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SUMMARY: Currently, training in the field of anatomy requires the implementation of learning and knowledge technologies (TAC). Therefore, the objective of this work was to use digital images taken of plastinated canine brains, hearts, and kidneys to create an interactive atlas that facilitates the teaching-learning of the anatomy of these organs. The research was carried out in 3 phases. In the first, canine brains, hearts and kidneys were obtained using the cold-temperature silicone plastination. In the second stage, photographs were taken, the images were edited with Adobe Photoshop and converted to SVG format using Adobe Illustrator. During the last phase, the 2D atlas was created using MongoDB and Node.js for the backend and Vue.js as the framework for the frontend. In addition, it was used three.js to render the 3D models. As a result, the 'Interactive Canine Atlas', ATINCA, was created. The atlas comprises 27 interactive images and 27 in atlas mode view (28 of the brain, 20 of the heart, and 6 of the kidney). Furthermore, the atlas features 3D models of the three organs. The developed atlas constitutes the first digital tool created in Ecuador based on local institutional needs, including a 3D format. Consequently, ATINCA will be integrated into the curricula as a digital material that will facilitate significant autonomous and collaborative learning of canine anatomical knowledge.
Actualmente, la formación en el campo de la anatomía requiere la implementación de tecnologías del aprendizaje y el conocimiento (TAC). Por ello, el objetivo del trabajo fue utilizar imágenes digitales tomadas de cerebros, corazones y riñones caninos plastinados para crear un atlas interactivo que facilite la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la anatomía de estos órganos. La investigación se llevó a cabo en tres fases. En la primera se obtuvieron cerebros, corazones y riñones caninos mediante la técnica de plastinación con silicona al frío. En la segunda etapa se tomaron fotografías, las imágenes se editaron con Adobe Photoshop y se convirtieron a formato SVG con Adobe Illustrator. Durante la última fase, se creó el atlas 2D usando MongoDB y Node.js para el backend y Vue.js como framework para el frontend. Además, se utilizó three.js para renderizar los modelos 3D. Como resultado se creó el Atlas Interactivo del Canino, ATINCA. El atlas cuenta con 27 imágenes interactivas y 27 en vista modo atlas (28 del cerebro, 20 del corazón y 6 del riñón). Además, el atlas presenta modelos 3D de los tres órganos. El atlas desarrollado constituye la primera herramienta digital creada en el Ecuador con base en necesidades institucionales locales y donde se incluye el formato 3D. Con lo cual, ATINCA podrá incorporarse en las mallas curriculares como material digital que facilitará el aprendizaje autónomo y colaborativo significativo de conocimientos anatómicos de los órganos caninos.
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Animais , Cães , Imageamento Tridimensional , Anatomia/educação , Modelos Anatômicos , Silicones , Ensino , Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Atlas , Educação Médica/métodos , Plastinação , Coração/anatomia & histologia , Rim/anatomia & histologia , AprendizagemRESUMO
A non-structural SARS-CoV-2 protein, PLpro, is involved in post-translational modifications in cells, allowing the evasion of antiviral immune response mechanisms. In this study, potential PLpro inhibitory drugs were designed using QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics. A combined QSAR equation with physicochemical and Free-Wilson descriptors was formulated. The r2, q2, and r2test values were 0.833, 0.770, and 0.721, respectively. From the equation, it was found that the presence of an aromatic ring and a basic nitrogen atom is crucial for obtaining good antiviral activity. Then, a series of structures for the binding sites of C111, Y268, and H73 of PLpro were created. The best compounds were found to exhibit pIC50 values of 9.124 and docking scoring values of -14 kcal/mol. The stability of the compounds in the cavities was confirmed by molecular dynamics studies. A high number of stable contacts and good interactions over time were exhibited by the aryl-thiophenes Pred14 and Pred15, making them potential antiviral candidates.
