RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adolescents are more prone to develop health risk behaviors. Among these, early consumption of psychoactive drugs is relevant. AIM: To assess the association between early consumption of illicit drugs, tobacco and alcohol, suicide behaviors, risky sexual behaviors, eating habits and physical activity in school age adolescents from Valparaiso, Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The online world survey of scholar health to identify the health risk behaviors was answered by 550 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years, from a public educational institution at Valparaiso, Chile. Results: Early consumption of alcohol, smoking and illicit drug use was reported by 59, 57 and 44% of respondents, respectively. The frequency of psychoactive drug consumption during the last month, risky sexual behaviors and missing breakfast was higher among those with an early onset of alcohol and illicit drug consumption and smoking. The frequency of suicidal risk behaviors and low consumption of fruits and vegetables was higher among those with an early onset of illicit drug use and smoking. A low physical activity level was associated with early smoking onset. Health risk behaviors were associated with early onset of alcohol and illicit drug consumption and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Early onset of alcohol and illicit drug consumption and smoking is associated with health risk behaviors in Chilean adolescents.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Drogas Ilícitas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Psicotrópicos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Comportamentos de Risco à SaúdeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adolescents are more prone to develop health risk behaviors. Among these, early consumption of psychoactive drugs is relevant. AIM: To assess the association between early consumption of illicit drugs, tobacco and alcohol, suicide behaviors, risky sexual behaviors, eating habits and physical activity in school age adolescents from Valparaiso, Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The online world survey of scholar health to identify the health risk behaviors was answered by 550 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years, from a public educational institution at Valparaiso, Chile. RESULTS: Early consumption of alcohol, smoking and illicit drug use was reported by 59, 57 and 44% of respondents, respectively. The frequency of psychoactive drug consumption during the last month, risky sexual behaviors and missing breakfast was higher among those with an early onset of alcohol and illicit drug consumption and smoking. The frequency of suicidal risk behaviors and low consumption of fruits and vegetables was higher among those with an early onset of illicit drug use and smoking. A low physical activity level was associated with early smoking onset. Health risk behaviors were associated with early onset of alcohol and illicit drug consumption and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Early onset of alcohol and illicit drug consumption and smoking is associated with health risk behaviors in Chilean adolescents.
Assuntos
Drogas Ilícitas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Adolescente , Comportamentos de Risco à Saúde , Chile/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Psicotrópicos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Education on human sexuality was instituted in Eloisa Díaz Campus in 1946. From 2018 an online self-learning general education course on sexuality was started. AIM: To know the degree of knowledge about sexuality and the perception about the course of 586 students (42% women) who approved the course. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Myths and False beliefs and Self-perception on sexuality tests were applied to students at the onset and the end of the course. They also anonymously evaluated the course. RESULTS: In the first assessment, the proportion of correct answers about sexuality and reproduction were 47 and 40% respectively. In the second assessment, 70% of respondents had open criteria about sexuality and 90% rejected traditional criteria. In the anonymous assessment, 95% estimated that the objectives of the course were accomplished. Its quality was considered good or excellent by 95% of respondents. CONCLUSIONS: This course was well accepted by students and corrects their knowledge gaps in sexuality. Despite the social unrest during 2019 and the pandemic during 2020, the course was successfully completed by most students.
Assuntos
Sexualidade , Universidades , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Comportamento Sexual , Estudantes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The use of pesticides for plague control in agroecosystems generates a threat to wildlife and a major problem for human health. Pesticide compounds are also an important source of water and atmosphere contamination. Although insecticides are effective on their target organisms, they often affect organisms that are not their target. The aim of the present study was to research the effects of 3 types of neurotoxic insecticides-a pyrethroid (cypermethrin), a neonicotinoid (imidacloprid), and an organophosphate (chlorpyrifos)-on behavioral and physiological parameters of Pardosa saltans spider (Lycosidae). Our study analyzed for the first time the exploratory behavior of the spider mothers in the presence of these 3 insecticides on their egg-sacs and also on the ground. We also evaluated the oxidative stress effects on the juveniles hatched in the egg-sac protected by silk in relation to variations in detoxification enzymes (catalase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase) and lipid peroxidation (reactive oxygen species [ROS]). The results show that these insecticides are repellents for mothers (cypermethrin is the most repellent), and maternal behavior is modified after detection of an insecticide on their egg-sac but mothers do not abandon their egg-sacs. These neurotoxic insecticides affect the juveniles inside their egg-sac. Cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos caused more oxidative stress in juveniles than did imidacloprid. The ROS generated by these insecticides seemed to be adequately eliminated by the juveniles' antioxidant systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2861-2873. © 2021 SETAC.
