario (OR = 5.0). Conclusión: Las infecciones parasitarias observadas reflejan las condiciones ambientales de la Patagonia y la necesidad de orientar los estudios a poblaciones periféricas de los centros urbanos, las cuales están expuestas a mayor vulnerabilidad socioeconómica
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Parasitos , Argentina , Saneamento , Higiene , Giardia lamblia , Blastocystis , Educação , Enterobius , Intestinos/parasitologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate body composition in relation to nutritional status and socio-environmental conditions of residence in schoolchildren living in the urban periphery of La Plata, Argentina. Weight, height, arm circumference and tricipital and subscapular skinfolds were measured in 3,284 schoolchildren aged 4-12 years in the period 2014-2017. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III reference was used to assess nutritional status, identifying the following categories: normal, underweight, stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity. Body composition was evaluated based on upper arm muscle area (UMA) and upper arm fat area (UFA). Deficit and excess UMA and UFA were also calculated. Central fat distribution was determined with the subscapular-tricipital index. Socio-environmental characteristics were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The prevalence of nutritional status and body composition indicators were compared by sex using Chi square test. Socio-environmental data were analyzed using categorical Principal Component Analysis, discriminating into more favorable and unfavorable conditions. Nutritional status results were as follows: normal, 64.5%; stunting, 3.4%; underweight, 0.0%; wasting, 0.1%; overweight, 15.6% and obesity 16.4%. The nutritional status of children worsened as the socio-environmental condition of their families became more precarious. Long-term socio-environmental stress manifested as decreased muscle tissue in normal, stunted, overweight and obese children. The current results evidence the strong impact of poverty on child growth and development and at the same time enforce the need for continuous monitoring of children with hidden malnutrition(AU)
El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar la composición corporal en relación al estado nutricional y las condiciones socio-ambientales de niños residentes en la periferia urbana de La Plata, Argentina. Sobre 3284 escolares de 4 a 12 años se evaluaron peso, talla, perímetro braquial y pliegues tricipital y subescapular, durante los años 2014-2017. Se determinaron, utilizando la referencia NHANES III, las categorías de estado nutricional Normal; Bajo Peso/Edad; Baja Talla/Edad; Bajo IMC/Edad; Sobrepeso y Obesidad, y para composición corporal, se calcularon las áreas muscular y grasa (UMA y UFA) y se estimaron los déficits y excesos de tejido muscular y graso. La adiposidad centralizada fue estimada con el índice subescapular-tricipital. Las características socio-ambientales se evaluaron mediante encuesta estructurada. Las prevalencias del estado nutricional y de los indicadores de composición corporal fueron estimados y comparados por sexos, mediante pruebas de Chi2. Los datos socio-ambientales se analizaron empleando Análisis de Componentes Principales categóricos y se discriminaron dos grupos: con condiciones más favorables y con condiciones desfavorables. Los resultados indicaron: 64.5% Normal, 3.4% Baja Talla/Edad, 0.0% Bajo Peso/Edad; 0.1% Bajo IMC/Edad; 15.6% Sobrepeso; 16.4% Obesidad. El estado nutricional de los niños empeoró cuando la calidad socio-ambiental de sus familias se hizo más precaria. Debido al estrés socio-ambiental continuo, los niños tuvieron disminución del tejido muscular, incluyendo aquellos con estado nutricional Normal, Baja Talla/Edad, Sobrepeso y Obesidad. Los resultados alcanzados evidencian la impronta que deja la pobreza e impone urgentemente el monitoreo continuo de niños "con desnutrición oculta"(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Classe Social , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estado Nutricional , Crescimento e Desenvolvimento , Desnutrição , Sobrepeso , ObesidadeRESUMO
Background: It has been shown that modern life style with reduced physical activity can lead to lower bone accumulation. Also a decline trend in external skeletal robustness in children and young adolescents, measured by the Frame Index (FI), seems to have a parallel trend with the increase in overweight and obesity. Based on these findings we estimate that likely, the FI should be changed after a decade in the Argentinean population as well as in others population of the world. Thereby, the aim of the present study was to describe, using the FI, the pattern of external skeletal robustness in school children aged 6-14 years from two cohorts of Argentina (Puerto Madryn, Chubut) and to compare them with the European reference (Czech Republic, Germany, Poland and Russia). Methods: Elbow breadth and height of Puerto Madryn school children were collected in two cross-sectional studies conducted between 2001-2006 (cohort 1 = C1) and 2014-2016 (cohort 2 = C2). Percentiles (P) values, for males and females, from C1 and C2 were calculated combining the LMS-method and its extension. A t-test has been used to compare, by age and sex, the FI values between the Argentinean cohorts and the European reference (ER). Then, in order to know the percentage of the variation of the percentiles values between cohorts, as well as with ER, percent differences between means (PDM%) were employed. Results: FI from Argentinean cohorts differed significantly from ER. Even more, C2 was not only smaller than ER, but also than C1. In males, C1-C2 showed significant differences at 6-8, 11 and 12 years and in females at all ages. Then, respect to ER each Argentinean cohort showed significant differences in males of C1 at 6, 12-14 years and in females at 6 and 11-14 years; and of C2, in both sexes, from 6 to 14 years. The PDM% values for elbow breadth of male were negative in ER-C1 in all percentiles analyzed; in ER-C2 positive (P3 and P50) and negative (P97) and C1-C2 recorded positive values. In females, elbow breadth showed negative values for ER-C1 (P50 and P97), and positive for the remaining values. Finally, height registered, in both sexes, negative values in ER-C1 (except P97 in females), ER-C2 and C1-C2. Conclusions: After ten years of the first study carried on in Puerto Madryn, school children show a negative trend in the external skeletal robustness. Additionally, the children of both Argentinean cohorts have lower values compared to the European reference, and mainly the actual cohort. This situation would be explained, in part, by the progressive increase over time of overweight and obesity as consequence, among others, of the change in the quantity and/or quality of the food that children have access to and with the physical activity they do at school and outside.