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This research focuses on the analysis of vibration of a compression ignition engine (CIE), specifically examining potential failures in the Fuel Rail Pressure (FRP) and Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensors, which are critical to combustion control. In line with current trends in mechanical system condition monitoring, we are incorporating information from these sensors to monitor engine health. This research proposes a method to validate the correct functioning of these sensors by analysing vibration signals from the engine. The effectiveness of the proposal is confirmed using real data from a Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) engine. Simulations using a GT 508 pressure simulator mimic FRP sensor failures and an adjustable potentiometer manipulates the MAF sensor signal. Vibration data from the engine are processed in MATLAB using frequency domain techniques to investigate the vibration response. The results show that the proposal provides a basis for an efficient predictive maintenance strategy for the MEC engine. The early detection of FRP and MAF sensor problems through a vibration analysis improves engine performance and reliability, minimizing downtime and repair costs. This research contributes to the advancement of monitoring and diagnostic techniques in mechanical engines, thereby improving their efficiency and durability.
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All experiences preserved within episodic memory contain information on the space and time of events. The hippocampus is the main brain region involved in processing spatial and temporal information for incorporation within episodic memory representations. However, the other brain regions involved in the encoding and retrieval of spatial and temporal information within episodic memory are unclear, because a systematic review of related studies is lacking and the findings are scattered. The present study was designed to integrate the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography studies by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide converging evidence. In particular, we focused on identifying the brain regions involved in the retrieval of spatial and temporal information. We identified a spatial retrieval network consisting of the inferior temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, angular gyrus, and precuneus. Temporal context retrieval was supported by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Thus, the retrieval of spatial and temporal information is supported by different brain regions, highlighting their different natures within episodic memory.
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Memória Episódica , Humanos , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Temporal , Lobo Parietal , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Rememoração MentalRESUMO
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is involved in different diseases, such as manic-depressive illness, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Studies have shown that insulin inhibits GSK-3 to keep glycogen synthase active. Inhibiting GSK-3 may have an indirect pro-insulin effect by favouring glycogen synthesis. Therefore, the development of GSK-3 inhibitors can be a useful alternative for the treatment of type II diabetes. Aminopyrimidine derivatives already proved to be interesting GSK-3 inhibitors. In the current study, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) have been performed on a series of 122 aminopyrimidine derivatives in order to generate a robust model for the rational design of new compounds with promising antidiabetic activity. The q2 values obtained for the best CoMFA and CoMSIA models have been 0.563 and 0.598, respectively. In addition, the r2 values have been 0.823 and 0.925 for CoMFA and CoMSIA, respectively. The models were statistically validated, and from the contour maps analysis, a proposal of 10 new compounds has been generated, with predicted pIC50 higher than 9. The final contribution of our work is that: (a) we provide an extensive structure-activity relationship for GSK-3 inhibitory pyrimidines; and (b) these models may speed up the discovery of GSK-3 inhibitors based on the aminopyrimidine scaffold. Finally, we carried out docking and molecular dynamics studies of the two best candidates, which were shown to establish halogen-bond interactions with the enzyme.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Insulinas , Humanos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Relação Quantitativa Estrutura-Atividade , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase , Ligação Proteica , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/químicaRESUMO
Abstract: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of digital radiography (DR) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the detection of peri-implant bone defects. Materials and methods: Implants were placed in 5 fresh bovine ribs (3 without peri-implant bone defects, 12 with 1.4mm peri-implant bone defects) and images were taken using (i) portable x-ray system (DEXCOWIN 3000), (ii) intraoral x-ray sensor (SENSOR H1/SENSOR H2), (iii) volume-limited HSCT with 3D Accuitomo 80 (CASTELLINI). Images of each were randomly presented to 10 examiners. Confidence in the diagnosis of the presence or absence of a peri-implant radiolucency was recorded on a scale of bone defect definitely absent, doubts about the defect if absent or present, defect definitely present. Analyzes was performed using a kappa test. Results: There has been a coincidence between the direct digital radiography and the cone beam computed tomography in piece A of 83.3%, in piece B of 100% and in piece C of 88%, giving an average total coincidence 90.43%.Conclusion: Direct digital radiography provided the same results as cone beam computed tomography in the detection of peri-implant bone defects at an early stage. Digital radiographs are a reliable and valid method and perform significantly better than cone beam computed tomography for detecting peri-implant bone defects at an early stage.
