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BACKGROUND: Health literacy (HL) is a key component of health promotion and sustainability and contributes to well-being. Despite its global relevance, HL is an under-researched topic in South America but is now debuting its exploration in Brazil. To leverage its benefits for South America, the mere translation of validated tools into Portuguese is insufficient. Rather, it is necessary to examine their validity. This study aims to assess the psychometric properties of the European Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLS-EU-BR47) using the Item Response Theory (IRT) in a population-based sample of adults in Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional online study was conducted across Brazil and included 1028 participants aged 18 years and above (80% women). Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, factor analysis, graded responses model, Item Characteristic Curve, HL levels based on this, HL standard calculation, IRT, and regular score correlation were computed. RESULTS: The instrument exhibit high reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.95). Factor analysis yielded one factor. IRT was appropriate for data analysis because it allowed quality evaluation of items and constructed a scale to quantify HL. The 47 items and latent features of respondents in the same unit of measurement are positioned in the construction of the HLS-EU-BR47 instrument. The percentages of individuals at each HL level, calculated using IRT, were found to be comparable to those obtained through the standard computation, e.g., 3.2% of people reported very low HL versus 10.8% inadequate HL, 56.2% reported low HL versus 39.5% problematic HL, 31.1% had moderate HL versus 30.1% sufficient HL, and 9.5% had high HL versus 19.7% with excellent HL. The mean HL scores were comparable between women and men (33.9 vs. 33.7, P = 0.36). CONCLUSION: This study provides new evidence of the validity of a widely used HL instrument for the population of South America (in this case, Brazil). This tool can be utilized by citizens, health professionals, and regional/national policymakers to inform the development of initiatives to assess and improve the HL of individuals, groups, and communities. Further studies are needed to confirm and extend the findings and to explore the influence of local cultures and practices in the vast Brazilian territory on HL.

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Co-use of marijuana and tobacco products is the second most common drug combination among adolescents. Nicotine (NIC) and cannabinoid use during adolescence induce similar detrimental changes, raising the hypothesis that simultaneous exposure could result in even more severe outcomes. Thus, we investigated whether the co-exposure to NIC and the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) in adolescent mice causes behavioral outcomes different from those observed after exposure to a single drug. Male Swiss mice were exposed twice daily to NIC, WIN, or NIC + WIN during adolescence (PND28-47) or adulthood (PND70-89). Drug combination led to a greater reduction in weight gain in adolescent mice, while NIC-induced weight loss was observed in adults. During administration, NIC provoked hypothermia, and WIN produced hyperlocomotion in adolescent and adult mice. Animals exposed to NIC + WIN presented a profile of changes similar to those exposed to NIC. After drug exposure, changes in locomotion, thigmotaxis, social preference, prepulse inhibition, and working and recognition memory were evaluated. Adolescent but not adult mice exposed to NIC showed withdrawal-related hyperlocomotion unaffected by WIN co-administration. An age-specific impairment in object recognition memory was induced only by drug co-exposure during adolescence, which resolved spontaneously before reaching early adulthood. A transient decrease in hippocampal α7 nAChR subunit and CB1 receptor mRNA levels was induced by NIC exposure, which may be involved but is not enough to explain the memory impairment. Our work confirms the potential of NIC and cannabinoids association to aggravate some of the individual drug effects during critical neurodevelopmental periods.

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This study analyzes the effect of lockdown due to COVID-19 on the spatiotemporal variability of ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in different provinces of continental Ecuador using satellite information from Sentinel - 5P. The statistical analysis includes data from 2018 to March 2021 and was performed based on three periods defined a priori: before, during, and after lockdown due to COVID-19, focusing on the provinces with the highest concentrations of the studied gases (hotspots). The results showed a significant decrease in NO2 concentrations during the COVID-19 lockdown period in all the study areas: the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ) and the provinces of Guayas and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas. In the period after lockdown, NO2 concentrations increased by over 20% when compared to the pre-lockdown period, which may be attributable to a shift towards private transportation due to health concerns. On the other hand, SO2 concentrations during the lockdown period showed irregular, non-significant variations; however, increases were observed in the provinces of Chimborazo, Guayas, Santa Elena, and Morona Santiago, which could be partly attributed to the eruptive activity of the Sangay volcano during 2019-2020. Conversely, O3 concentrations increased by 2-3% in the study areas; this anomalous behavior could be attributed to decreased levels of NOx, which react with ozone, reducing its concentration. Finally, satellite data validation using the corresponding data from monitoring stations in the DMQ showed correlation values of 0.9 for O3 data and 0.7 for NO2 data, while no significant correlation was found for SO2.