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , República Tcheca , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Masculino , Polônia , Federação RussaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of high blood pressure in schoolchildren aged 4-14 years from urban peripheral areas of the city of La Plata, and analyze variations in high blood pressure prevalence by sex, age, excess weight and family socioeconomic status. Materials and methods: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body weight and height were measured in 3,312 schoolchildren of both sexes. The prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP), overweight and obesity was calculated. Socioeconomic information was obtained through a semi-structured survey and processed by categorical principal-component analysis. The prevalence of HBP was compared with sex, age and nutritional status (chi square test) and family socioeconomic status (generalized linear model) (p< 0,05). Results: The results showed that the prevalence of HBP was 20.5% and that it varied by age, nutritional status and family socioeconomic status. Sexual differences were observed only in HBP obese schoolchildren. Conclusions: Children and adolescents living in urban peripheral areas of the city of La Plata, Argentina, presented higher HBP prevalence. While HBP prevalence was higher among overweight/obese children, those aged >8 years and those of more favorable family socioeconomic status, sex did not affect HBP development. However, when HBP was analyzed associated with nutritional status, obese boys were more likely to have HBP than girls.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de la presión arterial elevada (PAE) en escolares de 4 a 14 años de edad residentes en áreas periféricas de la ciudad de La Plata y analizar variaciones de acuerdo al sexo, la edad, el exceso ponderal y el nivel socioeconómico familiar. Materiales y Métodos: Se registraron los valores la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica y se relevaron el peso y la talla de 3.312 escolares de ambos sexos. Se determinaron los casos de PAE, sobrepeso y obesidad y se calcularon prevalencias por sexo y edad. La información socioeconómica familiar fue obtenida a través de una encuesta y procesada mediante análisis de componentes principales. Las prevalencias de PAE se compararon por sexo, edad, estado nutricional (pruebas de chi cuadrado) y nivel socioeconómico familiar (modelo lineal generalizado) (p< 0,05). Resultados: El 20.5% de los escolares presentó PAE, con variaciones de acuerdo a la edad, el estado nutricional y el nivel socioeconómico. Sólo se observaron diferencias sexuales en los escolares obesos. Conclusiones: Los niños y adolescentes que viven en áreas periféricas de la ciudad de La Plata presentan elevadas prevalencias de PAE. Aquellos con sobrepeso/obesidad, con edades >8 años y los provenientes de familias con nivel socioeconómico más favorable evidencian mayores prevalencias de PAE. Los varones obesos son más propensos que las mujeres obesas a presentar presión arterial elevada.
RESUMO
La menarca constituye un hito madurativo importante. A escala mundial ocurre, en promedio, a los 12,5 años y está sujeta a factores genéticos y/o ambientales. El objetivo fue analizar, en niñas residentes en la periferia urbana de La Plata: a) la edad mediana de menarca y b) si el estado nutricional y la distribución adiposa influyen en la edad de ocurrencia de menarca. Se evaluaron, durante los ciclos 2014-2017, en 657 niñas de 10-14 años: presencia(P)/ausencia(A) de menarca, peso, talla y pliegues subcutáneos tricipital y subescapular. Se determinaron: edad mediana de menarca (EM) según método status quo y regresión logística; estado nutricional -desnutrición, exceso ponderal y normonutrición- empleando como referencia y puntos de corte a la OMS; y distribución de adiposidad según índice subescapular/tricipital, considerando valores >1 indicativos de adiposidad centralizada. Se calcularon en general y por estado nutricional la EM y las prevalencias de ocurrencia comparándose mediante Chi2. La menarca estuvo presente en el 44,10% de las niñas con EM de 12,13 años. Alrededor del 54% de las niñas se mantuvo dentro de los límites normales (P: 41,20%; EM: 12,28 años) y el 45,70% estaban desnutridas; de estas 4,90% mostraron desnutrición debido a la baja estatura (P: 25,00%; MS: 13,40 años) y 40,80% tenían exceso de peso (P: 50,40%; MS: 11,78 años). El 32,72% de las niñas tenían adiposidad centralizada (P: 59,10%; EM: 11,79 años). Los resultados permiten concluir que el estado nutricional influye en la edad mediana de ocurrencia de la menarca, la cual es mayor en las niñas desnutridas y menor en las niñas con exceso ponderal. La disposición centralizada de la adiposidad favorece la presencia de menarca(AU)
Menarche is an important maturation milestone. It normally occurs at an average age of 12.5 years and is influenced by genetic and/or environmental factors. The aim of this study was to analyze in girls residing at suburbs of La Plata city a) the median age of menarche; b) if nutritional status and fat distribution have any influence in the age of menarche. During years 2014 to 2017, 657 girls aged between 10 and 14 years(y) were surveyed, determining: presence(P)/absence(A) of menarche, weight, height, and tricipital and subscapular skinfolds. It was measured: median age of menarche (MA) according to the status quo method and logistic regression; nutritional status -undernutrition, excess weight, and normonutrition- using WHO as a reference and their cut-off points; and the distribution of adiposity through the use of subscapular/tricipital index, considering values >1 an indicative of centralized adiposity. The median age of menarche was calculated both in the general sample and by nutritional status; general and age-prevalence of menarche were compared by Chi2. Menarche was present in 44.10% of the girls with MS of 12.13 years. About 54% of the population stayed within normal limits (P: 41.20%; MS: 12.28 years) and 45.70% were malnourished; of these 4.90% showed malnutrition due to short stature (P: 25.00 %; MS: 13.40 years) and 40.80% had weight excess (P: 50.40%; MS: 11.78 years). 32.72% of the girls had centralized adiposity (P: 59.10%; MS: 11.79 years). These results allow us to conclude that nutritional status influences the median age of menarche: it is higher in undernourished girls and lower in those with weight excess. Centralized disposition of adiposity promotes the presence of menarche(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Peso-Estatura , Menarca , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade Abdominal , Condições Sociais , Peso Corporal , Nutrição do AdolescenteRESUMO
Introducción: La circunferencia del brazo (CB) se reconoce como buen indicador del estado nutricional. Objetivo: Estimar los percentilos de referencia para la CB y las áreas muscular (AM) y grasa (AG) del brazo en la población infantojuvenil argentina mediante el empleo del método LMS (lambda, mu, sigma, en inglés). Materiales y métodos: La muestra estuvo constituida por escolares de 4,0 a 13,9 años residentes en Jujuy, Catamarca, Misiones, Buenos Aires, Mendoza y Chubut. Las mediciones antropométricas de la CB y del pliegue tricipital se realizaron entre 2003 y 2008 siguiendo protocolos estandarizados. Se estimaron las AM, AG, se calcularon los percentilos por edad y sexo, y se compararon mediante el análisis de la varianza. Resultados: Se incluyeron 22 736 escolares (11 397 varones y 11 339 mujeres). Los valores correspondientes al percentilo 50 fueron superiores, en las mujeres, para CB y AG, y, en los varones, para AM. Las curvas de CB presentaron incrementos más marcados a partir de los 7 años en todos los percentilos, para ambos sexos. Un patrón similar se observó para AM, con valores superiores en los varones. Por último, el AG mostró aumento constante en las mujeres y estabilización en los varones a partir de los 11 años. Se observaron diferencias para la edad. Conclusiones: Los valores de percentilos, tabulados y graficados, de la CB y de las AM y AG del brazo pueden constituir una referencia local para estudios epidemiológicos y antropológicos.