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Aclodes paz n. sp. a new troglophilous species from the caves of the municipalities of La Paz and San Vicente del Chucur, Santander, is described. An overview of the taxonomic history of the tribe Aclodini and the genus Aclodes is provided, to understand the recent taxonomic changes in the group. The species is named in honor of La Pazs municipality and the desire of Colombians and other inhabitants of the world who have conflicts in their territories (the cricket of peace). Finally, the habitat and taxonomy of the genus are discussed.
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Gryllidae , Animais , Cavernas , Colômbia , Ecossistema , Humanos , Status SocialRESUMO
Objetivo: Este artículo de investigación busca conocer la influencia de la propagación del virus COVID-19 a través de la temperatura y de la humedad en España y Brasil. Métodos: Para el cálculo de la variación mensual del índice de propagación del virus COVID-19 por provincias en España se han utilizado, en primer lugar, las series climáticas de la AEMET de España e INMETRO de Brasil. Se han extraído las medias correspondientes y después se han sometido los datos a un proceso de homogenización, para posteriormente poder calcular el incremento mensual de temperatura y de humedad por provincias y estados. Este proceso metodológico establece una relación directamente proporcional entre el aumento de la temperatura y de la humedad con el índice de propagación del virus COVID-19. Resultados: En España, las condiciones climáticas favorecerán la disminución o aumento del índice reproductivo del virus. En Brasil las condiciones climáticas no favorecerán la disminución del índice reproductivo del virus y, climatológicamente, no existe un periodo óptimo para una desescalada y vuelta a la normalidad. Las variaciones de las condiciones climáticas en Brasil no son significativas, por lo que el clima de Brasil no influye en la disminución de propagación del virus. Conclusión: El clima influye en la propagación del virus. Descriptores: COVID-19; Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa; Clima; Temperatura; Humedad.
Objetivo: Este artigo de pesquisa busca conhecer a influência da propagação do vírus COVID-19 através da temperatura e umidade na Espanha e no Brasil. Métodos: Para calcular a variação mensal do índice de propagação do vírus COVID-19 por províncias da Espanha, primeiramente, utilzaram-se as séries climáticas da AEMET da Espanha e do INMETRO do Brasil. Extraíram-se as médias correspondentes, para posterior submissão dos dados a um processo de homogeneização, com o intuito de calcular o aumento mensal de temperatura e umidade por províncias e estados. Esse processo metodológico estabeleceu uma relação diretamente proporcional entre o aumento da temperatura e da umidade com a taxa de disseminação do vírus COVID-19. Resultados: Na Espanha, as condições climáticas favoreceram a diminuição ou aumento do índice reprodutivo do vírus. No Brasil, entretanto, as condições climáticas não favorecem a diminuição do índice reprodutivo do virus, comprovando que climatologicamente não existe um período ideal para uma desaceleração e retorno à normalidade. As variações nas condições climáticas no Brasil não são significativas, portanto o clima não influencia na diminuição da propagação do vírus neste país. Conclusão: O clima influencia a disseminação do vírus. Descritores: COVID-19; Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa; Clima; Temperatura; Umidade.