Assuntos
Clorpirifos , Inseticidas , Praguicidas , Piretrinas , Aranhas , Animais , Clorpirifos/toxicidade , Feminino , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Humanos , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Mães , Estresse Oxidativo , Praguicidas/farmacologia , Piretrinas/toxicidade , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Seda/farmacologia , Aranhas/metabolismoRESUMO
Background: Education on human sexuality was instituted in Eloisa Díaz Campus in 1946. From 2018 an online self-learning general education course on sexuality was started. Aim: To know the degree of knowledge about sexuality and the perception about the course of 586 students (42% women) who approved the course. Material and Methods: The Myths and False beliefs and Self-perception on sexuality tests were applied to students at the onset and the end of the course. They also anonymously evaluated the course. Results: In the first assessment, the proportion of correct answers about sexuality and reproduction were 47 and 40% respectively. In the second assessment, 70% of respondents had open criteria about sexuality and 90% rejected traditional criteria. In the anonymous assessment, 95% estimated that the objectives of the course were accomplished. Its quality was considered good or excellent by 95% of respondents. Conclusions: This course was well accepted by students and corrects their knowledge gaps in sexuality. Despite the social unrest during 2019 and the pandemic during 2020, the course was successfully completed by most students.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Universidades , Sexualidade , Comportamento Sexual , Estudantes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Appendix-associated hernias are extremely rare. They have been described sporadically in the literature, mostly as inguinal hernias. Appendix-associated incisional hernias are even more unusual. High clinical awareness is needed as complications can arise if misdiagnosis or delay occurs. We present an 80-year-old man with acute appendicitis in an incisional hernia. After successful surgery, the patient made a full recovery.
Assuntos
Apendicectomia , Apendicite/diagnóstico , Herniorrafia/efeitos adversos , Hérnia Incisional/diagnóstico , Doenças Raras/diagnóstico , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Apendicite/etiologia , Apendicite/cirurgia , Apêndice/diagnóstico por imagem , Apêndice/cirurgia , Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Humanos , Hérnia Incisional/etiologia , Hérnia Incisional/cirurgia , Masculino , Náusea/etiologia , Doenças Raras/etiologia , Doenças Raras/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento , Vômito/etiologiaRESUMO
Background: Adolescence is considered a nutritionally vulnerable period of life, since their eating habits are influenced by factors that can promote the consumption of non-nutritious food. Aim: To analyze the relation between eating habits, obesity, and the perception of Health-Related Quality of Life in school-aged adolescents. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 550 adolescents aged 16 ± 1 years (60% women) attending a public education institution in Valparaíso, Chile. The Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) for eating habits and the KIDSCREEN-27 survey for health-related quality of life were self-administered online. The answers were anonymous. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the variables, which was adjusted for age and sex. Results: Ten percent of men and 6% of women were obese. Those with an inadequate consumption of fruits had a worst perception of their physical well-being, autonomy and relationship with their parents. Psychological well-being and school environment were perceived worst among those that did not consume breakfast. Obese respondents also reported a poorest physical health. Conclusions: Inadequate eating habits and obesity have a negative effect of health-related quality of life among adolescents.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Qualidade de Vida , Comportamento Alimentar , Instituições Acadêmicas , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Obesidade InfantilRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la calidad de la educación sexual recibida en el contexto escolar y su asociación a conductas sexuales en adolescentes chilenos. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal y analítico. La muestra correspondió a adolescentes de ambos sexos de 15 a 19 años, se obtuvo de una base de datos con representación nacional. Se evaluó la calidad de la educación sexual recibida en el contexto escolar como buena, regular y mala. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y de asociación entre las variables. Se calculó OR (Odds ratio) y RRR (Relative-risk ratios) ajustado por sexo, edad en años cumplidos, grupo socioeconómico y zona. RESULTADOS: La muestra correspondió a 1.049 adolescentes sexualmente activos, de estos el 21,83% correspondió al grupo con evaluación mala, 44,16% con evaluación regular y 34,01% con evaluación buena. La razón entre adolescentes que no usaron condón en la última relación sexual versus usaron condón, es 1,64 veces mayor en los adolescentes con evaluación mala de la educación sexual recibida (OR: 1,64; IC95%: 1,01 - 2,68). La razón entre adolescentes que tuvieron dos o más parejas sexuales en el último año versus ninguna o una, es 2,15 veces mayor en los adolescentes con evaluación mala de la educación sexual recibida (OR: 2,15; IC95%: 1,30 - 3,56). CONCLUSIÓN: Los participantes de este estudio evalúan la educación sexual recibida mayoritariamente como regular, existiendo una asociación con las conductas sexuales. Es importante realizar estudios en profundidad que permitan conocer por qué los adolescentes evalúan sólo como regular la educación sexual recibida en el sistema escolar.