Introduction: Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is widely recognized as an adequate indicator of nutritional status. Objective: To estimate the reference percentiles for MUAC, upper arm muscle area (UAMA), and upper arm fat area (UAFA) in the Argentine child and adolescent population using the LMS method (lambda, mu, sigma) Materials and methods: The sample was made up of schoolchildren aged 4.0-13.9 years living in Jujuy, Catamarca, Misiones, Buenos Aires, Mendoza, and Chubut. MUAC and tricipital skinfold anthropometric measurements were obtained between 2003 and 2008 as per standardized protocols. UAMA and UAFA were calculated, and percentiles by age and sex were estimated and compared using an analysis of variance. Results: A total of 22 736 schoolchildren (11 397 boys and 11 339 girls) were included. The 50th percentile was higher for the MUAC and UAFA among girls and for the UAMA among boys. The MUAC curves showed sharper increases as of 7 years old in all percentiles among both boys and girls. A similar pattern was observed for the UAMA, with higher values among boys. Lastly, the UAFA showed a constant increase among girls and a stabilization among boys as of 11 years old. Differences for age were observed. Conclusions: The tabulated and plotted percentiles and the MUAC, UAMA, and UAFA may be used as local references for epidemiological and anthropological studies.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Argentina , Valores de Referência , Circunferência Braquial , Composição Corporal , AntropometriaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is widely recognized as an adequate indicator of nutritional status. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the reference percentiles for MUAC, upper arm muscle area (UAMA), and upper arm fat area (UAFA) in the Argentine child and adolescent population using the LMS method (lambda, mu, sigma). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample was made up of schoolchildren aged 4.0-13.9 years living in Jujuy, Catamarca, Misiones, Buenos Aires, Mendoza, and Chubut. MUAC and tricipital skinfold anthropometric measurements were obtained between 2003 and 2008 as per standardized protocols. UAMA and UAFA were calculated, and percentiles by age and sex were estimated and compared using an analysis of variance. RESULTS: A total of 22 736 schoolchildren (11 397 boys and 11 339 girls) were included. The 50th percentile was higher for the MUAC and UAFA among girls and for the UAMA among boys. The MUAC curves showed sharper increases as of 7 years old in all percentiles among both boys and girls. A similar pattern was observed for the UAMA, with higher values among boys. Lastly, the UAFA showed a constant increase among girls and a stabilization among boys as of 11 years old. Differences for age were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The tabulated and plotted percentiles and the MUAC, UAMA, and UAFA may be used as local references for epidemiological and anthropological studies.
