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ABSTRACTAnaerobic digestion (AD) relies on the cooperation of specific microbial communities, making it susceptible to process disruptions that could impact biogas production. In this regard, this study presents a technological solution based on the Arduino platform, in the form of a simple online monitoring system that can track the produced biogas profile, named as biogas analyzer module (BAM). The applicability of the BAM focused on monitoring the biogas produced from sugarcane vinasse inoculated with sewage sludge biodigestion processed in mesophilic conditions (38 oC), in a pH range of 6.5-7.5, and following a three-stage operational model: (i) an adaptation (168 h), (ii) complete mixing (168 h), and (iii) bio-stimulation with glycerol (192 h). Then, the lab-made BAM was used to trace the produced biogas profile, which registered a total biogas volume of 8,719.86 cm3 and biomethane concentration of 95.79% (vol.), removing 90.8% (vol) of carbon dioxide (CO2) and 65.2% (vol) of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In conclusion, the results ensured good accuracy and efficiency to the device created by comparisons with established standards (chromatographic and colorimetric methods), as well as the cost reduction. The developed device would likely be six times cheaper than what is available in the market.

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BACKGROUND: Graph theory (GT) is a mathematical field that analyses complex networks that can be applied to neuroimaging to quantify brain's functional systems in Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the functional connectivity (FC) measured by the global efficiency (GE) of the motor network in PD and compare it to ET and healthy controls (HC), and correlate it to clinical parameters. METHODS: 103 subjects (54PD, 18ET, 31HC) were submitted to structural and functional MRI. A network was designed with regions of interest (ROIs) involved in motor function, and GT was applied to determine its GE. Clinical parameters were analyzed as covariates to estimate the impact of disease severity and medication on GE. RESULTS: GE of the motor circuit was reduced in PD in comparison with HC (p .042). Areas that most contributed to it were left supplementary motor area (SMA) and bilateral postcentral gyrus. Tremor scores correlated positively with GE of the motor network in PD subgroups. For ET, there was an increase in the connectivity of the anterior cerebellar network to the other ROIs of the motor circuit in comparison with PD. CONCLUSIONS: FC measured by the GE of the motor network is diminished in PD in comparison with HC, especially due to decreased connectivity of left SMA and bilateral postcentral gyrus. This finding supports the theory that there is a global impairment of the motor network in PD, and it does not affect just the basal ganglia, but also areas associated with movement modulation. The ET group presented an increased connectivity of the anterior cerebellar network to the other ROIs of the motor circuit when compared to PD, which reinforces what it is known about its role in this pathology.

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OBJECTIVE: Twenty-four pregnant Nellore primiparous grazing cows were used to evaluate the effects of energy-protein supplementation and supplementation frequency during pre (105 d before calving) and postpartum (105 d after calving) on performance and metabolic characteristics. METHODS: Experimental treatments consisted of a control (no supplementation), daily supplementation (1.5 kg/d of concentrate/animal) and infrequent supplementation (4.5 kg of concentrate/animal every three days). During the pre and postpartum periods, concentrations of blood metabolites and animal performance were evaluated. Ureagenesis and energy metabolism markers were evaluated at prepartum period. RESULTS: Supplementation frequency did not alter (p>0.10) body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and carcass traits during pre and postpartum. The BW (p = 0.079), adjusted BW at day of parturition (p = 0.078), and ADG (p = 0.074) were greater for supplemented cows during the prepartum. The body condition score (BCS; p = 0.251), and carcass traits (p>0.10) were not affected by supplementation during prepartum. On postpartum, supplementation did not affect animal performance and carcass traits (p>0.10). The dry mater intake was not affected (p>0.10) by supplementation and supplementation frequency throughout the experimental period. Daily supplemented animals had greater (p<0.001) glucose levels than animals supplemented every three days. Supplementation and supplementation frequency did not alter (p>0.10) the levels of blood metabolites, neither the abundance of ureagenesis nor energy metabolism markers. CONCLUSION: In summary, our data show that the reduction of supplementation frequency does not cause negative impacts on performance and metabolic characteristics of primiparous grazing cows during the prepartum.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of nutritional strategies on productive and nutritional performance, metabolic profile, and ovarian activity in heifers under grazing in the tropics in Brazil. Forty Nellore heifers averaging 8.5 ± 0.06 months and 248.6 ± 3.3 kg body weight (BW) were distributed in a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial design with four treatments and ten replicates. The evaluated strategies consisted of different amounts of energetic-protein supplement: (1) 4 g/kg of BW of supplement in the pre-weaning and post-weaning; (2) 4 g/kg of BW of supplement pre-weaning and 6 g/kg in the post-weaning; (3) 6 g/kg of BW of supplement in the pre-weaning and 4 g/kg of BW in the post-weaning and; (4) 6 g/kg of BW of supplement in the pre-weaning and post-weaning. Crude protein (CP) and organic matter (OM) intake were increased (P < 0.05) by increasing the amounts of supplement in the post-weaning. Additionally, increasing supplement amounts in the post-weaning increased the digestibility of OM and CP (P < 0.05). Means insulin and glucose concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) for heifers that received higher amounts of supplement in the post-weaning. Average daily gain and fat thickness in the rump were increased (P < 0.05) by increasing supplement amounts in the post-weaning. Amounts of supplement did not influence the body growth of heifers. However, follicular number, diameter, and progesterone concentration were greater (P < 0.05) for heifers that received higher amounts of supplement in the post-weaning. In summary, increasing supplement amounts in the post-weaning improve the performance, energy and metabolic status, and ovarian activity in beef heifers under grazing in the tropics. Due to higher intake of supplement, the heifers receiving 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning had greater responses, independently of the supplement amount received pre-weaning.

