RESUMO
Effectively implementing landscape-scale forest restoration on the ground is particularly challenging. Available decision-support tools particularly lack the ability to comprehensively incorporate biophysical, social and institutional dimensions in a spatially explicit manner from the pixel to the whole landscape. In order to contribute to fulfilling this gap, this paper has two major objectives. The first is to present a spatially explicit decision-support tool for mapping Forest Restoration Vocation (FRV) that includes socio-economic and institutional aspects in forest landscape restoration. The second is to discuss the ways in which the FRV has been applied in the Brazilian decision-making context. The FRV was used to prioritize areas for three different restoration modalities: assisted natural regeneration (passive restoration), forest plantation with native trees to conserve biodiversity and forest plantation for agroforestry systems (active restoration). The FRV is already being adopted as a planning tool to invest R$ 1.2 billion (approx. US$ 300 million) to restore 40,000 ha in the Rio Doce, Brazil-an area corresponding to 0.05% of the area of watershed. Due to the high level of degradation of the basin, there is a need to restore 1.6 Mha via forest plantations in riparian Areas of Permanent Preservation (APPs) while 30% of APPs can be effectively restored using natural regeneration. The FRV can be effective for gauging progress and monitoring forest restoration implementation metrics across the landscape and through time. There are however still problems in effectively assessing if the investment in forest restoration will generate impact in the long term and deliver the ecosystem services society depends on.
RESUMO
Pasture implantation fragments and reduces the Amazonian forest area. The objective was to quantify landscape changes in 1985, 2000 and 2015 in northern Mato Grosso, Brazil. The study was carried out in three scenes obtained by the LANDSAT satellite of a microbasin (2742.33 ha) in the municipality of Alta Floresta. Forest, water bodies, pasture and exposed soil were the thematic classes determined to e mapping the land use evolution. The edge, density and shape indexes of the fragments were measured. Normalized vegetation difference (NDVI) values were high in 1985. Land use and occupation over 15 years (1985-2000) reduced forest cover by 69.8%, but it increased by 1.7% over the next 15 years (2000-2015). The number of exposed soil patches increased between the periods, but the total area and number of the patches of the forest fragments decreased. The high values of NDVI in 1985 showed vegetated areas with high density. Reducing forest cover decreases the size of the fragments, increases the isolation and the number of soil patches exposed. The mapping of land use showed a reduction of the Amazon forest in the microbasin in the north of Mato Grosso, in the years 2000 and 2015 compared to 1985.
Assuntos
Florestas , Geografia , Brasil , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Imagens de Satélites , ÁrvoresRESUMO
Este artigo analisa o documentário Jewel Of Amazon, produzido por jornalistas norte-americanos, sobre a realidade do Grupo Indígena Cinta Larga, especificamente os conflitos que envolvem esse grupo em torno da exploração dos diamantes presentes em suas terras no município de Espigão D'Oeste, em Rondônia. Busca-se sobretudo analisar o estigma atribuído às sociedades indígenas pela população local em virtude da exploração indiscriminada de recursos naturais que vinham ocorrendo na reserva.
This article aims to analyze the documentary Jewel Of Amazon, produced by American journalists about the reality of indigenous group Cinta Larga, specifically the conflicts involving this group around the exploration of diamonds present in their lands of which location is in the city Espigão D'Oeste", in Rondonia's state. The documentary content points to issues that involve both the entry of non-Indians in the lands mentioned beforeand the stigma attached to indigenous societies by the local population due to the indiscriminate exploration of natural resources that occurred in the reserve.
RESUMO
Este artigo foi desenvolvido com base nos resultados da aplicação dos pressupostos teóricos da pesquisa de avaliação, no processo de implementação de uma política na saúde no município de Ponte Nova, Minas Gerais. Para isso, contextualizaram-se as políticas aplicadas ao campo da saúde pública a partir da década de 1970, por meio de dois eixos complementares: a Constituição Federal de 1988 e as Leis Orgânicas da Saúde 8.080 e 8.142 de 1990, que criaram e regulamentaram o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Para obter as informações necessárias à análise, tornou-se importante a identificação de indicadores que explicitassem as várias formas de participação dos membros de todas as categorias no Conselho, sendo essas categorias governo, trabalhadores da saúde, prestadores de serviços e usuários. Com esse objetivo, foram analisadas as atas das reuniões do Conselho, de julho de 2003 a junho de 2005. Dentre os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa, destacam-se as formas de participação dos membros do Conselho, identificadas a partir de indicadores como: esclarecimentos, propostas, sugestões, medidas, indagações, apresentação de resultados, avisos, reclamações, deliberações, denúncias e comentários. Cada um desses indicadores foi analisado com relação às categorias representadas no Conselho: governo, trabalhadores na saúde, prestadores de serviços e usuários. Essa análise revelou as formas de participação dos conselheiros nas reuniões, ou seja, a maneira como cada categoria atua nesse espaço democrático.
This article was written based on the results of the application of the evaluation research in the process of implementation of a health policy in a town in the State of Minas Gerais, Ponte Nova. For this purpose, we used the theoretical presuppositions of the process evaluation research. It was contextualized the policies applied to the public health field from the 1970s through two complementary axes: the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the Health Organic Laws, 8.080 and 8.142 from 1990, which create and regulate the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). In order to obtain the necessary information to the analysis, it is important to identify the indicators, which explain the several forms of participation of the members of all categories in the Council:/ government, health workers, professionals and users./ For/ this proposal, the minutes of the meetings of the Council were analysed from July 2003 to June 2005. Among the results obtained in the research, we can point out the forms of participation of the members of the Council, identified through indicators like clearances, proposals, suggestions, measures, questions, presentation of results, notices, complaints, deliberations, indictments and comments. Each of these indicators were analysed in relation to the categories represented in the Council: government, health workers, professionals and users. This analysis revealed the forms of participation of the counsillor in the meeetings, that is, the way each category acts in this democratic institution.
Assuntos
Conselhos de Saúde , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Política de SaúdeRESUMO
Foi feito este trabalho com o propósito de melhor conhecer a superfície do esmalte após o condicionamento com ácido fosfórico e poliacrílico, bem como as diferentes opiniöes sobre a permanência de resina após a retirada dos brackets, tipo de bracket, e a diminuiçäo da resistência da colagem quando säo aplicados fluoretos tópicos após o ataque ácido