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of the sexual education received in the school context and its association with sexual behaviors in Chilean adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional and analytical study. The sample corresponded to adolescents of both sexes from 15 to 19 years old, it was obtained from a database with national representation. The quality of the sexual education received in the school context was evaluated as good, regular and bad. Descriptive and association analysis were performed between the variables. OR (Odds ratio) and RRR (Relative-risk ratios) adjusted for sex, age in completed years, socioeconomic group and area were calculated. RESULTS: The sample corresponded to 1,049 sexually active adolescents, of these, 21.83% corresponded to the group with bad "Evaluation", 44.16% with regular "Evaluation" and 34.01% with good "Evaluation". The ratio among adolescents who did not use a condom in the last sexual relationship versus those who used a condom is 1.64 times higher in adolescents with a poor evaluation of sexual education received (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.01 - 2.68). The ratio among adolescents who had two or more sexual partners in the last year versus those who had neither or one, is 2.15 times higher in adolescents with poor evaluation of sexual education received (OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.30 - 3.56). CONCLUSION: The participants of this study evaluate the sexual education received mostly as regular, with an association with sexual behaviors. It is important to conduct in-depth studies that allow us to know why adolescents evaluate the sexual education received in the school system as regular only.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Educação Sexual , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Avaliação EducacionalRESUMO
OBJETIVOS: Determinar la asociación entre el consumo de sustancias y características de salud sexual y reproductiva de mujeres jóvenes en Chile. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal analítico en mujeres entre 15 a 24 años. Se formaron 3 grupos: Sin consumo de sustancias (SCS), Consumo no problemático de sustancias (CNPS) y Consumo problemático de sustancias (CPS). Se realizó análisis descriptivo y de asociación entre las variables. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística múltiple y ordinal múltiple. RESULTADOS: Muestra de 2.589 jóvenes, el 37,8% correspondió al grupo SCS, 46,3% al grupo CSNP y 15,9% al grupo CPS. En promedio la edad de inicio de actividad sexual fue menor en el grupo CPS (15,9 años p = 0,001) mostrando mayor porcentajes de sexo oral, anal, no uno de condón, relaciones sexuales con parejas menos estables, mayor número de parejas sexuales y violencia en la pareja, (p =0,001). En este grupo se incrementa 5,84 el riesgo de tener la última relación sexual con pareja menos estable (IC95%: 3,90 - 12,01) y 8,35 veces el riesgo de tener 2 o más parejas sexuales (últimos 12 meses) (IC95%: 5,35 - 16,34). En el grupo CNPS se incrementa 1,11 veces el riesgo de tener la última relación sexual con pareja menos estable (IC95%: 1,43 - 3,12), 1,01 veces tener 2 y más parejas sexuales (últimos 12 meses) (IC95%: 1,20 - 3,36). CONCLUSIONES: Reconociéndose que la sexualidad es multifactorial, las mujeres con consumo de sustancias viven situaciones que facilitan riesgos para su salud sexual. El consumo en mujeres jóvenes es un problema de salud pública que presenta desafíos para su abordaje.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between substance use and characteristics of sexual and reproductive health of young women in Chile. METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study in women between 15 and 24 years. Three groups were formed: No substance use (SCS), Non-problematic substance use (CNPS) and Problem substance use (CPS). Descriptive and association analysis was performed between the variables. Multiple logistic regression and multiple ordinal models were adjusted. RESULTS: Sample of 2,589 young people, 37.8% corresponded to the SCS group, 46.3% to the CSNP group and 15.9% to the CPS group. On average the age of onset of sexual activity was lower in the CPS group (15.9 years p = 0.001) showing higher percentages of oral, anal sex, not a condom, sex with less stable partners, greater number of sexual partners and violence in the couple, (p = 0.001). In this group the risk of having the last sexual relationship with a less stable partner is increased 5.84 (95% CI: 3.90 - 12.01) and 8.35 times the risk of having 2 or more sexual partners (last 12 months) (95% CI: 5.35-16.34). In the CNPS group the risk of having the last sexual relationship with a less stable partner is increased 1.11 times (95% CI: 1.43 - 3.12), 1.01 times having 2 and more sexual partners (last 12 months) (95% CI: 1.20-3.36). CONCLUSIONS: Recognizing that sexuality is multifactorial, women with substance use experience situations that facilitate risks to their sexual health. Consumption in young women is a public health problem that presents challenges for its approach.