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Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is one of the most frequent overuse injuries in the ankle. The evidence base for its conservative management AT continues to evolve, but there is still a gap in the evidence for the efficacy of any modality of treatment in high-quality studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of EE in improving pain and function in adult patients with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy compared to other forms of exercise. A search was performed in PubMed, BIREME, SportDiscus, Cinahl, Web of Science and PEDro, in November 2022. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Risk of Bias 2 tool (RoB2) of the Cochrane collaboration, and the meta-analysis was performed using the Review Manager 5.1 program. 2024 articles were identified and eight fulfilled the inclusion criteria. RoB2 presented a final score with 62.5% of the studies presented "some concerns", and 37.5% (five and three articles, respectively) presenting "high risk" of bias. EE was effective for the managment of AT. The only variable for which a meta-analysis was possible was pain (five articles), analysed with the visual analogue scale/numerical visual scale. The mean difference (MD) in treatment effect using EE was - 1.21 (- 2.72 to - 0.30) with a 95% of confidence interval (CI), thus identifying a significant positive effect for the improvement of pain in patients with AT in whom EE was used. EE is effective in the management of AT. The meta-analysis shows the need for appropriately powered randomized controlled trials with better design, the use of standard outcome measures and well-planned protocols for conservative management of AT.Level of evidence: Level 1.Registration: CRD42018118016.

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Objetivos: Este artigo apresenta o relato da experiência do curso/workshop RENASCERES®: saúde e qualidade de vida dos universitários em tempos de pandemia", realizado em uma universidade federal no Estado de Minas Gerais (MG), que teve o objetivo de criar espaço de diálogo, acolhimento, escuta e de construção de alternativas mediante demandas discentes, decorrentes do período de pandemia de COVID-19. Objetivou também fomentar propostas para a ampliação das condições de saúde e da qualidade de vida dos universitários e de suas famílias. Métodos: O curso foi estruturado em cinco encontros virtuais, com formato de workshop, fundamentados na metodologia dialógica e no método de Círculo de Cultura, articulando o conteúdo teórico aliado às atividades práticas e ao cotidiano dos participantes. Resultados: Participaram do curso 77 pessoas, incluindo universitários de diferentes cursos de graduação e profissionais. As reflexões sobre saúde e qualidade de vida e o atual contexto de pandemia, bem como as atividades práticas, geraram espaço de acolhimento, escuta-ativa, cuidado, acesso e troca de informações/novos conhecimentos. Conclusões: O curso/workshop possibilitou o reconhecimento da necessidade de investimentos em Promoção de saúde e qualidade de vida pelos participantes. Constatou-se, nesta atividade, a essencialidade do Método RENASCERES® como alternativa para dar suporte aos participantes nos cuidados em saúde, mudanças em suas rotinas e pilar para que as pessoas possam alcançar estilos de vida saudáveis.Palavras-chave: Educação para a saúde; Promoção da saúde; Qualidade de vida; Covid-19; Saúde Coletiva; Comunicação em saúde.