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Objectives: To evaluate the clinical effect of sciatic neural mobilization in combination with the treatment of surrounding structures for sciatica patients. Secondly, we were also interested in identifying possible baseline characteristics that may be associated with improvements in pain and disability for sciatica patients. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with a clinical diagnosis of sciatica were treated with neural mobilization, joint mobilization and soft tissue techniques. Pain intensity and lumbar disability were assessed at baseline and after treatment using a Numerical Rating Scale (0-10) and the Oswestry Disability Index (0-100), respectively. The pre- and post-intervention data were compared. The research protocol was registered under the number NCT03663842. Results: Participants attended an average of 16 (SD±5.6) treatmentsessions over an average of 12 weeks. Decrease in pain scores (before median = 8, after median = 2; p < 0.001) and improvement in lumbar disability scores (before median = 33.3%, after median = 15.6%; p < 0.001) were observed. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that duration of pain and age of the patient predicted the disability improvement: F (2, 24) = 4.084, p < 0.030, R2 = 0.254. Discussion: Patients with sciatica may benefit from neural mobilization in combination with manual therapy for pain and lumbar disability. Longer pain duration and younger age had a negative influence on lumbar disability improvement.

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A reflexão contida neste trabalho é resultado de pesquisa realizada no período de 2011 a 2013, em escola pública do distrito de Igaraí, na cidade de Mococa, interior do Estado de São Paulo ­ Brasil, buscando possibilidades de percepção de imaginários e funcionalidades erigidas sobre e para a unidade escolar, junto a seus atores e distrito. Valendo-nos dos documentos produzidos pela unidade escolar, referência documental sobre o distrito e também de análise de entrevistas concedidas por atores envolvidos na constituição da vida escolar, encontramos localidades interpenetradas e em movimentos diversos, assincrônicos, cujas próprias funcionalidades declaradas e imaginadas mantinham-se precariamente sob constante negociações.(AU)

The reflection contained in this work is the result of research carried out from 2011 to 2013, in a public school in the district of Igaraí, in the city of Mococa, interior of the state of São Paulo - Brazil, seeking possibilities of perception of the imaginary and functionalities built on and to the school unit, along with its actors and district. Using the documents produced by the school unit, documentary reference about the district and also the analysis of interviews given by actors involved in the constitution of school life, we find interpenetrated and asynchronous localities, whose own declared and imagined functionalities remained precariously under constant negotiations.(AU)