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Saúde Reprodutiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Sexual , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Modelos Logísticos , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Sexualidade , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Saúde ReprodutivaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adolescence is considered a nutritionally vulnerable period of life, since their eating habits are influenced by factors that can promote the consumption of non-nutritious food. AIM: To analyze the relation between eating habits, obesity, and the perception of Health-Related Quality of Life in school-aged adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 550 adolescents aged 16 ± 1 years (60% women) attending a public education institution in Valparaíso, Chile. The Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) for eating habits and the KIDSCREEN-27 survey for health-related quality of life were self-administered online. The answers were anonymous. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the variables, which was adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: Ten percent of men and 6% of women were obese. Those with an inadequate consumption of fruits had a worst perception of their physical well-being, autonomy and relationship with their parents. Psychological well-being and school environment were perceived worst among those that did not consume breakfast. Obese respondents also reported a poorest physical health. CONCLUSIONS: Inadequate eating habits and obesity have a negative effect of health-related quality of life among adolescents.
Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Qualidade de Vida , Adolescente , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and radiological characteristics and outcomes of patients with aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) coexisting with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) in a single center. METHODS: We included patients with diagnosis of NMOSD and a concomitant diagnosis of SLE or pSS. Demographic, clinical, serological and imaging characteristics were retrieved from clinical charts. RESULTS: Twelve patients were included, of whom 11 (91.7%) were women. Seven (58.3%) had SLE and five (41.7%) pSS. In five (41.7%) patients NMOSD followed SLE/pSS onset, four (33.3%) patients had a simultaneous presentation, and in three (25%) NMOSD preceded pSS onset. The mean age at first neurological event was 39 years. Eleven patients (91.7%) experienced acute transverse myelitis/longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, five (41.7%) optic neuritis, three (25%) a cerebral syndrome and two (16.7%) each area postrema syndrome, acute brainstem syndrome and cerebellar syndrome. Eleven (91.7%) patients went into either total or partial NMOSD remission at median follow-up of 89.5 months. CONCLUSION: AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD arose in the context of quiescent SLE and pSS with extraglandular features. As NMOSD coexisting with SLE/pSS is rare, collaborative multicenter studies are needed to clarify the natural history and outcomes of this overlap syndrome.
Assuntos
Aquaporina 4/imunologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Neuromielite Óptica/imunologia , Síndrome de Sjogren/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mielite Transversa/epidemiologia , Mielite Transversa/imunologia , Neuromielite Óptica/epidemiologia , Neurite Óptica/epidemiologia , Neurite Óptica/imunologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome de Sjogren/epidemiologia , SíndromeRESUMO
RESUMEN Antecedentes: Los adolescentes que se comprometen en actividad sexual en un contexto de sexo casual, pueden desarrollar patrones de actividad sexual que los llevarán a resultados en salud negativos tales como embarazo no planificado, infecciones de transmisión sexual, y mayor exposición a múltiples parejas sexuales. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre inicio sexual en contexto de sexo casual y comportamientos de riesgo en la salud sexual y reproductiva en adolescentes. Método: Estudio transversal y analítico en una población adolescente de ambos sexos. Se compararon adolescentes que iniciaron actividad sexual en un contexto de relaciones románticas y aquellos que lo hicieron en un contexto de sexo casual. Se analizó la asociación entre edad inicio relaciones sexuales, número de parejas sexuales, uso de método anticonceptivo y variables personales y familiares seleccionadas. Resultados: Se entrevistaron 3.565 adolescentes que habían iniciado relaciones sexuales. Las variables personales y familiares asociadas al inicio sexual en un contexto de sexo casual fueron: tener escolaridad básica, menor mediana de notas, antecedente de repitencia, proyectos académicos futuro solo terminar enseñanza media o secundaria, malas relaciones familiares, y disfunción familiar. Los comportamientos de riesgo en salud sexual en adolescentes de ambos sexos, que iniciaron actividad sexual en un contexto de relación de sexo casual fueron: inicio sexual más temprano, no uso de métodos anticonceptivos y mayor número de parejas sexuales. Conclusión: El inicio de la actividad sexual en un contexto de sexo casual expone a los adolescentes a mayores riesgos en sus comportamientos en su salud sexual y reproductiva cuando se comparan con aquellos que inician actividad sexual en un contexto más romantico.