Introducción: La circunferencia del brazo (CB) se reconoce como buen indicador del estado nutricional. Objetivo: Estimar los percentilos de referencia para la CB y las áreas muscular (AM) y grasa (AG) del brazo en la población infantojuvenil argentina mediante el empleo del método LMS (lambda, mu, sigma, en inglés). Materiales y métodos: La muestra estuvo constituida por escolares de 4,0 a 13,9 años residentes en Jujuy, Catamarca, Misiones, Buenos Aires, Mendoza y Chubut. Las mediciones antropométricas de la CB y del pliegue tricipital se realizaron entre 2003 y 2008 siguiendo protocolos estandarizados. Se estimaron las AM, AG, se calcularon los percentilos por edad y sexo, y se compararon mediante el análisis de la varianza. Resultados: Se incluyeron 22 736 escolares (11 397 varones y 11 339 mujeres). Los valores correspondientes al percentilo 50 fueron superiores, en las mujeres, para CB y AG, y, en los varones, para AM. Las curvas de CB presentaron incrementos más marcados a partir de los 7 años en todos los percentilos, para ambos sexos. Un patrón similar se observó para AM, con valores superiores en los varones. Por último, el AG mostró aumento constante en las mujeres y estabilización en los varones a partir de los 11 años. Se observaron diferencias para la edad. Conclusiones: Los valores de percentilos, tabulados y graficados, de la CB y de las AM y AG del brazo pueden constituir una referencia local para estudios epidemiológicos y antropológicos.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/anatomia & histologia , Braço/anatomia & histologia , Músculo Esquelético/anatomia & histologia , Adolescente , Argentina , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Background: mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), subcutaneous fat and muscle measurements are an alternative method to diagnose overweight and evaluate growth as well as protein and energy reserves. Aim: to compare MUAC, arm muscle area (AMA) and arm fat area (AFA) measurements of Argentinean boys and girls (Sa) with reference curves for US boys and girls (R). Subjects and methods: data from 22,736 school-children aged 4-14 years from six Argentinean provinces were collected. MUAC and triceps skinfold thickness were measured and the derived AMA and AFA measures were calculated. Analyses were performed with GAMLSS using the R software. Differences in mean values of Sa and R were compared in percentiles 3, 50 and 97. Results: mean values of MUAC and AMA in boys and girls were higher in R than in Sa at all ages; conversely, AFA values were lower. Conclusions: our results confirm differences in upper arm anthropometry of Argentinean school-children with respect to the US reference. The higher adipose tissue and lower skeletal muscle mass observed in Argentinean children could be partly associated with the different ethnic origin of both populations. However, differences should be interpreted in the context of an obesogenic environment, which has favored a calorie-protein imbalance.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Antecedentes: la medición de la circunferencia del brazo (MUAC), así como la estimación de la grasa subcutánea y muscular constituyen un método alternativo para diagnosticar el sobrepeso y evaluar el crecimiento y las reservas proteicas y energéticas. Objetivo: comparar las mediciones de MUAC, área muscular (AMA) y área grasa (AFA) del brazo de niños y niñas argentinos (Sa) con curvas de referencia para niños y niñas de Estados Unidos (R). Sujetos y métodos: se recopilaron datos de 22,736 escolares de 4 a 14 años de edad de seis provincias argentinas. Se obtuvieron medidas de MUAC y pliegue subcutáneo tricipital y se calcularon AMA y AFA. Los análisis se realizaron con GAMLSS utilizando el software R. Las diferencias en los valores medios de Sa y R se compararon para los percentiles 3, 50 y 97. Resultados: a todas las edades los valores medios de MUAC y AMA en niños y niñas fueron más altos en R que en Sa; por el contrario, los valores de AFA fueron más bajos. Conclusiones: nuestros resultados confirman la existencia de diferencias en la antropometría mesobraquial de los niños argentinos con respecto a los de la referencia. La mayor cantidad de tejido adiposo y menor de tejido muscular observada en los niños argentinos de ambos sexos puede ser parcialmente asociada con el diferente origen étnico de ambas poblaciones. Sin embargo, las diferencias podrían interpretarse en el contexto de un ambiente obesogénico, el cual habría favorecido el desbalance proteico-calórico.
Assuntos
Adiposidade , Braço/anatomia & histologia , Músculo Esquelético/anatomia & histologia , Adolescente , Antropometria , Argentina , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Sobrepeso/diagnóstico , Caracteres Sexuais , Dobras Cutâneas , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate intestinal parasitosis, undernutrition and socio-environmental factors in schoolchildren from Clorinda (Formosa, Argentina). Materials and Methods Serial fecal samples and anal swabs of 114 schoolchildren, canine feces and soil samples were analyzed. Body weight and height of 215 schoolchildren were measured and undernutrition was estimated according to the World Health Organization criteria. Socio-environmental variables were assessed by means of a semi-structured questionnaire. Results 78.1% of children were infected by at least one of the 12 species identified and 70.8% had multiple parasitic infections. Blastocystis sp., Giardia lamblia and Enterobius vermicularis were the most prevalent. Additionally, 17.5% of children were infected by at least one geohelminth (e.g. Ascarislumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworms). 64.3% of canine of canine feces were positive and six parasitic species were found; the most frequent were Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala and G. lamblia. Furthermore, 37.5% of soil samples showed zoonotic parasites (i.e. Ascaris sp., Toxocara sp.). Finally, 10.0% of the children were undernourished and 85.7% of them had parasites. The risk for parasitosis was higher in children that lived in houses with inadequate solid waste disposal and whose parents were unemployed or had temporary jobs. Conclusions The lack of environmental sanitation, unstable employment of parents and the presence of zoonotic species were the most relevant factors observed. Consequently, these conditions result in an increase of parasitic infections and negatively influence the growth of children.(AU)
RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar la parasitosis intestinal, la desnutrición y los factores socio-ambientales en escolares de Clorinda (Formosa, Argentina). Materiales y Métodos Se analizaron muestras fecales y escobillados anales seriados de 114 escolares, heces caninas y muestras de suelo. Se midió el peso corporal y la talla de 215 escolares y se evaluó la desnutrición según los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Las variables socio-ambientales se evaluaron mediante una encuesta semiestructurada. Resultados El 78,1% de los niños estuvieron parasitados por al menos 1 de las 12 especies identificadas y el 70,8% presentó parasitosis múltiples. Blastocystis sp., Giardia lamblia y Enterobius vermicularis fueron las más prevalentes. Además, el 17,5% de los niños estaban infectados con al menos un geohelminto (e.g. Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, ancylostomideos). El 64,3% de las heces caninas resultaron positivas y se encontraron seis especies parasitarias; las más frecuentes fueron Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala y G. lamblia. Además, el 37,5% de las muestras de suelo mostraron parásitos zoonóticos (i.e. Ascaris sp., Toxocara sp.). Finalmente, el 10% de los niños estaban desnutridos y el 85,7% de ellos resultaron parasitados. El riesgo de parasitosis fue mayor en los niños que vivían en casas con eliminación inadecuada de desechos sólidos y cuyos padres estaban desempleados o tenían empleos temporales. Conclusiones La falta de saneamiento ambiental, el empleo inestable de los padres y la presencia de especies zoo-nóticas fueron los factores observados más relevantes. En consecuencia, estas condiciones resultan en un aumento de las infecciones parasitarias e influyen negativamente en el crecimiento de los niños.