La reflexión contenida en este trabajo es resultado de una investigación realizada en el período de 2011 a 2013, en escuela pública del distrito de Igaraí, en la ciudad de Mococa, interior del Estado de São Paulo - Brasil, buscando posibilidades de percepción de imaginarios y funcionalidades erigidas sobre y, para la unidad escolar, junto a sus actores y distrito. En los documentos producidos por la unidad escolar, referencia documental sobre el distrito y también de análisis de entrevistas concedidas por actores involucrados en la constitución de la vida escolar, encontramos localidades interpenetradas y en movimientos diversos, asincrónicos, cuyas propias características declaradas e imaginadas se mantenían precariamente bajo constantes negociaciones.(AU)

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Background: The pillars of animal production are sanity, genetics and nutrition. Sanitary control of the herd is importantto reduce production costs and maintain health. The Veterinary Clinics Hospital (HCV) of the Federal University of RioGrande do Sul (UFRGS), located in Porto Alegre - RS, is the place of greatest casuistry of the state, with 20.000 annualattendances, between small and large animals. In view of this scenario, the present study aimed to determine the frequencyand characterize the ruminants attended at HCV, in order to help in the future, in the construction of control and preventionstrategies of diseases found.Materials, Methods & Results: The documents of ruminant care between January 2007 and May 2018 were searched inthe archives of the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics of UFRGS. Data on species, race, sex, age and diagnosis were collected.Diagnoses were classified as conclusive and inconclusive and the cases with conclusive diagnosis were classified accordingto etiology: infectious and parasitic diseases, metabolic and nutritional diseases, reproductive and obstetric diseases, toxicdiseases, traumatic diseases. The prevalence of diseases and characteristics of ruminants attended (species, sex, category)was calculated. During the study period, between January 2007 and May 2018, 341 ruminants were attended, with emphasison sheep (42%), goats (39%) and cattle (18%). In addition, a camel with foreign body obstruction, a sambar deer withfracture of the first thoracic vertebra and a buffalo with ruminal impaction were attended. The care profile was mapped,with predominance of females (57%) and adults (59%). Most of the animals did not present a defined breed, but amongthe breeds stands out Texel, of cutting aptitude... (AU)

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Background: The pillars of animal production are sanity, genetics and nutrition. Sanitary control of the herd is importantto reduce production costs and maintain health. The Veterinary Clinics Hospital (HCV) of the Federal University of RioGrande do Sul (UFRGS), located in Porto Alegre - RS, is the place of greatest casuistry of the state, with 20.000 annualattendances, between small and large animals. In view of this scenario, the present study aimed to determine the frequencyand characterize the ruminants attended at HCV, in order to help in the future, in the construction of control and preventionstrategies of diseases found.Materials, Methods & Results: The documents of ruminant care between January 2007 and May 2018 were searched inthe archives of the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics of UFRGS. Data on species, race, sex, age and diagnosis were collected.Diagnoses were classified as conclusive and inconclusive and the cases with conclusive diagnosis were classified accordingto etiology: infectious and parasitic diseases, metabolic and nutritional diseases, reproductive and obstetric diseases, toxicdiseases, traumatic diseases. The prevalence of diseases and characteristics of ruminants attended (species, sex, category)was calculated. During the study period, between January 2007 and May 2018, 341 ruminants were attended, with emphasison sheep (42%), goats (39%) and cattle (18%). In addition, a camel with foreign body obstruction, a sambar deer withfracture of the first thoracic vertebra and a buffalo with ruminal impaction were attended. The care profile was mapped,with predominance of females (57%) and adults (59%). Most of the animals did not present a defined breed, but amongthe breeds stands out Texel, of cutting aptitude...

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O Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da UFRGS (HCV), localizado na cidade de Porto Alegre, se caracteriza como um hospital-escola atendendo as mais diversas espécies animais. Entre os seus setores dispõe de um serviço onde são atendidos, clínica e cirurgicamente, animais de grande porte, sendo em sua maioria equinos. Observou-se a importância de realizar um estudo retrospectivo sobre os últimos anos, afim de determinar a casuística das enfermidades dos equinos atendidos no HCV. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento dos atendimentos entre janeiro de 2014 e agosto de 2017. No período estudado, foram atendidos 438 cavalos, sendo 265 (60,5%) machos e 173 (39,5%) fêmeas. Ao final foi possível concluir sobre a importância de estudos de levantamento de casos, como esse, pois a partir deles muitos ajustes em relação ao correto preenchimento das fichas clínicas podem ser incorporados, assim como a possibilidade de estabelecer correlações futuras entre as afecções e as caraterísticas de idade, sexo e peso dos animais e período do ano onde essas podem se apresentar com maior frequência. Aspectos relacionados ao diagnóstico e a escolha das melhores terapias também podem ser aperfeiçoados com estudos retrospectivos, onde todos os segmentos vinculados ao atendimento dos animais ganham a oportunidade de agregar novos conhecimentos. Ao mesmo tempo, tais dados podem servir de base para a adoção de medidas preventivas junto aos tutores dos animais no intuito de orientá-los sobre o manejo adequado, visando o bem-estar e a saúde dos cavalos.