ABSTRACT Background: Adolescents who engage in sexual activity in a non-romantic relationship may develop patterns of sexual activity that lead to negative health outcomes such as unplanned pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and increased exposure to multiple sexual partners. Objective: To analyze the association between sexual initiation in the context of non-romantic relationship and risk behaviors in sexual and reproductive health in adolescents. Method: Cross-sectional and analytical study in a teenage population of both sexes. We compared adolescents who initiated sexual activity in a context of romantic relationships and those who did it in a non-romantic context. The association between age at sexual initiation, number of sexual partners, use of contraceptive method and selected personal and family variables was analyzed. Results: 3,565 adolescents who had initiated sexual intercourse were interviewed. The personal and family variables associated with sexual initiation in a non-romantic context are: having a basic schooling, a lower grade point average and repeating background, and academic projects finishing secondary or high school, bad family relationships, and family dysfunction. The risk behaviors in sexual health in adolescents of both sexes who initiated sexual activity in a context of non-romantic relationship were: sexual debut earlier, no use of contraceptive methods and greater number of sexual partners. Conclusion: The beginning of sexual activity in a non-romantic context exposes adolescents to risk behaviors in their sexual and reproductive health.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Parceiros Sexuais , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores Etários , Comportamento ContraceptivoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effectiveness of class II restorations, in permanent teeth, through the ART technique in comparison to composite resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants (154), aged 8 to 19 years, with good general health, with class II cavities in permanent teeth, and without pulp involvement and tooth pain were included in this parallel and randomized clinical trial. The Ethics Committee approval number was CAAE: 24012913.0.1001.5417. Seventy-seven restorations were made with each restorative material (Equia Fil-GC Corporation and Z350-3M). Evaluations occurred at 6 and 12 months by the criteria of ART and the USPHS modified. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney, chi-square, Fisher's exact, chi-square tests with linear trend and logistic regression by enter method (p < 0.050). The Kaplan-Meier test evaluated the survival rates of the restorations. The log-rank test compared the survival curves. RESULTS: Regardless of the evaluation criteria used, the success rates of ART restorations were 98.7% (6 months) and 95.8% (12 months) and for composite resins were 100% (6 months) and 98.7% (12 months), with no statistical difference of restoration groups (p > 0.050). Survival rates for restorations, regardless of the evaluation criteria used, are the same as the success rates, with the exception of ART restorations at 12 months of follow-up (94.8%). CONCLUSION: No differences in the success rates of class II restorations of ART compared to resin composite, in permanent teeth, were observed after 12 months. CLINIC SIGNIFICANT: HVGIC can safely be used to restore proximal cavities in permanent teeth up to 12 months.