Objective: This research article seeks to know the influence of the spread of the COVID-19 virus through temperature and humidity in Spain and Brazil. Methods: In order to calculate the monthly variation in the COVID-19 virus spread index by provinces in Spain, at first, the climatic series of the AEMET of Spain and INMETRO of Brazil were used. The corresponding means have been extracted and then the data have been subjected to a homogenization process, to later be able to calculate the monthly increase in temperature and humidity by provinces and states. This methodological process establishes a directly proportional the climatic conditions favored the decrease or increase of the reproductive index of the virus. In Brazil, however, the climatic conditions do not favor the decrease in the reproductive index of the virus, proving that climatologically there is no optimal period for de-escalation and return to normality. The variations in climatic conditions in Brazil are not significant, so the climate does not influence the decrease in the spread of the virus. Conclusion: Climate influences the spread of the virus. Descriptors: COVID-19; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Climate; Temperature; Humidity. relationship between the increase in temperature and humidity with the spread rate of the COVID-19 virus. Results: In Spain the climatic conditions favored the decrease or increase of the reproductive index of the virus. In Brazil, however, the climatic conditions do not favor the decrease in the reproductive index of the virus, proving that climatologically there is no optimal period for de-escalation and return to normality. The variations in climatic conditions in Brazil are not significant, so the climate does not influence the decrease in the spread of the virus. Conclusion: Climate influences the spread of the virus.
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Temperatura , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa , Número Básico de Reprodução , COVID-19 , UmidadeRESUMO
Resumen Justificación y objetivo: Las infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria elevan los costos, prolongan la estadía hospitalaria e incrementan la mortalidad, por lo que se hace necesaria la desinfección ambiental como método de disminuir este problema. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el impacto del uso del ozono para la desinfección ambiental, en áreas de alto riesgo hospitalario. Métodos: Se realizó una intervención para la desinfección de ambiente con el empleo de equipos de ozono en áreas de alto riesgo del Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de Cuba, y se evaluó el resultado mediante las siguientes variables: estado microbiológico ambiental, número de fallecidos en general, por sepsis, y consumo de antibióticos durante enero - junio de 2019. Resultados: De las 12 áreas evaluadas, previo a la aplicación de ozono ambiente, teniendo en cuenta la cantidad de unidades formadoras de colonias por m3, 2 se clasificaron como ambiente no aceptable, 3 como ambiente aceptable, 7 como ambiente limpio. Posterior a la aplicación de ozono, se obtuvo en las 12, resultados correspondientes a ambiente muy limpio. El consumo de antibióticos disminuyó a un tercio en las áreas expuestas evaluadas y se elevó en las no expuestas. Hubo menor número de fallecidos que en similar periodo del año anterior a la intervención. Conclusiones: La desinfección ambiental con ozono en áreas hospitalarias de alto riesgo fue útil para generar ambientes limpios, y favorecer la disminución del consumo de antibióticos, la estadía hospitalaria y la mortalidad por infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria.
Summary Background and aim: Health care-associated infections raise costs, prolong hospital stays and increase mortality, making environmental disinfection necessary as a method of reducing this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the use of ozone for environmental disinfection in areas of high hospital risk. Methods: An intervention was carried out to disinfect the environment with the use of ozone equipment in high-risk areas of the Cuban Institute of Neurology an Neurosurgery and the result was evaluated using the following variables: environmental microbiological status, number of deaths in general and for sepsis, and consumption of antibiotics from January to June 2019. Results: Of the 12 areas evaluated, prior to the application of ozone, taking into account the number of colony forming units per m3, 2 were classified as unacceptable, 3 as an acceptable environment and 7 as a clean environment . After the ozone application, the results of the 12 areas showed a very clean environment. Antibiotic use decreased to a third in the exposed areas evaluated and rose in the unexposed areas. There were fewer deaths than in a similar period of the year prior to the intervention. Conclusions: Environmental disinfection with ozone in high-risk hospital areas is useful to generate clean environments, and favor the decrease in antibiotic consumption and mortality due to infections associated with healthcare.