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Doenças Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/diagnóstico , Meio Ambiente , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fezes/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate intestinal parasitosis, undernutrition and socio-environmental factors in schoolchildren from Clorinda (Formosa, Argentina). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serial fecal samples and anal swabs of 114 schoolchildren, canine feces and soil samples were analyzed. Body weight and height of 215 schoolchildren were measured and undernutrition was estimated according to the World Health Organization criteria. Socio-environmental variables were assessed by means of a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS: 78.1% of children were infected by at least one of the 12 species identified and 70.8% had multiple parasitic infections. Blastocystis sp., Giardia lamblia and Enterobius vermicularis were the most prevalent. Additionally, 17.5% of children were infected by at least one geohelminth (e.g. Ascarislumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworms). 64.3% of canine of canine feces were positive and six parasitic species were found; the most frequent were Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala and G. lamblia. Furthermore, 37.5% of soil samples showed zoonotic parasites (i.e. Ascaris sp., Toxocara sp.). Finally, 10.0% of the children were undernourished and 85.7% of them had parasites. The risk for parasitosis was higher in children that lived in houses with inadequate solid waste disposal and whose parents were unemployed or had temporary jobs. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of environmental sanitation, unstable employment of parents and the presence of zoonotic species were the most relevant factors observed. Consequently, these conditions result in an increase of parasitic infections and negatively influence the growth of children.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the nutritional status of child populations living in four counties of the province of Buenos Aires to observe differences related to particular environmental and socioeconomic contexts in the framework of the nutrition transition. During the school years corresponding to the 2008-2012 period, weight and height were measured and body mass index was calculated for 7,873 school children between the ages of 4 and 12 years from the counties of La Plata, Brandsen, Magdalena and Punta Indio. Information about the contexts of residence was obtained using self-administered structured surveys. About 40% of schoolchildren presented malnutrition, with a prevalence of overweight in La Plata, obesity in Punta Indio and undernutrition in Magdalena. The nutritional status of the study populations was associated with the socioenvironmental conditions of residence, indicating that these populations are at different stages of the nutrition transition process.
El objetivo fue evaluar y comparar el estado nutricional en poblaciones infanto-juveniles residentes en cuatro partidos de la provincia de Buenos Aires y observar si existen diferencias vinculadas a los contextos ambientales y socioeconómicos particulares, en el marco de la transición nutricional. Entre los ciclos lectivos 2008-2012, se relevó el peso y la talla y se calculó el índice de masa corporal de 7.873 escolares, entre 4 y 12 años de edad, residentes en los partidos de La Plata, Brandsen, Magdalena y Punta Indio. La información acerca del contexto de residencia se obtuvo mediante encuesta estructurada y autoadministrada. Alrededor del 40% de los escolares presentó malnutrición, y prevalecieron el sobrepeso en La Plata, la obesidad en Punta Indio y la desnutrición en Magdalena. El estado nutricional se vinculó con las condiciones socioambientales de residencia y dio cuenta de que estas poblaciones se ubican en distintas etapas del proceso de transición nutricional.
Assuntos
Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Desnutrição/etiologia , Obesidade Infantil/diagnóstico , Obesidade Infantil/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess nutritional condition in two cohorts (C) of children from households with different Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) attending neighborhood schools in Puerto Madryn, Argentina. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on six to 11 year-old children attending seven neighborhood schools surveyed in the periods 2001-2006 (C1, n=2 040) and 2014-2016 (C2, n=1 696) was performed. Weight, height and body mass index were measured using the World Health Organization cut-off values for nutritional condition. Neighborhood structural poverty was determined with percent UBN from the 2001 and 2010 census. Chi2 was used to compare the prevalence of nutritional condition between C and UBN categories. RESULTS: In the seven neighborhoods analyzed, percent UBN was 0%-10% (n=3), 10%-25% (n=2) and 25%-50% (n=1), without changes in the period 2001-2010. In the remaining neighborhood, UBN increased from 25%-50% to >50%. The nutritional evaluation of children showed significant differences in the prevalence of obesity in most schools, while low height-for-age and overweight prevalence was significant only in one school. Comparison of C1 and C2 only showed significant differences in the prevalence of obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Structural poverty rates in Puerto Madryn neighborhoods were mostly unchanged; however, the nutritional condition of children was different: while the prevalence of chronic malnutrition did not change or decreased, the prevalence of obesity increased in all neighborhoods. Our findings could help to determine changes in the context of resident population and identify vulnerable groups.
OBJETIVO: Estimar el estado nutricional de dos cohortes (C) de niños concurrentes a escuelas de barrios con diferentes Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (NBI) de Puerto Madryn, Argentina. MÉTODOS: Investigación transversal. Se midieron peso y talla de niños de seis a 11 años asistentes a escuelas ubicadas en siete barrios. La C1 (n=2 040) fue relevada entre 2001-2006 y C2 (n=1 696) entre 2014-2016. Se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal y se emplearon los puntos de corte de la OMS para determinar el estado nutricional. Para estimar la pobreza estructural se extrajeron, para 2001 y 2010, los porcentajes de NBI censales de cada barrio. Las prevalencias de estado nutricional entre cohortes y categorías de NBI se compararon mediante Chi2. RESULTADOS: En los siete barrios analizados, las NBI fueron: 0%-10% (n=3), 10%-25% (n=2) y 25%-50% (n=1), sin variación entre 2001-2010. En otro barrio, las NBI aumentaron de 25%-50% a >50%. Al evaluar el estado nutricional de los niños de cada escuela hubo diferencias para obesidad en la mayoría de ellas y para baja talla/edad y sobrepeso solo en una. La comparación C1-C2 indicó diferencias para obesidad. CONCLUSIONES: Los barrios de Puerto Madryn conservan, en gran parte, sus niveles de pobreza estructural. No ocurre lo mismo con el estado nutricional de los niños: mientras las prevalencias de desnutrición crónica se mantienen o descienden, las de obesidad aumentan en todos los barrios. El análisis efectuado permite evaluar transformaciones del contexto de residencia de la población e identificar grupos vulnerables.
