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The description of the epidemiological indicators of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), such as the mortality rate (MR), the case fatality rate (CFR), and the attack rate (AR), as well as the geographical distribution and daily case reports, are used to evaluate the impact that this virus has had within the Colombian Army and its health system. As military forces around the world represent the force that defends sovereignty, independence, the integrity of the national territory, and the constitutional order, while maintaining migration controls in blocked border areas during this critical pandemic times, they must carry out strict epidemiological surveillance to control the situation among the servicemen. Up to date, the Colombian Army has faced a very high attack rate (AR = 8.55%) due, among others, to living conditions where active military personnel share bedrooms, bathrooms, and dining facilities, which facilitate the spread of the virus. However, being a mainly young and healthy population, the MR was 1.82 deaths/1,000 ha, while the CFR = 2.13% indexes consistently low if compared with those values reported for the national population. In addition, the effectiveness of vaccination is shown in daily cases of COVID-19, where, for the third peak, the active military population presented a decrease of positive patients compared to the dynamics of national transmission and the total population of the military forces (active, retired, and beneficiaries).
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Militares , SARS-CoV-2/classificação , COVID-19/virologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Egito/epidemiologia , HumanosRESUMO
The continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of novel variants have raised concerns about possible reinfection events and potential changes in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission dynamics. Utilizing Oxford Nanopore technologies, we sequenced paired samples of three patients with positive RT-PCR results in a 1-2-month window period, and subsequent phylogenetics and genetic polymorphism analysis of these genomes was performed. Herein, we report, for the first time, genomic evidence of one case of reinfection in Colombia, exhibiting different SARS-CoV-2 lineage classifications between samples (B.1 and B.1.1.269). Furthermore, we report two cases of possible viral persistence, highlighting the importance of deepening our understanding on the evolutionary intra-host traits of this virus throughout different timeframes of disease progression. These results emphasize the relevance of genomic surveillance as a tool for understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics, and how this may translate effectively to future control and mitigations efforts, such as the national vaccination program.
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En el presente artículo se brinda un análisis histórico y pedagógico de la formación médica en Cuba a partir del triunfo revolucionario. Se identifican las tendencias pedagógicas por las que discurre dicha formación, lo que caracteriza el movimiento del proceso en cada etapa históricamente determinada por estos autores. Este análisis permitió revelar 3 etapas, a partir de los principales hitos en el proceso de formación en valores del médico después de la Reforma Universitaria de 1962 hasta 2018 en Cuba y se precisó en cada una de ellas la concepción del proceso formativo del profesional de la carrera de medicina, así como las limitaciones metodológicas y didácticas del valor responsabilidad en dicho proceso.
A historical and pedagogical analysis of the medical training in Cuba from the revolutionary victory on, is presented in this work. The pedagogical tendencies through which this training goes are identified, what characterizes the movement of the process in each historically determined stage by these authors. This analysis allowed to reveal 3 stages, from the main landmarks in the values training process after the University Reform of 1962 to 2018 in Cuba and it was stated in each of them the conception of the professional training process for the medicine career, as well as the methodological and didactic limitations of the value responsibility in this process.
Assuntos
Faculdades de Medicina , Estudantes de Medicina/história , Educação Médica/históriaRESUMO
Introducción: la prótesis Inmediata es una alternativa de tratamiento protésico que sustituye inmediatamente los dientes extraídos. Generalmente se confecciona para reponer dientes anteriores, evitando el deterioro psíquico del paciente; en ocasiones, se hace necesario realizar además de las exodoncias de los dientes afectados, técnicas de cirugía preprotésica, como la Tuberoplastia o la Alveolectomía. Objetivo: mostrar que es posible realizar el tratamiento de rehabilitación con prótesis inmediata luego de una amplia resección quirúrgica. Presentación del caso: se presentó el caso de una paciente femenina de 58 años de edad, trabajadora activa, con antecedentes de buena salud. Refiriendo rechazo al período de desdentamiento. Al examen intrabucal presentaba incisivos centrales superiores con fractura oblicua mesial y movilidad de grado III por trauma, protrusión dentoalveolar marcada del sector anterosuperior, con resalte aumentado y reducción del espacio interalveolar en el sector posterior. Fue diagnosticada como desdentada parcial superior clase I, subclase I de Kennedy, y desdentada parcial Inferior clase I de Kennedy. Se decidió rehabilitar a la paciente por prótesis inmediata total superior, realizando previa Alveolectomía correctora y Tuberoplastia bilateral en una misma intervención quirúrgica. Resultados: con el tratamiento quirúrgico-aparatológico elegido se lograron excelentes resultados, mostrando las bondades de este tratamiento. Conclusiones: se obtuvo en la paciente buen resultado estético, funcional y psíquico.
Introduction: the Immediate Denture is a prosthetic treatment option. It substitutes the extracted teeth immediately. It is generally made to restore Front teeth, avoiding the patient's psychic trouble, sometimes becomes necessary to practice previous prosthetic surgery technics, such as reduction of hyperplastic tuberosities or Alveolectomy besides to make the exodontics of affected teeth. Objective: to show that it is possible to carry out the rehabilitation treatment with immediate prosthesis after a surgical wide resection. Case presentation: we presented a 58 year-old feminine patient, active worker with antecedents of good health. Besides she refereed she couldn't see herself without teeth. To the clinical exam it presents upper central incisors with mesial oblique fracture and III mobility grade, for trauma. Also shows marked dental and alveolar protrusion of the upper front sector, with increased overjet and overbite. And reduction of the interalveolar space in posterior area. Being diagnosed as upper partial toothless Kennedy's class I, subclass I, and inferior partial toothless Kennedy's class I.We decided to rehabilitate the patient for immediate complete upper denture carrying out previous Alveolectomy proofreader and bilateral reduction of hyperplastic tuberosities at the same surgical intervention. Results: with this prosthetic- surgical treatment excellent results were achieved showing the kindness of this treatment. Conclusions: an esthetic, functional and psychic good result was obtained for the patient.