The UFRGS Veterinary Clinics Hospital (HCV), located in the city of Porto Alegre, is characterized as a school-hospital, attending all kinds of difterent animals. Among its sectors there is a service in which large animals, horses in majority, are attended, clinically and surgically. It has been observed the importance of doing a retrospective study about the recent years, to determine the casuistry of equine diseases attended in the HCV. To that end, a survey of the attendances was carried out between january 2014 and august 2017. During the study period, 438 horses, being 265 (60,5%) males and 173 (39,5%) females were attended to. In the end it was possible to conclude on the importance of case-studies, such as this one, because from them, many adjusts in relation to the correct filling of clinical records can be incorporated, as well as the possibility of establishing future correlations between the diseases and the animals' age, sex and weight characteristics and the period of the year where these can show themselves with increased frequency. Aspects related to diagnosis and the choice of the best treatment can also be improved with retrospective studies, where all the segments linked to animal care gain the opportunity aggregate new knowledge. At the same time, such data can serve as a basis for the adoption of preventive measures with animal owners in order to guide them on the proper handling, aiming at the well-being and health of the horses.

El Hospital de Clínicas Veterinarias de la UFRGS (HCV), ubicado en la ciudad de Porto Alegre, secaracteriza como un hospital-escuela atendiendo las más diversas especies animales. Entre sus sectores dispone de un servicio donde son atendidos, clínica y quirúrgicamente, animales de gran tamaño, siendo en su mayoría equinos. Se observó la importancia de realizar un estudio retrospectivo sobre los últimos anos, a fin de determinar la casuística de las enfermedades de los caballos atendidos en el HCV. Para ello, se realizó un relevamiento de los atendimientos entre enero de 2014 y agosto de 2017. En el período estudiado, fueron atendidos 438 caballos, siendo 265 (60,5%) machos y 173 (39,5%) hembras. Al final se pudo concluir sobre la importancia de los estudios de levantamientos de casos como éste, pues a partir de ellos muchos ajustes en relación al el correcto llenado de las fichas clínicas pueden ser incorporados, así como la posibilidad de establecer correlaciones futuras entre las afecciones y las características de edad, sexo y peso de los animales y el período del año en que éstos pueden presentarse con mayor frecuencia. Aspectos relacionados con el diagnóstico y la elección de las mejores terapias también pueden ser perfeccionados con estudios retrospectivos, donde todos los segmentos vinculados a la atención de los animales ganan la oportunidad de agregar nuevos conocimientos. Al mismo tiempo, tales datos pueden servir de base para la adopción de medidas preventivas junto a los tutores de los animales con el fin de orientarlos sobre el manejo adecuado, buscando el bienestar y la salud de los caballos.

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O Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da UFRGS (HCV), localizado na cidade de Porto Alegre, se caracteriza como um hospital-escola atendendo as mais diversas espécies animais. Entre os seus setores dispõe de um serviço onde são atendidos, clínica e cirurgicamente, animais de grande porte, sendo em sua maioria equinos. Observou-se a importância de realizar um estudo retrospectivo sobre os últimos anos, afim de determinar a casuística das enfermidades dos equinos atendidos no HCV. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento dos atendimentos entre janeiro de 2014 e agosto de 2017. No período estudado, foram atendidos 438 cavalos, sendo 265 (60,5%) machos e 173 (39,5%) fêmeas. Ao final foi possível concluir sobre a importância de estudos de levantamento de casos, como esse, pois a partir deles muitos ajustes em relação ao correto preenchimento das fichas clínicas podem ser incorporados, assim como a possibilidade de estabelecer correlações futuras entre as afecções e as caraterísticas de idade, sexo e peso dos animais e período do ano onde essas podem se apresentar com maior frequência. Aspectos relacionados ao diagnóstico e a escolha das melhores terapias também podem ser aperfeiçoados com estudos retrospectivos, onde todos os segmentos vinculados ao atendimento dos animais ganham a oportunidade de agregar novos conhecimentos. Ao mesmo tempo, tais dados podem servir de base para a adoção de medidas preventivas junto aos tutores dos animais no intuito de orientá-los sobre o manejo adequado, visando o bem-estar e a saúde dos cavalos.(AU)