Assuntos
Desnutrição/etiologia , Obesidade Infantil/etiologia , Pobreza , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Doença Crônica , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
RESUMEN El objetivo fue evaluar y comparar el estado nutricional en poblaciones infanto-juveniles residentes en cuatro partidos de la provincia de Buenos Aires y observar si existen diferencias vinculadas a los contextos ambientales y socioeconómicos particulares, en el marco de la transición nutricional. Entre los ciclos lectivos 2008-2012, se relevó el peso y la talla y se calculó el índice de masa corporal de 7.873 escolares, entre 4 y 12 años de edad, residentes en los partidos de La Plata, Brandsen, Magdalena y Punta Indio. La información acerca del contexto de residencia se obtuvo mediante encuesta estructurada y autoadministrada. Alrededor del 40% de los escolares presentó malnutrición, y prevalecieron el sobrepeso en La Plata, la obesidad en Punta Indio y la desnutrición en Magdalena. El estado nutricional se vinculó con las condiciones socioambientales de residencia y dio cuenta de que estas poblaciones se ubican en distintas etapas del proceso de transición nutricional.
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the nutritional status of child populations living in four counties of the province of Buenos Aires to observe differences related to particular environmental and socioeconomic contexts in the framework of the nutrition transition. During the school years corresponding to the 2008-2012 period, weight and height were measured and body mass index was calculated for 7,873 school children between the ages of 4 and 12 years from the counties of La Plata, Brandsen, Magdalena and Punta Indio. Information about the contexts of residence was obtained using self-administered structured surveys. About 40% of schoolchildren presented malnutrition, with a prevalence of overweight in La Plata, obesity in Punta Indio and undernutrition in Magdalena. The nutritional status of the study populations was associated with the socioenvironmental conditions of residence, indicating that these populations are at different stages of the nutrition transition process.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Estado Nutricional , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Desnutrição/etiologia , Obesidade Infantil/diagnóstico , Obesidade Infantil/etiologiaRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo Estimar el estado nutricional de dos cohortes (C) de niños concurrentes a escuelas de barrios con diferentes Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (NBI) de Puerto Madryn, Argentina. Métodos Investigación transversal. Se midieron peso y talla de niños de seis a 11 años asistentes a escuelas ubicadas en siete barrios. La C1 (n=2 040) fue relevada entre 2001-2006 y C2 (n=1 696) entre 2014-2016. Se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal y se emplearon los puntos de corte de la OMS para determinar el estado nutricional. Para estimar la pobreza estructural se extrajeron, para 2001 y 2010, los porcentajes de NBI censales de cada barrio. Las prevalencias de estado nutricional entre cohortes y categorías de NBI se compararon mediante Chi2. Resultados En los siete barrios analizados, las NBI fueron: 0%-10% (n=3), 10%-25% (n=2) y 25%-50% (n=1), sin variación entre 2001-2010. En otro barrio, las NBI aumentaron de 25%-50% a >50%. Al evaluar el estado nutricional de los niños de cada escuela hubo diferencias para obesidad en la mayoría de ellas y para baja talla/edad y sobrepeso solo en una. La comparación C1-C2 indicó diferencias para obesidad. Conclusiones Los barrios de Puerto Madryn conservan, en gran parte, sus niveles de pobreza estructural. No ocurre lo mismo con el estado nutricional de los niños: mientras las prevalencias de desnutrición crónica se mantienen o descienden, las de obesidad aumentan en todos los barrios. El análisis efectuado permite evaluar transformaciones del contexto de residencia de la población e identificar grupos vulnerables.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objective To assess nutritional condition in two cohorts (C) of children from households with different Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) attending neighborhood schools in Puerto Madryn, Argentina. Methods A cross-sectional study on six to 11 year-old children attending seven neighborhood schools surveyed in the periods 2001-2006 (C1, n=2 040) and 2014-2016 (C2, n=1 696) was performed. Weight, height and body mass index were measured using the World Health Organization cut-off values for nutritional condition. Neighborhood structural poverty was determined with percent UBN from the 2001 and 2010 census. Chi2 was used to compare the prevalence of nutritional condition between C and UBN categories. Results In the seven neighborhoods analyzed, percent UBN was 0%-10% (n=3), 10%-25% (n=2) and 25%-50% (n=1), without changes in the period 2001-2010. In the remaining neighborhood, UBN increased from 25%-50% to >50%. The nutritional evaluation of children showed significant differences in the prevalence of obesity in most schools, while low height-for-age and overweight prevalence was significant only in one school. Comparison of C1 and C2 only showed significant differences in the prevalence of obesity. Conclusions Structural poverty rates in Puerto Madryn neighborhoods were mostly unchanged; however, the nutritional condition of children was different: while the prevalence of chronic malnutrition did not change or decreased, the prevalence of obesity increased in all neighborhoods. Our findings could help to determine changes in the context of resident population and identify vulnerable groups.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Pobreza , Estado Nutricional , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Sobrepeso/diagnóstico , Argentina , Estudos Transversais/instrumentação , Estudos de CoortesRESUMO