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Objetivo: Conhecer o nível de literacia para a saúde dos profissionais para uso da internet na obtenção de informações apropriadas de saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal de abordagem metodológica quantitativa, realizado com trabalhadores dos setores de Pronto Socorro Adulto e Infantil de um hospital público de ensino. Os dados foram coletados entre outubro e dezembro de 2017, utilizando questionário European Health Literacy Scale sobre Literacia para a saúde traduzido e em validação para o contexto brasileiro. Resultados: Os participantes expressaram usar a internet para buscar informações para questões relacionadas à saúde, julgaram ser um meio útil para ajudá-los a tomar decisões sobre sua saúde, porém, ao acessarem tais fontes de informação se sentem inseguros com a credibilidade das mesmas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os participantes acessam e utilizam as informações de saúde para tomarem decisão nesta área. Os profissionais de saúde com maior grau de escolaridade possuem maior facilidade de acesso e utilização dos recursos da internet o que contribui para altos níveis de literacia para a saúde via internet. (AU)

Objective: Recognize the level of health literacy of professionals to use the internet to obtain appropriate health information. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a quantitative methodological approach, carried out with workers from the Adult and Child Care sectors of a public teaching hospital. Data were collected between October and December 2017, using the European Health Literacy Scale questionnaire on Health Literacy translated and validating for the Brazilian context. Results: The participants expressed using the internet to seek information for health-related issues, they thought it was a useful way to help them make decisions about their health, however, when accessing such sources of information they feel insecure with their credibility. Conclusion: It is concluded that the participants access and use health information to make decisions in this area. Health professionals with a higher level of education have easier access to and use of Internet resources, which contributes to high levels of health literacy via the Internet. (AU)

Objetivo: Conocer el nivel de alfabetización en salud de los profesionales para usar Internet para obtener información de salud adecuada. Métodos: Estudio transversal con un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo, realizado con trabajadores de los sectores de Cuidado de Adultos y Niños de un hospital público docente. Los datos se recopilaron entre octubre y diciembre de 2017, utilizando el cuestionario de la Escala Europea de Alfabetización en Salud sobre Alfabetización en Salud traducido y validado para el contexto brasileño. Resultados: Los participantes expresaron el uso de Internet para buscar información sobre temas relacionados con la salud, pensaron que era una forma útil de ayudarlos a tomar decisiones sobre su salud, sin embargo, al acceder a esas fuentes de información se sienten inseguros con su credibilidad. Conclusión: Se concluye que los participantes acceden y usan la información de salud para tomar decisiones en esta área. Los profesionales de la salud con un mayor nivel de educación tienen un acceso y un uso más fáciles de los recursos de Internet, lo que contribuye a altos niveles de alfabetización en salud a través de Internet. (AU)

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Health literacy (HL) assumes individuals' knowledge, motivation, and competencies to access, understand, evaluate, and apply health information to make judgments and decisions in daily life, related to healthcare, prevention of diseases, and health promotion to maintain or improve quality of life. The study aimed to measure the level of HL and associated factors: sex, age, schooling, income, skin color, self-rated health status, type of diabetes, and presence of comorbidities. The authors assessed 107 adults with diabetes followed at a public outpatient clinic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The sample did not include first-time patients, patients without a diagnosis of diabetes, or with visual or hearing impairment. HL was assessed with the Brazilian version of the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-BR). Simple and multiple ordinal logistic regression models were constructed, considering four levels of HL as the dependent variables. The associations were expressed as odds ratios (OR). Approximately 95% of the sample showed poor or limited HL (94.8%; 95%CI: 90.3-99.3). Female gender, older age, and lower schooling were associated with lower odds of excellent HL. In the adjusted model, only schooling remained statistically significant in its effect on HL (adjusted OR = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.17-0.98; p < 0.05). Schooling was the characteristic most strongly related to level of HL.