Assuntos
Resinas Compostas , Tratamento Dentário Restaurador sem Trauma , Cárie Dentária , Restauração Dentária Permanente , Adolescente , Criança , Falha de Restauração Dentária , Dentição Permanente , Feminino , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The presence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) ranges from 3% to 9.9%; however, there is no agreement about their clinical significance. Our aim was to systematically review the literature regarding the association of arthritis and ACPAs in pSS and their role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHOD: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Library from inception until June 2016 was undertaken using the combination of two or three of the keywords: primary Sjögren's syndrome, Sjögren's syndrome, arthritis, synovitis, arthropathy, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, and anti-citrullinated protein antibody - ACPA. No language restriction was used. Studies were included if they: assessed the association of arthritis and ACPAs, had sufficient data to construct a two-by-two table, tested immunoglobulin G ACPA by any method, and included patients with pSS according to a validated set of classification criteria. We used a random effects model and evaluated the heterogeneity and publication bias. RESULTS: Ten studies were included (involving 1322 patients). We found a pooled odds ratio of 4.42 (95% confidence interval 1.15-16.94, p = 0.03). The test for heterogeneity was I2 = 0.87. Publication bias was not observed. Based on data from three studies, 33 of 58 pSS patients with ACPAs (57%) developed RA compared with none of 598 pSS patients with negative ACPA (p < 0.000001). CONCLUSION: Patients with pSS disclosing ACPAs are prone to arthritis as part of the clinical spectrum of the disease, but are also at risk of developing RA.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiproteína Citrulinada , Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Síndrome de Sjogren/imunologia , Humanos , Síndrome de Sjogren/complicaçõesRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: La satisfacción sexual es un indicador de calidad de vida que ha ido adquiriendo mayor relevancia en la investigación científica. Objetivo: Comparar el nivel de satisfacción sexual y variables de relación de pareja y comportamiento sexual en mujeres adultas y adolescentes usuarias de dos centros de salud universitarios Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal y analítico en dos grupos de comparación: mujeres adultas y adolescentes. La satisfacción sexual fue medida mediante la Nueva Escala de Satisfacción Sexual (NSSS). Se aplicó cuestionario sobre datos sociodemográficos, relación de pareja y comportamiento sexual. Se realizó análisis bivariado y regresión logística para evaluar la asociación entre las variables de relación de pareja, comportamiento sexual y nivel de satisfacción sexual según grupo de adultas o adolescentes. Resultados: Participaron 348 mujeres (174 adultas y 174 adolescentes). La mediana de edad de adultas fue 33 años (rango 20-50) y adolescentes de 17 años (rango 14-19). En el 89,9% la experiencia sexual más reciente se dio en contexto de una relación de pareja. El 94,6 % se siente satisfecha con su relación de pareja. Las adolescentes presentan un mayor nivel de satisfacción sexual que las adultas. Conclusiones: En las mujeres adultas cuando la iniciativa sexual es compartida y se sienten satisfechas con la relación de pareja, aumenta la satisfacción sexual. En las adolescentes, aumenta la satisfaccción sexual cuando la actividad sexual se da en un contexto de relación de pareja y tienen una mayor frecuencia de relaciones sexuales.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Sexual satisfaction is an indicator of quality of life that has become more relevant in scientific research. Objective: To compare the level of sexual satisfaction, variables of couple relationship and sexual behavior of adult women and adolescents who are users of two university health care centers. Methods: Observational, transversal and analytical study of two groups: adult and adolescents women. Sexual satisfaction was measured by the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale (NSSS). A questionnaire was applied based on sociodemographic data, couple relationship and sexual behavior. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to evaluate the variables of couple relationship, sexual behavior and level of sexual satisfaction according to the group of adults or adolescents. Results: 348 women participated (174 adults and 174 adolescents). The average age of adults was 33 years (range 20-50) and adolescents 17 years (range 14-19). In the total trial 89.9% the most recent sexual experience occurred in the context of a relationship. 94,6% feel satisfied with their relationship. Adolescents have a higher level of sexual satisfaction than adults. Conclusions: When adult women feel satisfied with their relationship and sexual initiative is shared, the sexual satisfaction increases. In adolescents, sexual satisfaction increases when sexual activity occurs in a relationship context and when they have a higher frequency of sexual relations
