RESUMO
Proteus mirabilis, a microorganism distributed in soil, water, and animals, is clinically known for causing urinary tract infections in humans. However, recent studies have linked it to skin infections in broiler chickens, termed avian cellulitis, which poses a threat to animal welfare. While Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the primary cause of avian cellulitis, few cases of P. mirabilis involvement are reported, raising questions about the factors facilitating such occurrences. This study employed a pan-genomic approach to investigate whether unique genes exist in P. mirabilis strains causing avian cellulitis. The genome of LBUEL-A33, a P. mirabilis strain known to cause this infection, was assembled, and compared with other P. mirabilis strains isolated from poultry and other sources. Additionally, in silico serogroup analysis was conducted. Results revealed numerous genes unique to the LBUEL-A33 strain. No function in cellulitis was identified for these genes, and in silico investigation of the virulence potential of LBUEL-A33's exclusive proteins proved inconclusive. These findings support that multiple factors are necessary for P. mirabilis to cause avian cellulitis. Furthermore, this species likely employs its own unique arsenal of virulence factors, as many identified mechanisms are analogous to those of E. coli. While antigenic gene clusters responsible for serogroups were identified, no clear trend was observed, and the gene cluster of LBUEL-A33 did not show homology with any sequenced Proteus serogroups. These results reinforce the understanding that this disease is multifactorial, necessitating further research to unravel the mechanisms and underpin the development of control and prevention strategies.
RESUMO
Morganella morganii is a bacterium belonging to the normal intestinal microbiota and the environment; however, in immunocompromised individuals, this bacterium can become an opportunistic pathogen, causing a series of diseases, both in hospitals and in the community, being urinary tract infections more prevalent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, virulence profile, and resistance to antimicrobials and the clonal relationship of isolates of urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by M. morganii, both in the hospital environment and in the community of the municipality of Londrina-PR, in southern Brazil, in order to better understand the mechanisms for the establishment of the disease caused by this bacterium. Our study showed that M. morganii presents a variety of virulence factors in the studied isolates. Hospital strains showed a higher prevalence for the virulence genes zapA, iutA, and fimH, while community strains showed a higher prevalence for the ireA and iutA genes. Hospital isolates showed greater resistance compared to community isolates, as well as a higher prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates. Several M. morganii isolates from both sources showed high genetic similarity. The most prevalent plasmid incompatibility groups detected were FIB and I1, regardless of the isolation source. Thus, M. morganii isolates can accumulate virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance, making them a neglected opportunistic pathogen.
Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Morganella morganii , Infecções Urinárias , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Morganella morganii/genética , Virulência/genética , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/tratamento farmacológico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia , Fatores de Virulência/genética , beta-Lactamases/genética , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
The potability of water, including underground sources, is constantly affected by human activities. To assess water quality and water security in rural and urban areas of southern Brazil, a quantitative, retrospective analysis of water samples collected monthly by the Brazilian health authorities (19,687 samples from 2013 to 2021) was performed. In rural areas, 5,979 water samples (77.54%) were found to be contaminated by coliform bacteria and 3,431 (44.50%) by Escherichia coli. In addition, 1,616 (20.95%) of the contaminated samples were significantly correlated with rainfall amount. In urban areas, 1,268 (10.95%) of the samples contained coliform bacteria and 293 (2.53%) of these samples contained E. coli, with the factor of rainfall associated with 1,081 samples (9.33%) with bacterial contamination. In terms of physicochemical parameters, turbidity exceeded the national standard (5 uT) in 448 (2.32%) samples and fluoride fell below the required level (0.8 mg/L) in 106 samples (0.54%). The presence of free residual chlorine (0.2-2.0 mg/L) was verified in 846 samples (14.38%) in rural areas and in 10,825 samples (56.13%) in urban areas. These results suggest a strong association between rainfall factors and physicochemical alterations, as well as the risk of greater microbial contamination of water for human consumption.