Literacia para a saúde (LS), ou literacia em saúde, pressupõe o conhecimento, a motivação e as competências dos indivíduos para acessarem, compreenderem, avaliarem e aplicarem as informações sobre saúde, a fim de fazer julgamentos e tomar decisões na vida diária, relacionadas aos cuidados de saúde, à prevenção de doenças e à promoção de saúde, para manter ou melhorar a sua qualidade de vida. O objetivo foi medir o nível de LS e seus fatores associados: sexo, idade, escolaridade, renda, cor da pele, autoavaliação do estado de saúde, tipo de diabetes e presença de comorbidades. Foram avaliados 107 adultos portadores de diabetes acompanhados em um ambulatório público, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Não foram incluídos pacientes de primeira vez, pacientes sem diagnóstico de diabetes ou com limitações de visão ou audição. A LS foi avaliada pela versão brasileira do questionário European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-BR). Modelos de regressão logística ordinal simples e múltiplos foram construídos, considerando-se, como variável dependente, os quatro níveis de LS. As associações foram expressas na forma de odds ratio (OR). Cerca de 95% da amostra apresentou nível de LS ruim ou limitado (94,8%; IC95%: 90,3-99,3). Sexo feminino, idades mais avançadas e menor escolaridade estiveram associados a uma menor chance de ter um nível de LS excelente. No modelo ajustado, apenas a variável escolaridade permaneceu estatisticamente significativa em relação ao seu efeito sobre a LS (OR ajustado = 0,41; IC95%: 0,17-0,98; p < 0,05). Escolaridade foi a característica que esteve mais fortemente relacionada ao nível de LS.

La alfabetización en salud (AS), o cultura en salud, presupone el conocimiento, la motivación y las competencias de los individuos para que accedan, comprendan, evalúen y apliquen información sobre salud, con el fin de realizar juicios y tomar decisiones en la vida diaria, relacionadas con los cuidados de salud, prevención de enfermedades, y con la promoción de salud, para mantener o mejorar su calidad de vida. El objetivo fue medir el nivel de AS y sus factores asociados: sexo, edad, escolaridad, renta, color de piel, autoevaluación del estado de salud, tipo de diabetes y presencia de comorbilidades. Se evaluaron a 107 adultos pacientes diabéticos, a quienes se les realizó un seguimiento en un ambulatorio público, en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. No se incluyeron pacientes que fueron la primera vez, pacientes sin diagnóstico de diabetes o con limitaciones visuales o auditivas. La AS se evaluó mediante la versión brasileña del cuestionario European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-BR). Se construyeron modelos de regresión logística ordinal simple y múltiple, considerándose como variable dependiente los cuatro niveles de AS. Las asociaciones se expresaron en forma de odds ratio (OR). Cerca de un 95% de la muestra presentó un nivel de AS malo o limitado (94,8%; IC95%: 90,3-99,3). Sexo femenino, edades más avanzadas, y menor escolaridad estuvieron asociados con una menor oportunidad de tener un nivel de AS excelente. En el modelo ajustado, solamente la variable escolaridad fue estadísticamente significativa, en relación con su efecto sobre la AS (OR ajustado = 0,41; IC95%: 0,17-0,98; p < 0,05). La escolaridad fue la característica que estuvo más fuertemente relacionada con el nivel de AS.

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A Mucosite peri-implantar é considerada a precursora da peri-implantite, ela é uma lesão inflamatória da mucosa peri-implantar na ausência de perda óssea marginal contínua. O objetivo desse relato de caso, foi descrever o tratamento da mucosite periimplantar através da cirurgia de enxerto gengival livre. Foi proposto, portanto, um tratamento reabilitador envolvendo uma abordagem multidisciplinar de forma a resgatar e restabelecer estética, função e bem-estar através do enxerto gengival livre para melhorar as características de mucosa e viabilizar uma previsibilidade de uma prótese definitiva implantosuportada em condições teciduais mais estáveis. O uso do EGL para aumento da gengiva queratinizada na cirurgia de implantes em paciente idosos é uma solução prática e segura para a manutenção da saúde periodontal ao redor do implante... (AU)

Peri-implant mucositis is considered the precursor of peri-implantitis, it is an inflammatory lesion of the peri-implant mucosa in the absence of continuous marginal bone loss. The purpose of this case report was to describe the treatment of peri-implant mucositis through free gingival graft surgery. Therefore, a rehabilitation treatment involving a multidisciplinary approach was proposed in order to rescue and reestablish aesthetics, function and well-being through the free gingival graft to improve the characteristics of the mucosa and enable a predictability of a permanent implant prosthesis under more stable tissue conditions. The use of EGL to increase keratinized gingiva in implant surgery in elderly patients is a practical and safe solution for maintaining periodontal health around the implant... (AU)