ntecedentes:se considera que el conocimiento que guía nuestras prácticas es socialmente elaborado y compartido y que la variabilidad en las elecciones en torno a la alimentación se relaciona con la variabilidad en las condiciones de vida.Objetivo: indagar acerca de prácticas (acciones) y representaciones (ideas subyacentes) en torno a la alimentación de familias con al menos un niño/a de 3 a 6 años de edad residentes en distintos ambientes socio-económicos del departamento de Villaguay, Entre Ríos, Argentina.Metodología:en establecimientos educativos públicos de la zona urbana (Ur), periurbana (Pe) y rural (Ru) del departamento de Villaguay, padres y madres fueron invitados a desarrollar voluntariamente encuestas asistidas, obteniéndose un total de 303 encuestas (109 Ur, 133 Pe y 61 Ru). Los resultados se analizaron y compararon entre zonas mediante pruebas de Chi2.Resultados y conclusiones:el análisis de los datos evidenció diferencias para algunas prácticas y representaciones exhibiendo, además, estrecha relación con la variabilidad en las condiciones de vida. Así, por ejemplo, mientras que las familias urbanas, de más alto nivel socio-económico, elegían sus alimentos principalmente por las marcas, en las familias más carenciadas del periurbano, el precio era el factor determinante. Por último, la zona rural presentó características socio-económicas intermedias y se observó una mayor participación de toda la familia en actividades relacionadas a la alimentación. No obstante, también se detectaron ciertas uniformidades independientes de las condiciones socio-económicas, como la práctica de consumo entre comidas o la preocupación por lograr una "buena alimentación", dando cuenta de que algunos aspectos trascienden las fronteras de los subsistemas socioculturales
ackground:It is known that the knowledge that guides our practices is socially elaborated and that the variability in food choices is related to the variability in living conditions.Objetive: To inquire about practices (actions) and representations (underlying ideas) about the feeding of families with at least one child from 3 to 6 years old living in different socio-economic environments of the Villaguay district, Entre Ríos, Argentina.Methodology:In public educational establishments of the urban (Ur), periurban (Pe) and rural (Ru) areas of the department of Villaguay, parents were invited to voluntarily develop assisted surveys, obtaining a total of 303 surveys (109 Ur, 133 Pe and 61 Ru).Results and Conclusions:The analysis of the data showed differences between zones for some practices and representations, also exhibiting their close relationship with the variability of the living conditions. For example, while urban families of higher socioeconomic status chose their food primarily for brands, in the most deprived families of the periurban, price was the determining factor. Finally, the rural area had intermediate socio-economic characteristics and a greater participation of the whole family in activities related to food was observed. However, certain uniformities, independent of the socioeconomic differences, were also detected, such as the practice of eating between meals or the concern to achieve "a good food", noting that some aspects transcend the boundaries of sociocultural subsystems.
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OBJECTIVE: Determine the distribution of intestinal parasitosis in children in nine provinces representative of Argentina's mosaic of contrasting environments. METHODS: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study of preschool children (5 years old or under) and school-age children (6-14 years) in the provinces of Buenos Aires (sample taken between 2005 and 2013), Chubut (2010-2013), Corrientes (2012), Entre Ríos (2010-2012), Formosa (2014), La Pampa (2006), Mendoza (2008-2011), Misiones (2005-2008 and 2013), and Salta (2012-2013). Serial samples, fecal samples, and anal swabs were processed using concentration techniques. The results were analyzed by sex, age interval, and province. Frequency of parasitosis (monoparasitosis and multiple parasitoses), wealth of species, and Sørensen similarity coefficient were calculated. RESULTS: Misiones presented the highest frequency of parasitized children and Chubut the lowest (82.0% vs 38.4%; p < 0.01). The number of species was greatest in Misiones and Buenos Aires and lowest in Chubut and La Pampa. Men were parasitized more than women only in Buenos Aires. The highest frequencies were found in preschool children in Buenos Aires and schoolchildren in Mendoza and Misiones (p < 0.05). Monoparasitosis was most frequent in Chubut (67.9%) and multiple parasitosis in Formosa (69.2%). The most frequent species in the majority of provinces were Blastocystis sp. and Enterobius vermicularis. Misiones presented the highest frequency of soil-transmitted helminthes (23.3%) and Mendoza the lowest (0.6%); none were found in Chubut, La Pampa, or Salta. Buenos Aires, Formosa, and Misiones presented a similar species composition, as did Chubut and La Pampa. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of parasitosis in Argentina corresponds to the country's complex mosaic of climatic and socioeconomic variability and shows a declining trend from north to south and from east to west.
Assuntos
Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , MasculinoRESUMO
Objetivo:Indagar a) si existen diferencias en las condiciones de vida estimadas a partir de variables socio-económicas, entre familias con niños de 3 a 6 años de edad, residentes en zonas urbana, periurbana y rural del departamento de Villaguay, Entre Ríos, Argentina; y b) en caso de haberlas, si esas diferencias se expresan en el estado nutricional infantil y en la percepción de inseguridad alimentaria en los hogares (PIAH) (en lo que respecta al acceso).Población y Métodos:El estudio fue de tipo transversal e incluyó 303 niños de 3 a 6 años de edad. Para el estudio antropométrico se tomaron peso corporal y estatura, y se empleó la referencia The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Frisancho, 2008) para determinar los indicadores de estado nutricional. La información socio-económica se relevó mediante una encuesta semiestructurada, mientras que la PIAH se obtuvo a partir de la encuesta propuesta por la Academia para el Desarrollo Educativo. Ambas encuestas fueron completadas por los padres de los niños medidos antropométricamente.Resultados y Conclusiones:En general se observó que las poblaciones estudiadas presentaron diferencias socio- económicas en relación con el nivel educativo y empleo paterno y materno, hacinamiento crítico, cobertura de salud, entre otras; estas diferencias se expresarían en la distribución diferencial de la malnutrición infantil y de la percepción de las limitaciones que los padres manifestaron tener a una buena alimentación tanto en términos de cantidad como de calidad.