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Ozônio/análise , Desinfecção , Infecção Hospitalar , Cuba , MicrobiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder that causes accumulation of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and premature cardiovascular disease. It is mainly related to mutations in the LDLR gene. Homozygous FH (HoFH) patients have the most severe form of the disease accounting for a worldwide prevalence of 1:1,000,000. In Mexico, at least 5 cases of HoFH have been reported. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, biochemical, and molecular data observed in patients with HoFH phenotype. METHODS: We included 13 patients, belonging to 11 families, with clinical and biochemical diagnoses suggestive of HoFH. Molecular analyses of the LDLR and APOB genes were performed by means of polymerase chain reaction followed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: The causal mutation of HoFH was found in 8 of 11 unrelated patients. Excepting 1, all were true homozygotes. Six different variants in LDLR were identified: c.-139delCTCCCCCTGC, p.Glu140Lys, p.Asp360His, p.Asn405Lys, p.Ala755Glyfs*7, and p.Leu759Serfs*6. Of these, p.Asp360His and p.Asn405Lys were detected for the first time in Mexico; p.Leu759Serfs*6 showed to be the most frequent (43.7% of the alleles 7/16), and c.-139delCTCCCCCTGC is a new variant located in the promoter region. CONCLUSIONS: This work increases knowledge of biochemical and genetic features in Mexican patients with HoFH. A novel mutation in the LDLR gene promoter was detected: c.-139delCTCCCCCTGC, which possibly inhibits its expression.
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Apolipoproteínas B/genética , Homozigoto , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/genética , Mutação , Receptores de LDL/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Simulação por Computador , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/metabolismo , Masculino , México , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Four low molecular weight compounds-three of them new, two of them with carbazole (Cz) as functional group and the other two with thienopyrroledione (TPD) group-were used as emitting materials in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Devices were fabricated with the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/emitting material/LiF/Al. The hole injector layer (HIL) and the emitting sheet were deposited by spin coating; LiF and Al were thermally evaporated. OLEDs based on carbazole derivatives show luminances up to 4130 cd/m², large current efficiencies about 20 cd/A and, cautiously, a very impressive External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) up to 9.5%, with electroluminescence peaks located around 490 nm (greenish blue region). Whereas, devices manufactured with TPD derivatives, present luminance up to 1729 cd/m², current efficiencies about 4.5 cd/A and EQE of 1.5%. These results are very competitive regarding previous reported materials/devices.
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Carbazóis/química , Semicondutores , Tienopiridinas/químicaRESUMO
In this work, microwave synthesis, chemical, optical and electrochemical characterization of three small organic molecules, TPA-TPD, TPA-PT-TPD and TPA-TT-TPD with donor-acceptor structure and their use in organic photovoltaic cells are reported. For the synthesis, 5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione was used as electron withdrawing fragment while the triphenylamine was used as electron donating fragment. Molecular electronic geometry and electronic distribution density were established by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and confirmed by optical and chemical characterization. These molecules were employed as electron-donors in the active layer for manufacturing bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, where [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) was used as electron-acceptor. As cathode, Field's metal (FM), an eutectic alloy (Bi/In/Sn: 32.5%, 51%, and 16.5%, respectively) with a melting point above 62 °C, was easily deposited by drop casting under vacuum-free process and at air atmosphere. Prepared devices based on TPA-TPD:PC71BM (1:4 w/w ratio) presented a large VOC = 0.97 V, with JSC = 7.9 mA/cm², a FF = 0.34, then, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.6%.
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Ligas/química , Fontes de Energia Elétrica , Pirróis/química , Energia Solar , Eletricidade , Transporte de Elétrons , Micro-Ondas , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Luz SolarRESUMO
Background: Prostatic adenocarcinoma by Prosate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer and the second cause of cancer-related death among men in the Western world. Human papilloma virus (HPV) may be considered as a preventable risk factor. In this study, we assessed the frequencies of HPV infection in prostatic adenocarcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cases in Northeast Mexico. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 paraffin-embedded blocks (from 25 and 62 patients with definite diagnoses of BPH and adenocarcinoma, respectively) were selected and subjected to INNOLiPA HPV Genotyping to detect 28 high- and low-risk HPV types. The rates of infection were compared in the two studied groups. Results: INNOLiPA HPV demonstrated great sensitivity for HPV detection on paraffin-embedded tissue. Global prevalence was 14.9% (13/87). HPV infection was positive in 19.4% (12/62) of patients with adenocarcinoma and 4.0% (1/25) of patients with BPH. HPV-11, which is considered to be low risk, was more prevalent. Interestingly, one patient with BPH and six with prostate cancer showed examples considered to be high risk (HPV-18, -51, -52, and -66). Conclusion: A higher rate of HPV infection among Mexican patients with prostatic carcinoma than among those with BPH was observed. HPV infections may thus contribute to the risk of prostate cancer. Further studies are required to elucidate any roles of HPV infection in prostate disease in Mexico and the effect of prevention and treatment of HPV infection on prostatic adenocarcinoma.