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Discovery of the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine has been considered one of the most important advances in major depressive disorder treatment. Several studies report a significant benefit to patients that lasts up to 19 days after treatment. However, concerns arise from the long-term use of ketamine, thus a safe and effective strategy for maintaining its antidepressant effect is still necessary. To this end, our work assessed the effects of imipramine and fluoxetine after repeated ketamine treatment in male mice. Ketamine (30 mg/kg/day for 14 days) induced an anti-immobility effect in the forced swimming (FS) paradigm, detected 1 and 3 days after treatment. Seven days after the last ketamine injection, mice received imipramine (20 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (30 mg/kg). Imipramine and fluoxetine did not change mice's immobility time, regardless of the pre-treatment (saline or ketamine). Since both drugs' anti-immobility effect was demonstrated in the classical FS test, we can assume that repeated exposure to intermittent stress inhibited the antidepressant drugs' anti-immobility effects. Moreover, pre-exposure to ketamine did not counteract stress-induced changes in mice response to antidepressants. Since exposure to forced swim and i.p. injections are stressful to rodents, each stressor's contribution to the blunted response to antidepressants was investigated. Our data demonstrated that both stressors (FS and i.p. injections) influenced the reported effect. In summary, our results showed that exposure to intermittent repeated stress inhibited the anti-immobility effect of imipramine and fluoxetine in mice and corroborated findings demonstrating that exposure to stress can blunt patients' response to antidepressants.

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Resumo: Literacia para a saúde (LS), ou literacia em saúde, pressupõe o conhecimento, a motivação e as competências dos indivíduos para acessarem, compreenderem, avaliarem e aplicarem as informações sobre saúde, a fim de fazer julgamentos e tomar decisões na vida diária, relacionadas aos cuidados de saúde, à prevenção de doenças e à promoção de saúde, para manter ou melhorar a sua qualidade de vida. O objetivo foi medir o nível de LS e seus fatores associados: sexo, idade, escolaridade, renda, cor da pele, autoavaliação do estado de saúde, tipo de diabetes e presença de comorbidades. Foram avaliados 107 adultos portadores de diabetes acompanhados em um ambulatório público, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Não foram incluídos pacientes de primeira vez, pacientes sem diagnóstico de diabetes ou com limitações de visão ou audição. A LS foi avaliada pela versão brasileira do questionário European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-BR). Modelos de regressão logística ordinal simples e múltiplos foram construídos, considerando-se, como variável dependente, os quatro níveis de LS. As associações foram expressas na forma de odds ratio (OR). Cerca de 95% da amostra apresentou nível de LS ruim ou limitado (94,8%; IC95%: 90,3-99,3). Sexo feminino, idades mais avançadas e menor escolaridade estiveram associados a uma menor chance de ter um nível de LS excelente. No modelo ajustado, apenas a variável escolaridade permaneceu estatisticamente significativa em relação ao seu efeito sobre a LS (OR ajustado = 0,41; IC95%: 0,17-0,98; p < 0,05). Escolaridade foi a característica que esteve mais fortemente relacionada ao nível de LS.

Abstract: Health literacy (HL) assumes individuals' knowledge, motivation, and competencies to access, understand, evaluate, and apply health information to make judgments and decisions in daily life, related to healthcare, prevention of diseases, and health promotion to maintain or improve quality of life. The study aimed to measure the level of HL and associated factors: sex, age, schooling, income, skin color, self-rated health status, type of diabetes, and presence of comorbidities. The authors assessed 107 adults with diabetes followed at a public outpatient clinic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The sample did not include first-time patients, patients without a diagnosis of diabetes, or with visual or hearing impairment. HL was assessed with the Brazilian version of the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-BR). Simple and multiple ordinal logistic regression models were constructed, considering four levels of HL as the dependent variables. The associations were expressed as odds ratios (OR). Approximately 95% of the sample showed poor or limited HL (94.8%; 95%CI: 90.3-99.3). Female gender, older age, and lower schooling were associated with lower odds of excellent HL. In the adjusted model, only schooling remained statistically significant in its effect on HL (adjusted OR = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.17-0.98; p < 0.05). Schooling was the characteristic most strongly related to level of HL.