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Satisfação Pessoal , Qualidade de Vida , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Centros de Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Saúde da Mulher , Sexualidade/psicologia , Estudo ObservacionalRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad obtenida con la compresión ecoguiada como primera elección para lograr la trombosis del pseudoaneurisma iatrogénico post estudio o intervencionismo. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo observacional de 9 pacientes en quienes se realizó la compresión ecoguiada como primera alternativa de manejo frente a pseudoaneurismas iatrogénicos secundarios a procedimientos diagnósticos o terapéuticos ocurridos entre agosto de 2012 y diciembre de 2015 en el Hospital Regional de Talca. Resultados: De 4.070 procedimientos se presentó la complicación en 9 pacientes, un 0,22%; 7 posterior a procedimientos terapéuticos (0,4%), y 2 en el grupo de diagnósticos (0,08%). La muestra se compone por 6 hombres y 3 mujeres de edad promedio 70 años. El vaso comprometido fue principalmente la arteria femoral con un 77%. Los pseudoaneurismas ocurrieron mayoritariamente posteriores a procedimientos terapéuticos (77%); y el éxito de la compresión ecoguiada se obtuvo en el 67%. No hubo complicaciones asociadas al tratamiento. Conclusiones: La compresión ecoguiada tiene un porcentaje de éxito menor en esta pequeña serie que los obtenidos por otros autores, pero al no presentar complicaciones y por su bajo costo creemos debe mantenerse como primera alternativa.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness obtained with echo guided compression as the first choice to achieve thrombosis of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm after study or interventionism. Material and Method: Retrospective observational study of 9 patients who underwent echo-guided compression as the first management alternative to iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms following diagnostic or therapeutic procedures that occurred between August 2012 and December 2015 at the Regional Hospital of Talca. Results: Of 4,070 procedures the complication was presented in 9 patients, 0.22%; 7 after therapeutic procedures (0.4%), and 2 in the diagnostic group (0.08%). The sample consists of 6 men and 3 women of average age 70 years. The involved vessel was mainly the femoral artery with 77%. Pseudoaneurysms occurred mostly after therapeutic procedures (77%); and the success of the echogenic compression was obtained in 67%. There were no complications associated with treatment. Conclusions : Image guided compression has a lower success rate in this small series than those obtained by other authors, but since there are no complications and because of its low cost, we believe that it should be kept as the first alternative.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Cateterismo/efeitos adversos , Técnicas Hemostáticas , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Falso Aneurisma/terapia , Pressão , Fatores de Tempo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Falso Aneurisma/etiologia , Falso Aneurisma/epidemiologia , Falso Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Femoral/lesões , Doença IatrogênicaRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la edad de inicio sexual y su asociación a variables de salud sexual y violencia en la relación de pareja (VRP) en adolescentes chilenos. Métodos Estudio transversal y analítico. La muestra se obtuvo de base de datos con representación nacional. Se realizó análisis de regresión logística múltiple controlando por edad y grupo socioeconómico y estratificando por sexo para determinar asociación entre las variables. Resultados En mujeres, el inicio sexual temprano (antes de los 15 años) aumenta en 0,85 veces el riesgo de embarazo no planificado (OR: 1,85; IC95%: 1,08 - 3,15). En hombres el inicio sexual temprano aumenta en 2.33 veces el riego de no usar anticonceptivo en la primera relación sexual (OR: 3,33; IC95%: 1,85 - 6,01) y 4.33 veces de tener 2 y más parejas sexuales durante los últimos 12 meses (OR: 5,33; IC95%: 3,25 - 8,75). La prevalencia de VRP fue 10%, siendo la violencia psicológica la más frecuente en hombres y en mujeres. En las mujeres, la edad de inicio sexual temprano aumenta 5,72 veces el riesgo de violencia física (OR: 6,72; IC95%: 2,52 - 17,87) y 7,82 veces violencia psicológica (OR: 8,82; IC95%: 4,10 - 19,0). Las adolescentes que presentan un inicio temprano de actividad sexual, muestran más frecuencia de prácticas de control y abuso hacia su pareja, en comparación con los hombres. Conclusiones El inicio sexual temprano y la VRP existen con una frecuencia preocupante, existiendo asociación entre ambas, en especial en mujeres, lo que aumenta el riesgo para la salud en general. Es necesaria la capacitación de los equipos de salud y educación e implementación de estrategias integrales que contribuyan a promover la salud y bienestar de los adolescentes.
ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the age of sexual debut, its association with variables of sexual health and intimate partner violence (PV) in Chilean adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional and analytical study. The sample was obtained from a database with national representation. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out controlling by age and socioeconomic group and stratifying by sex to determine association between the variables. Results In women, the age of early sexual initiation increases in 0.85 times the risk of unplanned pregnancy (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.08 - 3.15). In men, the age of early sexual debut increases by 2.33 times the risk of not using contraception in the first sexual relationship (OR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.85 - 6.01) and 4.33 times of having 2 and more sexual partners during the last 12 months (OR: 5.33, 95% CI: 3.25 - 8.75). The prevalence of PV was 10%, psychological violence was the most frequent in men and women. In women, the age of early sexual initiation increases 5.72 times the risk of physical violence (OR: 6.72, 95% CI: 2.52 17.87) and 7.82 times psychological violence (OR: 8.82; 95% CI: 4.10 - 19.0) Adolescents who have an early onset of sexual activity show more evidence of control practices and abuse toward their partner, compared to men. Conclusions Intimate partner violence exists with a worrisome frequency, having an association with early sexual initiation, especially in women, increasing the risk to health in general. It is necessary to train health and education teams and implement comprehensive strategies that contribute to promoting the health and well-being of adolescents.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores Etários , Comportamento do AdolescenteRESUMO
RESUMEN Antecedentes: La evidencia científica sugiere que el inicio de las relaciones románticas en la adolescencia temprana expone a los adolescentes a otros comportamientos no normativos, como inicio sexual más temprano, mayor número de parejas sexuales, inicio del consumo de alcohol y drogas, entre otros, lo que resultara en una desventaja persistente para su vida futura. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre relaciones románticas tempranas y comportamientos de riesgo en salud en adolescentes chilenas. Método: Estudio transversal y analítico en una población de 4.398 adolescentes mujeres quienes contestaron una encuesta al ingreso de su primera consulta. Se compararon adolescentes que iniciaron relaciones románticas en la adolescencia temprana (13 y menos años), adolescencia media (14 y 16 años) y adolescencia tardía (17 y 19 años). Se analizó la asociación entre edad inicio relaciones románticas y variables personales, familiares, y de comportamiento. Resultados: El 50,1% inició relaciones románticas en la adolescencia temprana; el 48,3% en la adolescencia media y el 1,7% en la adolescencia tardía. El 84,17% del total de la muestra había iniciado actividad sexual y un 26,6% de ellas lo hizo antes de los 15 años. Se observó que las adolescentes que habían iniciado relaciones románticas en la adolescencia temprana con mayor frecuencia habían iniciado actividad sexual a edad más temprana, tenían más parejas cuando se comparan con los otros grupos. La menor edad de inicio de relaciones románticas también se asoció al consumo de marihuana. Conclusión: El inicio de las relaciones románticas en la adolescencia temprana se asoció a inicio sexual más temprano, tener más parejas sexuales, consumo de marihuana en adolescentes mujeres.
SUMMARY Background: Scientific evidence suggests that starting romantic relationships in early adolescence exposes people to other non-normative behaviors such as earlier sexual initiation, a larger number of sexual partners, and the start of alcohol and drug use, among others, leading to persistent disadvantages later in life. Objective: To analyze the association between early romantic relationships and health-risk behaviors in female Chilean adolescents. Method: Cross-sectional and analytic study in a population of 4.398 female adolescents who answered a survey during first medical appointment. The study compared adolescents who started romantic relationships in early adolescence (13 years and under), middle adolescence (14 and 16 years), and late adolescence (17 and 19 years). The association between the starting age of romantic relationships and personal, family and behavioral variables was analyzed. Results: 50.1% of the participants engaged in romantic relationships in early adolescence; 48.3% in middle adolescence, and 1.7% in late adolescence. 84.17% of sample had initiated sexual activity and 26.6% had done so before the age of 15. It was observed that adolescents who had had their first romantic relationships in early adolescence were more at risk of starting sexual activity at an earlier age, and having more sexual partners compared to the other groups. An earlier starting age of romantic relationships was also associated with marijuana use. Conclusion: The start of romantic relationships in early adolescence was associated with earlier sexual initiation, more sexual partners, and marijuana use in female adolescents.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Sexualidade/psicologia , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Drogas Ilícitas , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Usuários de Drogas/psicologia , Uso da Maconha , Relações InterpessoaisRESUMO
Background The use of psychoactive substances among adolescents is a major social and public health concern. Aim To analyze association of substance abuse and multiple drug use with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents attending a high school in Valparaiso, Chile. Material and Methods Analytical cross-sectional study conducted in a sample of adolescents attending high school. HRQOL was assessed using KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire and substance use was measured using the Global school-based student health survey. Participants had to complete online, self-administered, anonymous questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate Odd ratios. Results A total of 550 adolescents aged 16 ± 1 years old completed the questionnaires. Thirty nine percent consumed alcohol during the last month, 31% smoked, 33% used marijuana and 33% admitted the use of multiple drugs. High-risk alcohol consumption was associated with a lower perception of psychological well-being, self-perception and school environment. This last dimension was affected in those who admitted marijuana use during the last month. Multiple drug use (three substances) was associated with a lower perception of physical and psychological well-being, self-perception, relationship with parents, family life and school environment. Conclusions High-risk alcohol consumption and multiple drug use (three substances) have a negative impact on the HRQOL of school age adolescents.