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A novel penalty area (PA) for football (soccer) is proposed; it is based on considering mathematically the actual scoring possibility on the 2 dimensions near the goal. It is shown that the 150-year-old rectangular area is mathematically disproportionate; this can be causing too much diving or simulation by players around the goal and also too many matches that are decided unfairly. The goal or objective is to reduce these problems - and others - with a new PA based on the proposed scoring potential measure which is in turn based on the angle towards the goal line (between posts) and the distance to the centre of this line.
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Desempenho Atlético , Comportamento Competitivo , Matemática , Movimento , Futebol/legislação & jurisprudência , Futebol Americano , HumanosRESUMO
This paper reports the synthesis of a series of piperidones 1-8 by the Mannich reaction and analysis of their structures and conformations in solution by NMR and mass spectrometry. The six-membered rings in 2,4,6,8-tetraphenyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ones, compounds 1 and 2, adopt a chair-boat conformation, while those in 2,4-diphenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ones, compounds 3-8, adopt a chair-chair conformation because of stereoelectronic effects. These stereoelectronic effects were analyzed by the (1) J C-H coupling constants, which were measured in the (13)C satellites of the (1)H NMR spectra obtained with the hetero-dqf pulse sequence. In the solid state, these stereoelectronic effects were investigated by measurement of X-ray diffraction data, the molecular geometry (torsional bond angles and bond distances), and inter- and intramolecular interactions, and by natural bond orbital analysis, which was performed using density functional theory at the ωB97XD/6311++G(d,p) level. We found that one of the main factors influencing the conformational stability of 3-8 is the interaction between the lone-pair electrons of nitrogen and the antibonding sigma orbital of C(7)-Heq (nNâσ*C-H(7)eq), a type of hyperconjugative interaction.
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Objetivo: comparar no plano sagital os efeitos esqueléticos e dentoalveolares para a maxila e mandíbula, como consequência do uso dos aparelhos Bionator, Klammt e SN1 no tratamento de más-oclusões esqueléticas Classe II. Material e métodos: foi realizado um estudo prospectivo de 21 crianças com má-oclusão esquelética de Classe II, tratadas com Bionator, Klammt ou SN1. Compararam-se mudanças no componente maxilar, mandibular e dentoalveolar através de medições e ângulos cefalométricos no plano sagital. Contrastaram-se as médias de longitudes e ângulos entre T1 e T2 pelas análises t student e wilcononox. Mediante Anova, foi contrastada a porcentagem da mudança nas medidas de interesse para os três grupos. Resultados: foram avaliadas 42 radiografias cefalométricas laterais (21 iniciais T1, 21 finais T2). Entre os participantes, 62% eram meninos e 38% eram meninas. A média das idades para início do tratamento foi 9,5 ± 1,2 anos. O SN1 apresentou a maior média de mudança na longitude mandibular Co-Pg (6,69 ± 3,3) e Co-B (6,59 ± 1,42). Encontrou-se a maior média de mudança relativa na altura do ramo mandibular no Bionator (9,52 ± 7,21). As mudanças dentoalveolares foram clinicamente relevantes para os três aparelhos. Conclusão: os aparelhos ortopédicos maxilares estimulam o crescimento mandibular sagital e vertical, controlam a posição sagital da maxila e geram mudanças dentoalveolares favoráveis para a correção de más-oclusões de Classe II.