Resumen: La alfabetización en salud (AS), o cultura en salud, presupone el conocimiento, la motivación y las competencias de los individuos para que accedan, comprendan, evalúen y apliquen información sobre salud, con el fin de realizar juicios y tomar decisiones en la vida diaria, relacionadas con los cuidados de salud, prevención de enfermedades, y con la promoción de salud, para mantener o mejorar su calidad de vida. El objetivo fue medir el nivel de AS y sus factores asociados: sexo, edad, escolaridad, renta, color de piel, autoevaluación del estado de salud, tipo de diabetes y presencia de comorbilidades. Se evaluaron a 107 adultos pacientes diabéticos, a quienes se les realizó un seguimiento en un ambulatorio público, en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. No se incluyeron pacientes que fueron la primera vez, pacientes sin diagnóstico de diabetes o con limitaciones visuales o auditivas. La AS se evaluó mediante la versión brasileña del cuestionario European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-BR). Se construyeron modelos de regresión logística ordinal simple y múltiple, considerándose como variable dependiente los cuatro niveles de AS. Las asociaciones se expresaron en forma de odds ratio (OR). Cerca de un 95% de la muestra presentó un nivel de AS malo o limitado (94,8%; IC95%: 90,3-99,3). Sexo femenino, edades más avanzadas, y menor escolaridad estuvieron asociados con una menor oportunidad de tener un nivel de AS excelente. En el modelo ajustado, solamente la variable escolaridad fue estadísticamente significativa, en relación con su efecto sobre la AS (OR ajustado = 0,41; IC95%: 0,17-0,98; p < 0,05). La escolaridad fue la característica que estuvo más fuertemente relacionada con el nivel de AS.

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A new species of Canthon is described, illustrated and the morphological similarities with related species are discussed. The species Canthon cleidecostae was named after Dr. Cleide Costa a great beetles specialist. The subgeneric category of species is considered incertae sedis until the taxonomic revision of the genus Canthon is fully addressed. Also, we provide a key for genera, subgenera and isolated species-groups that can be confused with the genus Canthon.(AU)

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A new species of Canthon is described, illustrated and the morphological similarities with related species are discussed. The species Canthon cleidecostae was named after Dr. Cleide Costa a great beetles specialist. The subgeneric category of species is considered incertae sedis until the taxonomic revision of the genus Canthon is fully addressed. Also, we provide a key for genera, subgenera and isolated species-groups that can be confused with the genus Canthon.

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This study assessed the effect of rinsing and boiling on total content of As (tAs) and of its inorganic and organic forms in different types of rice (polished and brown) from Spain and Ecuador. Rice was subjected to five different treatments. The results showed that the treatment consisting of three grain rinsing cycles followed by boiling in excess water showed a significant decrease in tAs content compared with raw rice. Regarding As species, it is worth noting that the different treatments significantly reduced the content of the most toxic forms of As. The estimated lifetime health risks indicate that pre-rinsing alone can reduce the risk by 50%, while combining it with discarding excess water can reduce the risk by 83%; therefore, the latter would be the preferable method.

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A epiglotite, conhecida recentemente como supraglotite, é uma infecção grave da epiglote e estruturas supraglóticas, com consequente obstrução da via aérea superior e risco iminente de morte. Trata-se de emergência médica, e a via aérea do paciente deve ser garantida o mais breve possível. Com o desenvolvimento e introdução da vacinação contra o Haemophilus influenzae tipo B (Hib), houve queda expressiva de sua incidência e mortalidade na faixa etária pediátrica, principalmente em crianças menores de cinco anos, porém, tal redução não foi tão significativa em adultos. A doença passou a ser mais comum em crianças acima de cinco anos e na faixa etária adulta, e agentes como Streptococcus e Staphylococcus tornaram-se os principais responsáveis. Embora rara, ela ainda não foi eliminada, fazendo-se necessário o seu rápido reconhecimento e tratamento, a fim de evitar mortalidade. (AU)