The UFRGS Veterinary Clinics Hospital (HCV), located in the city of Porto Alegre, is characterized as a school-hospital, attending all kinds of difterent animals. Among its sectors there is a service in which large animals, horses in majority, are attended, clinically and surgically. It has been observed the importance of doing a retrospective study about the recent years, to determine the casuistry of equine diseases attended in the HCV. To that end, a survey of the attendances was carried out between january 2014 and august 2017. During the study period, 438 horses, being 265 (60,5%) males and 173 (39,5%) females were attended to. In the end it was possible to conclude on the importance of case-studies, such as this one, because from them, many adjusts in relation to the correct filling of clinical records can be incorporated, as well as the possibility of establishing future correlations between the diseases and the animals' age, sex and weight characteristics and the period of the year where these can show themselves with increased frequency. Aspects related to diagnosis and the choice of the best treatment can also be improved with retrospective studies, where all the segments linked to animal care gain the opportunity aggregate new knowledge. At the same time, such data can serve as a basis for the adoption of preventive measures with animal owners in order to guide them on the proper handling, aiming at the well-being and health of the horses.(AU)

El Hospital de Clínicas Veterinarias de la UFRGS (HCV), ubicado en la ciudad de Porto Alegre, secaracteriza como un hospital-escuela atendiendo las más diversas especies animales. Entre sus sectores dispone de un servicio donde son atendidos, clínica y quirúrgicamente, animales de gran tamaño, siendo en su mayoría equinos. Se observó la importancia de realizar un estudio retrospectivo sobre los últimos anos, a fin de determinar la casuística de las enfermedades de los caballos atendidos en el HCV. Para ello, se realizó un relevamiento de los atendimientos entre enero de 2014 y agosto de 2017. En el período estudiado, fueron atendidos 438 caballos, siendo 265 (60,5%) machos y 173 (39,5%) hembras. Al final se pudo concluir sobre la importancia de los estudios de levantamientos de casos como éste, pues a partir de ellos muchos ajustes en relación al el correcto llenado de las fichas clínicas pueden ser incorporados, así como la posibilidad de establecer correlaciones futuras entre las afecciones y las características de edad, sexo y peso de los animales y el período del año en que éstos pueden presentarse con mayor frecuencia. Aspectos relacionados con el diagnóstico y la elección de las mejores terapias también pueden ser perfeccionados con estudios retrospectivos, donde todos los segmentos vinculados a la atención de los animales ganan la oportunidad de agregar nuevos conocimientos. Al mismo tiempo, tales datos pueden servir de base para la adopción de medidas preventivas junto a los tutores de los animales con el fin de orientarlos sobre el manejo adecuado, buscando el bienestar y la salud de los caballos.(AU)