Objective: comparing in the sagittal plane the skeletal and dento alveolar effects for the maxilla and the mandible as a result of the use of Bionator, Klammt and SN1 as a treatment of malocclusions class II skeletal. Material and Methods: a prospective study was realized on 21 boys and girls with skeletal Class II malocclusion under treatment with Bionator, Klammt or SN1, in which compare the changes in the maxillary, mandibular and dento-alveolar component by means of measurements and cephalometric angles in the sagittal plane. The averages of lengths and angles between T1y T2 was compare by t-student and wilcoxon tests. By Anova tests, contrasted the percentage of change in the measures of importance for the three groups. Results: 42 lateral skull radiographs were evaluated (21 initial-T1, 21 final-T2). 62% of participants were male and 38% were women. The average age for onset of treatment was 9.5 ± 1.2. The SN1 presented the highest average percent of change of the Co-Pg mandibular length (6.69 ± 3.3), Co-B (6.59 ± 1.42). A higher average relative change in the height of the ramus was found in Bionator (9.52 ± 7.21). Dento alveolar changes were clinically relevant for all three devices. Conclusion: orthopedic appliances stimulate mandibular sagittal and vertical growth, control the sagittal position of the maxilla, and generate favorable dento alveolar changes to correct class II malocclusions.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Aparelhos Ortodônticos Funcionais/efeitos adversos , Mandíbula , Maxila , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle/epidemiologia , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle/terapia , Interpretação Estatística de DadosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Seminoma comprises approximately 50% of testicular germ cell tumors. Renal metastases are infrequent, and are usually recognized at necropsy. CLINICAL CASE: A 24 years-old man with history of left radical orchiectomy due to classical seminoma (stage I), and adjuvant radiotherapy, showed elevated levels of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase in the eleven month follow-up. Computed tomography showed a 9 × 8 cm lobulated, heterogeneous tumor in the left kidney. The histopathological and immunohistochemical assay demonstrated a classical metastatic seminoma. CONCLUSION: The majority of renal tumors represent primary neoplasm; in patients with extra-renal tumors we must consider the possibility of a metastatic disease.
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Neoplasias Renais/secundário , Seminoma/secundário , Neoplasias Testiculares/cirurgia , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Terapia Combinada , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Masculino , Nefrectomia , Orquiectomia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Seminoma/diagnóstico , Seminoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Testiculares/radioterapia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
An NMR titration method has been used to simultaneously measure the acid dissociation constant (pKa) and the intramolecular NHO prototropic constant ΔKNHO on a set of Schiff bases. The model compounds were synthesized from benzylamine and substituted ortho-hydroxyaldehydes, appropriately substituted with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups to modulate the acidity of the intramolecular NHO hydrogen bond. The structure in solution was established by 1H-, 13C- and 15N-NMR spectroscopy. The physicochemical parameters of the intramolecular NHO hydrogen bond (pKa, ΔKNHO and ΔΔG°) were obtained from 1H-NMR titration data and pH measurements. The Henderson-Hasselbalch data analysis indicated that the systems are weakly acidic, and the predominant NHO equilibrium was established using Polster-Lachmann δ-diagram analysis and Perrin model data linearization.
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Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Bases de Schiff/química , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular/métodos , Bases de Schiff/síntese química , SoluçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Serum levels of cystatin C, an endogenous inhibitor of cysteine proteases, provide an alternative method to creatinine-based criteria for measuring glomerular filtration rate. Preliminary data suggested that serum cystatin C levels parallel with the stage of liver fibrosis in chronic liver disorders. Our aim has been to evaluate the possible role of serum cystatin C as a marker of liver fibrosis in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced chronic liver disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 consecutive patients (56 men, mean age 51.2 ± 9.5 yrs) with HCV-induced chronic liver disease, scheduled for their first liver biopsy and naïve for antiviral therapy were included. Liver fibrosis was evaluated with the METAVIR score. Serum cystatin C and standard laboratory tests were measured simultaneously. Patients with ethanol abuse (> 50 g/day), HBV or HIV coinfection or plasma creatinine ≥ 1.20 mg/dL were excluded. In addition, a second group of 16 patients fulfilling the same requisites and diagnosed with HCV-induced compensated cirrhosis by clinical evidence of portal hypertension was included. RESULTS: Serum cystatin C levels significantly increase from F0 to F2 fibrosis stages, remained stable in F3 and F4 stages and increased again in the group of non-biopsied compensated cirrhosis. Serum cystatin C levels were higher in patients with moderate-advanced necroinflammation in the liver biopsy. CONCLUSION: Serum cystatin C level may reflect current fibrogenic and necroinflammatory activities in chronic HCV-induced liver disease with normal renal function but can not be considered as a non-invasive marker of liver fibrosis.