Epiglottitis, recently known as supraglottitis, is a severe infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures, leading to upper airway obstruction and imminent risk of death. It is considered a medical emergency and the patient's airway must be cleared as soon as possible. With the development and introduction of the vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), there has been a significant decline in its incidence and mortality in the pediatric age range, especially in children younger than five years old, yet not so much in adults. The disease has become more common in children older than five years old and in adults, with Streptococcus and Staphylococcus being the main responsible pathogens. Although it is a rare condition, it has not yet been eradicated, making its fast recognition and treatment necessary to decrease the chance of mortality. (AU)

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The objective of this study was to compare and explain the variations in the production and nutritive value of canarana erecta lisa grass (Echinocloa pyramidalis Lam.) at different harvest intervals. The treatments corresponded to the cut intervals of 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, 55, 62, and 69 days. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each experimental unit had 6m2 (3m ×2m). The variables studied included forage production, canopy height, and nutritive value o harvested forage. Forage production varied from 11517 to 12324 kg ha-1; Plant heights from 48.8 to 234 cm; Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from 68.8% to 71.13%; Acid detergent fiber (ADF) from 36.20% to 44.15%; Crude protein (CP) from 11.43% to 5.85% and in “in vitro” dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) from 63.30% to 47.42%. These values indicated that the nutritive value of canarana erecta lisa was reduced at longer harvest intervals. It is recommended to harvest the grass at 35 days of regrowth favoring productivity, nutritive value and forage digestibility.(AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar e explicar as variações na produção e valor nutritivo do capim canarana erecta lisa (Echinocloa pyramidalis Lam.) em diferentes intervalos de corte. Os tratamentos corresponderam aos intervalos de corte de 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, 55, 62 e 69 dias. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições, totalizando 24 unidades experimentais de 6m2 (3m x 2m) cada. Foi avaliado a produção de forragem, altura do dossel e valor nutritivo da forragem colhida. A produção de forragem variou de 11,517 a 12,324 kg MS ha-1 e a altura dossel de 48,8 a 234 cm com menores valores quando o capim foi cortado no menor intervalo de corte. Os teores de fibra detergente neutro (FDN) variaram de 68,80 a 71,13%, fibra detergente ácido (FDA) de 36,20 a 44,15%; proteína bruta (PB) de 11,43 a 5,85%; e digestibilidade “in vitro” da matéria seca (DIVMS) de 65,3 a 47,42%, ou seja, foram reduzidos quando os pastos foram cortados em intervalos de corte mais longos. Recomenda-se o corte do capim aos 35 dias de rebrotação favorendo a produção, valor nutritivo e a digestibilidade da forragem.(AU)

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The objective of this study was to compare and explain the variations in the production and nutritive value of canarana erecta lisa grass (Echinocloa pyramidalis Lam.) at different harvest intervals. The treatments corresponded to the cut intervals of 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, 55, 62, and 69 days. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each experimental unit had 6m2 (3m ×2m). The variables studied included forage production, canopy height, and nutritive value o harvested forage. Forage production varied from 11517 to 12324 kg ha-1; Plant heights from 48.8 to 234 cm; Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from 68.8% to 71.13%; Acid detergent fiber (ADF) from 36.20% to 44.15%; Crude protein (CP) from 11.43% to 5.85% and in “in vitro” dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) from 63.30% to 47.42%. These values indicated that the nutritive value of canarana erecta lisa was reduced at longer harvest intervals. It is recommended to harvest the grass at 35 days of regrowth favoring productivity, nutritive value and forage digestibility.