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Symptoms of fruit phyllody and slow growth, which are suggestive of phytoplasma infection, were observed in strawberry plants cultivated in commercial fields. In order to provide evidence of association of phytoplasma with affected plants, assays for detecting and identifying were performed through computer-simulated restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and phylogenetic analysis. Total DNA was extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic samples and used as template in nested PCR primed by the primers P1/Tint followed by R16F2n/16R2. Amplified DNA fragments of 1.2 kb from the 16S rRNA gene revealed the presence of phytoplasma in all symptomatic samples. Molecular detection was confirmed by electron transmission microscopy, which evidenced pleomorphic bodies in the phloem vessels. Nucleotide sequence representative of the strawberry phytoplasma shared 97.2 to 99 % similarity with phytoplasmas currently classified as members of the distinct subgroups within the 16SrXIII group. Similarity coefficient (F) values ranged from 0.70 to 0.92, indicating that strawberry phytoplasma delineates a new strain in addition to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma hispanicum'-related strains. The evolutionary tree displayed that this strain emerges as a new branch in relation to those previously described. The novel strain, designated SFP (strawberry fruit phyllody) phytoplasma represents the new 16SrXIII-J subgroup and its sequence, denominated SFP-Br02, was deposited in the GenBank database (EU719108). These findings contribute for the knowledge of the genetic diversity existing among members of the group 16SrXIII and establishes strawberry as an additional host of representatives of this group in Brazil.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor skills and cognition. As brain structure and function are compromised, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be a helpful tool to further investigate how intrinsic connectivity is impaired on the disease. The precuneus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are hub regions involved on the default mode network (DMN), a system that is active during rest and related to cognitive processes. We hypothesized that PD patients would present a decrease in functional connectivity among these two regions and the rest of the brain. Our goal was to identify regions in which functional connectivity to precuneus and mPFC was altered in PD. This study was based on resting-state fMRI data from 37 healthy subjects and 55 PD patients. Precuneus and mPFC were selected as seed regions in a whole brain functional connectivity mapping. As expected, we found abnormal connectivity from precuneus to motor system regions in PD patients, pointing toward a decreased connectivity in the disease. No significant group effects were found for the mPFC. Our findings suggest that internetwork connectivity from DMN to motor system is impaired in PD.

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BACKGROUND: No effective cure exists for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Low-burden self-management strategies that can slow disease progression are needed. Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are a source of knee pain and accelerate cartilage loss. Importantly, they may be responsive to biomechanical off-loading treatments. OBJECTIVE: The study objective is to investigate whether, in people with medial tibiofemoral OA, daily cane use for 12 weeks reduces the volume of medial tibiofemoral BMLs and improves pain, physical function, and health-related quality of life. DESIGN: This study will be an assessor-masked, 2-arm, parallel-group, multisite randomized controlled trial. SETTING: The community will serve as the setting for this study. PARTICIPANTS: The study participants will be people who are 50 years old or older and have medial tibiofemoral OA and at least 1 medial tibiofemoral BML. INTERVENTION: The participants will be allocated to either the cane group (using a cane daily whenever walking for 12 weeks) or the control group (not using any gait aid for 12 weeks). MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes will be measured at baseline and 13 weeks. The primary outcome will be total medial tibiofemoral BML volume measured from magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary outcomes will include BML volume of the medial tibia and/or femur, knee pain overall and on walking, physical function, participant-perceived global change, and health-related quality of life. Additional measures will include physical activity, cointerventions, adverse events, participation, participant demographics, cane training process measures and feasibility, barriers to and facilitators of cane use, and loss to follow-up. LIMITATIONS: People who are morbidly obese will not be included because of difficulties with magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study will help to determine whether cane use can alter disease progression in people with medial tibiofemoral OA and/or influence clinical symptoms. This study may directly influence clinical guidelines for the management of knee OA.

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The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of high and low supplementation levels pre- and post-weaning on performance, endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive responses of Nellore heifers. Fifty Nellore heifers with 132 ± 9.9 kg average body weight (BW) and 138 ± 19 days of age were supplemented from 4 to 14 months. The heifers were distributed into five supplementation plans: HH-6 g/kg of BW of supplement pre- and post-weaning, HL-6 g/kg of BW of supplement pre-weaning and 3 g/kg post-weaning, LH-3 g/kg of BW pre-weaning and 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning, LL-3 g/kg of BW pre- and post-weaning, and CC-control, no supplementation. Interactions were not significant (P > 0.10). The level of supplement fed pre-weaning did not affect any of the performance variables evaluated at the end of the experiment (P > 0.10). There was a significant effect of supplementation and level of supplementation fed post-weaning on average daily gain (ADG) and final BW (P < 0.05). Overall ADG was also affected only by supplementation and level of supplement fed post-weaning (P < 0.05) with animals receiving 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning gaining more weight. Follicular diameter was greater in animals that received 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning (P < 0.05). In summary, performance, endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive variables evaluated in the current study were improved by the level of supplement fed post-weaning. Heifers receiving supplementation of 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning had greater responses, independent of the level received during the pre-weaning phase.