Assuntos
Cistatina C/sangue , Hepatite C Crônica/sangue , Cirrose Hepática/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biópsia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Hepatite C Crônica/patologia , Hepatite C Crônica/virologia , Humanos , Fígado/patologia , Fígado/virologia , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico en pacientes operados por vía abdominal en forma electiva y de urgencia en un servicio de cirugía general de un centro de 2do nivel de atención. Sede: Hospital Regional Salamanca de PEMEX. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo, transversal, descriptivo y observacional. Análisis estadístico: Medidas de tendencia central. Pacientes y métodos: Se trata de un estudio en el que se incluyeron los pacientes postoperados por vía abdominal en el servicio de Cirugía General, en el periodo comprendido entre julio y diciembre del 2007. Se analizaron los pacientes que presentaron infección del sitio quirúrgico. Se excluyeron a los pacientes que no fueron intervenidos en este hospital. Las variables analizadas fueron edad, género, tipo de cirugía, patologías asociadas y complicaciones quirúrgicas. Resultados: En el periodo de estudio se analizaron un total de 105 procedimientos quirúrgicos. Hubo 55 mujeres (52.4%) y 50 hombres (47.61%), con edad promedio de 43 ± 26.5 años con un rango de 3 a 83 años. Fueron 75 pacientes de cirugía electiva y 30 se operaron como urgencia. Las cirugías realizadas fueron, en orden de frecuencia, colecistectomía, apendicectomía, plastías inguinales con colocación de malla, colocación de catéteres de Tenckhoff, laparotomías exploradoras, plastías umbilicales y funduplicaturas. Del total de procedimientos realizados se presentaron 6 pacientes (5.7%) con infección del sitio quirúrgico. Conclusión: La prevalencia de infección de la herida quirúrgica en este estudio es similar a la reportada por otros autores. Es importante contar con protocolos de prevención y tratamiento de las infecciones de las heridas quirúrgicas. Además, se debe conocer la microbiología propia de la institución y de cada servicio de atención, para un manejo adecuado y óptimo de los antibióticos.
Objective: To know the prevalence of surgical site infections in patients subjected to either elective or emergence abdominal surgery at a General Surgery service in a second level health care center. Setting: PEMEX Regional Hospital at Salamanca . Second level health care center. Design: Prospective, transversal, descriptive and observational study. Statistical analysis: Central tendency measures. Patients and methods: We included those patients subjected to abdominal surgery at the General Surgery service, between the month of July and December 2007. We analyzed those that presented infection of the surgical site. We excluded those patients that were not operated in this hospital. Analyzed variables were age, gender, type of surgery, associated pathologies, and surgical complications. Results: In the study period, we analyzed a total of 105 surgical procedures. There were 55 women (52.4%) and 50 men (47.61%), average age of 43 ± 26.5 years with a range of 3 to 83 years. Elective surgery was done in 75 patients, and 30 patients corresponded to emergency surgery. Performed surgeries were, in order of frequency, cholecystectomy, appendicectomy, inguinal plasties with mesh placement, placement of Tenckhoff catheter, exploratory laparotomies, umbilical plasties, and fundoplications. Of the total of procedures performed, six patients (5.7%) coursed with infection of the surgical site. Conclusion: Prevalence of surgical wound infection in this study is similar to that reported by other authors. It is important to count upon prevention and treatment protocols for infections of surgical wounds. Besides, the characteristic microbiology of the institution and of each service has to be known for an adequate and optimal management of antibiotics.