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar e explicar as variações na produção e valor nutritivo do capim canarana erecta lisa (Echinocloa pyramidalis Lam.) em diferentes intervalos de corte. Os tratamentos corresponderam aos intervalos de corte de 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, 55, 62 e 69 dias. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições, totalizando 24 unidades experimentais de 6m2 (3m x 2m) cada. Foi avaliado a produção de forragem, altura do dossel e valor nutritivo da forragem colhida. A produção de forragem variou de 11,517 a 12,324 kg MS ha-1 e a altura dossel de 48,8 a 234 cm com menores valores quando o capim foi cortado no menor intervalo de corte. Os teores de fibra detergente neutro (FDN) variaram de 68,80 a 71,13%, fibra detergente ácido (FDA) de 36,20 a 44,15%; proteína bruta (PB) de 11,43 a 5,85%; e digestibilidade “in vitro” da matéria seca (DIVMS) de 65,3 a 47,42%, ou seja, foram reduzidos quando os pastos foram cortados em intervalos de corte mais longos. Recomenda-se o corte do capim aos 35 dias de rebrotação favorendo a produção, valor nutritivo e a digestibilidade da forragem.

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RESUMO

We used 16S rRNA sequencing to assess the archaeal communities across a gradient of Cerrado. The archaeal communities differed across the gradient. Crenarcheota was the most abundant phyla, with Nitrosphaerales and NRPJ as the predominant classes. Euryachaeota was also found across the Cerrado gradient, including the classes Metanocellales and Methanomassiliicoccaceae.(AU)

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RESUMO

Microbial biomass is an important component in maintaining soil quality and plant productivity. The aim of this paper was to evaluate alterations in microbiological attributes and organic carbon in accordance with seasonal change in different monocultures in the Savanna region of Piauí state. Soil samples were collected in areas of soy, eucalyptus, pasture, and in an area of native savanna, at depths of 0-0.20 m, during the rainy and dry periods. Using these samples microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), microbial quotient (qMIC), and total organic carbon in the soil (TOC) were evaluated. MBC differed significantly between the systems evaluated, with higher values in the soil under native vegetation in the two sampling periods. TOC presented a significant difference between the systems, with higher values in the native savanna and soybean in the rainy period. For the qMIC, the soybean area presented lower values in the two periods compared with the other areas. Basal respiration as well as qCO2 values differed between the systems only in the dry period. The results reveal that the type of vegetation cover, management system, and seasonality influence the behavior of biological properties in the soil.

A biomassa microbiana é um componente importante para manter a qualidade do solo e a produtividade das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações nos atributos microbiológicas e carbono orgânico, em função da variação sazonal em diferentes monoculturas no Cerrado piauiense. Amostras de solo foram coletadas em áreas de soja, eucalipto, pastagem e em uma área de mata nativa de Cerrado na profundidade de 0-0,20 m, durante o período chuvoso e seco. A partir dessas amostras avaliaram-se o carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), respiração basal (RB), quociente metabólico (qCO2), quociente microbiano (qMIC) e o carbono orgânico total do solo (COT). O CBM diferiu significativamente entre os sistemas avaliados, com maiores valores no solo sob mata nativa nos dois períodos de amostragem. O COT apresentou diferença significativa entre os sistemas, com maiores valores na mata nativa e soja no período chuvoso. Para o qMIC, a área com soja apresentou menores valores nos dois períodos em comparação às demais áreas. A RB assim como valores de qCO2 diferiram entre os sistemas apenas no período seco. Os resultados demonstram que o tipo de cobertura vegetal, o sistema de manejo e a sazonalidade influenciam o comportamento das propriedades biológicas do solo.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract We used 16S rRNA sequencing to assess the archaeal communities across a gradient of Cerrado. The archaeal communities differed across the gradient. Crenarcheota was the most abundant phyla, with Nitrosphaerales and NRPJ as the predominant classes. Euryachaeota was also found across the Cerrado gradient, including the classes Metanocellales and Methanomassiliicoccaceae.

Assuntos

RESUMO

We used 16S rRNA sequencing to assess the archaeal communities across a gradient of Cerrado. The archaeal communities differed across the gradient. Crenarcheota was the most abundant phyla, with Nitrosphaerales and NRPJ as the predominant classes. Euryachaeota was also found across the Cerrado gradient, including the classes Metanocellales and Methanomassiliicoccaceae.

Assuntos