Objective:To inquire: a) if there are differences in living conditions estimated through socio-economic variables among families with 3 to 6 years old children, living in urban, peri-urban and rural areas of Villaguay department, Entre Ríos, Argentina; and b) in case there is any, whether these differences are expressed in child nutritional status and in the perception of households food insecurity (PHFI) (regarding access).Population and Methods:The study was transverse and included 303 children aged 3 to 6 years old. For the anthropometric study, we considered body weight and height, along with The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Frisancho, 2008) reference to determine nutritional status indicators. Socioeconomic information was inquired through a semistructured survey, while the PHFI was obtained from the survey proposed by the Academy for Educational Development (AED), both filled by parents of children measured anthropometrically.Results and Conclusion:In general, it was observed that the studied populations showed socio-economic differences in relation to parental education level and employment, critical overcrowding, and health insurance, among others; these differences might be expressed in the differential distribution of children malnutrition and in the perception of the limitations that parents said to have to a good nutrition both in terms of quantity and quality.
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The analysis of nutritional status is anthropologically important to address the complex interaction of biological, social, political, economic and cultural factors. To deepen the knowledge about contexts of occurrence of child malnutrition, we analyzed nutritional status in relation to socio-environmental conditions of residence in children between three and six years from Villaguay, Entre Ríos, Argentina. We performed a cross-sectional study of 1,435 school children of both sexes. Body weight and height were measured and prevalence of low height/age (LH/A), low weight/age (LW/A), low BMI/age (LBMI/A), overweight (Ow) and obesity (Ob) was calculated using World Health Organization reference charts. Socio-environmental information was obtained through a semi-structured survey and processed by Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CatPCA). Anthropometric data showed 1.5% LW/A, 5.2% LH/A; 0.6% LBMI/A, 20.9% Ow and 10.9% Ob. CatPCA allowed us to define four groups (G1-G4) with better (G2), middle (G1) and worst (G4) urban socio-environmental conditions and one with rural characteristics (G3). G4 presented the highest LH/A prevalence and G2 the highest Ow and Ob prevalence (P<0.05). It is concluded that since the distribution of malnutrition was not even it may dependent on the context in which children grow up. Thus, the higher the socio-economic level, the higher the incidence of overweight and obesity. Conversely, at the other end of the social scale, undernutrition and increasing weight excess remained major health problems.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/epidemiologia , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Estatura/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Criança , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/etiologia , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/fisiopatologia , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/etiologia , Desnutrição/fisiopatologia , Análise Multivariada , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Sobrepeso/etiologia , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Prevalência , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Objetivo. Determinar la distribución de las enteroparasitosis en niños de nueve provincias representativas del mosaico de ambientes contrastantes de Argentina. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal en niños preescolares (de 5 años o menos) y escolares (de 6 a 14 años) de las provincias de Buenos Aires (muestra tomada entre 2005 y 2013), Chubut (2010-2013), Corrientes (2012), Entre Ríos (2010-2012), Formosa (2014), La Pampa (2006), Mendoza (2008-2011), Misiones (2005-2008 y 2013) y Salta (2012-2013). Se procesaron muestras seriadas, fecales y de escobillado anal, mediante técnicas de concentración. Los resultados se analizaron por sexo, intervalo de edad y provincia. Se calcularon la frecuencia de parasitosis (monoparasitosis y parasitosis múltiple), la riqueza de especies y el coeficiente de similitud de Sørensen. Resultados. Misiones presentó la mayor frecuencia de niños parasitados y Chubut la menor (82,0% vs. 38,4%; p ˂ 0,01). El número de especies fue mayor en Misiones y Buenos Aires y menor en Chubut y La Pampa. Los varones estuvieron más parasitados que las mujeres solo en Buenos Aires. Las mayores frecuencias se encontraron en los preescolares de Buenos Aires y los escolares de Mendoza y Misiones (p < 0,05). La monoparasitosis fue más frecuente en Chubut (67,9%) y las parasitosis múltiples en Formosa (69,2%). Las especies más frecuentes en la mayoría de las provincias fueron Blastocystis sp. y Enterobius vermicularis. De los geohelmintos, Misiones presentó la mayor frecuencia (23,3%) y Mendoza la menor (0,6%); no se hallaron en Chubut, La Pampa y Salta. Buenos Aires, Formosa y Misiones presentaron una composición de especies similar, al igual que Chubut y La Pampa. Conclusiones. Las frecuencias de parasitosis en Argentina responden al complejo mosaico de variabilidad climática y socioeconómica del país y revelan una tendencia descendente de norte a sur y de este a oeste.
Objective. Determine the distribution of intestinal parasitosis in children in nine provinces representative of Argentina’s mosaic of contrasting environments. Methods. Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study of preschool children (5 years old or under) and school-age children (6-14 years) in the provinces of Buenos Aires (sample taken between 2005 and 2013), Chubut (2010-2013), Corrientes (2012), Entre Ríos (2010-2012), Formosa (2014), La Pampa (2006), Mendoza (2008-2011), Misiones (2005-2008 and 2013), and Salta (2012-2013). Serial samples, fecal samples, and anal swabs were processed using concentration techniques. The results were analyzed by sex, age interval, and province. Frequency of parasitosis (monoparasitosis and multiple parasitoses), wealth of species, and Sørensen similarity coefficient were calculated. Results. Misiones presented the highest frequency of parasitized children and Chubut the lowest (82.0% vs 38.4%; p < 0.01). The number of species was greatest in Misiones and Buenos Aires and lowest in Chubut and La Pampa. Men were parasitized more than women only in Buenos Aires. The highest frequencies were found in preschool children in Buenos Aires and schoolchildren in Mendoza and Misiones (p < 0.05). Monoparasitosis was most frequent in Chubut (67.9%) and multiple parasitosis in Formosa (69.2%). The most frequent species in the majority of provinces were Blastocystis sp. and Enterobius vermicularis. Misiones presented the highest frequency of soil-transmitted helminthes (23.3%) and Mendoza the lowest (0.6%); none were found in Chubut, La Pampa, or Salta. Buenos Aires, Formosa, and Misiones presented a similar species composition, as did Chubut and La Pampa. Conclusions. The frequency of parasitosis in Argentina corresponds to the country’s complex mosaic of climatic and socioeconomic variability and shows a declining trend from north to south and from east to west.