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Creep feeding has been used to reduce calves' nutritional dependence on the cow, but research results under tropical conditions have not been conclusive about the effects on the cow. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of high and low supplementation levels for Nellore heifer calves on performance, milk production, and metabolic profile of their mothers. Fifty multiparous Nellore cows and their respective calves were used. The following treatments were evaluated: 0-control, no supplement was fed to calves; 3-calves received supplement in the amount of 3 g/kg of body weight (BW); 6-calves received supplement in the amount of 6 g/kg of BW. There was no significant effect of level of supplementation offered to offspring on cow BW, body condition score (BCS) and subcutaneous fat thickness (P > 0.05). Level of supplementation of heifer calves did not significantly affect milk production corrected to 4% of fat (P > 0.05). Fat, protein, lactose, and total solids of the milk also did not differ among supplementation strategies (P > 0.05). Level of supplement fed to calves had no effect on cows' glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, total protein, and albumin levels (P > 0.05), but cows nursing calves that did not receive supplement had lower level of serum urea N (SUN; P < 0.05). We conclude that creep feeding in the amounts of 3 or 6 g/kg of BW daily has no major impact on dams' performance and metabolism.

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OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of substantia nigra fractional anisotropy (SN-FA) for Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis in a sample similar to the clinical setting, including patients with essential tremor (ET) and healthy controls (HC). We also performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate mean change in SN-FA induced by PD and its diagnostic accuracy. METHODS: Our sample consisted of 135 subjects: 72 PD, 21 ET and 42 HC. To address inter-scanner variability, two 3.0-T MRI scans were performed. MRI results of this sample were pooled into a meta-analysis that included 1,432 subjects (806 PD and 626 HC). A bivariate model was used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy measures. RESULTS: In our sample, we did not observe a significant effect of disease on SN-FA and it was uninformative for diagnosis. The results of the meta-analysis estimated a 0.03 decrease in mean SN-FA in PD relative to HC (CI: 0.01-0.05). However, the discriminatory capability of SN-FA to diagnose PD was low: pooled sensitivity and specificity were 72 % (CI: 68-75) and 63 % (CI: 58-70), respectively. There was high heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 91.9 %). CONCLUSIONS: SN-FA cannot be used as an isolated measure to diagnose PD. KEY POINTS: • SN-FA appears insufficiently sensitive and specific to diagnose PD. • Radiologists must be careful when translating mean group results to clinical practice. • Imaging protocol and analysis standardization is necessary for developing reproducible quantitative biomarkers.

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RESUMO

Foi atendida no hospital veterinário da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS) uma cadela, com seis meses, atropelada havia 12 horas que apresentava dispneia grave e sangramento na cavidade oral. Ao exame físico apresentou-se hipocorada, hipotérmica e com leve dor à palpação abdominal e torácica. Foi estabilizada através de oxigenioterapia (por colocação de sonda nasal, com fluxo direto de oxigênio a um litro por minuto) e analgesia (morfina, 0,5mg/kg, por via subcutânea). Realizou-se em seguida exame radiográfico de tórax, nas posições laterolateral direito e dorsoventral, que evidenciou opacificação homogênea da região periférica, com visibilização de fissuras interlobares bilateralmente, compatível com efusão pleural, além de opacificação de padrão alveolar, sugestivo de contusão pulmonar.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Foi atendida no hospital veterinário da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS) uma cadela, com seis meses, atropelada havia 12 horas que apresentava dispneia grave e sangramento na cavidade oral. Ao exame físico apresentou-se hipocorada, hipotérmica e com leve dor à palpação abdominal e torácica. Foi estabilizada através de oxigenioterapia (por colocação de sonda nasal, com fluxo direto de oxigênio a um litro por minuto) e analgesia (morfina, 0,5mg/kg, por via subcutânea). Realizou-se em seguida exame radiográfico de tórax, nas posições laterolateral direito e dorsoventral, que evidenciou opacificação homogênea da região periférica, com visibilização de fissuras interlobares bilateralmente, compatível com efusão pleural, além de opacificação de padrão alveolar, sugestivo de contusão pulmonar.(AU)

Assuntos