RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Patient satisfaction is the degree of conformity with the healthcare they receive. It is real evidence and one of the most important factors in determining the effectiveness and quality of healthcare systems. OBJECTIVE: To identify the quality of care in the Urology outpatient department of a third-level hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The NHS (National Health Service) 2018 quality of care questionnaire with 11 sections, 133 items, and duration of approximately 25min was randomly administered to 250 patients attending Urology outpatients at a third-level public hospital in Mexico. RESULTS: According to responses, 92% (n=230) knew the reason for the consultation. 64.8% (n=162) had a consultation with the same physician by whom they were initially seen. The longest reported hospital wait time before being seen was more than 2h in 29.6% (n=74). As for consultation time, 212 patients responded and the duration was 11-20min in 52.8% (n=112). Finally, 33.2% (n=83) considered the quality of service to be good. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the NHS 2018 survey in the Urology service at a third-level public hospital in Mexico is feasible, since we managed to obtain a significant and continuous improvement in all its indicators which is satisfactory for all.
Assuntos
Hospitais Públicos , Satisfação do Paciente , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Urologia , México , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Adulto , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , AdolescenteRESUMO
La hemorragia del tracto digestivo superior (HTDS) es el sangrado originado por encima del ángulo de Treitz. A pesar del aumento en las estrategias de prevención, del incremento en los tratamientos con Inhibidor de bomba de protones (IBP) y de la intervención endoscópica temprana, esta patología sigue siendo una causa frecuente de consulta a urgencias, con una morbimortalidad no despreciable y alta carga para el sistema de salud. Esta revisión se enfoca en la HTDS de causa diferente a las varices. La principal causante de esta entidad es la enfermedad ácido-péptica, que es consecuencia del gran consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINES) y de la infección por Helicobacter Pylori. Otras causas son el síndrome de Mallory Weiss, la esofagitis erosiva, las malformaciones arteriovenosas y la malignidad.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) refers to any bleeding originating above the angle of Treitz. Despite an increase in prevention strategies, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and early endoscopic intervention, this pathology continues to be an important cause of admission to the emergency department for gastrointestinal causes, having a pretty high morbidity and mortality in addition to a high burden on the health system. This review focuses on non-variceal UGIB. The main cause of this entity being peptic acid disease, due to great consumption of NSAIDs and Helicobacter Pylori infection. Other causes are Mallory Weiss syndrome, erosive esophagitis, arteriovenous malformations, and malignancy.
A hemorragia do trato digestivo superior (HTDS) é o sangrado originado acima do ângulo de Treitz. Apesar do aumento nas estratégias de prevenção, do incremento nos tratamentos com Inibidor da bomba de prótons (IBP) e da intervenção endoscópica precoce, esta patologia segue sendo uma causa frequente de consulta a urgências, com uma morbimortalidade não depreciável e alta carga para o sistema de saúde. Esta revisão se enfoca na HTDS de causa diferente às varizes. A principal causante desta entidade é a doença ácido-péptica, que é consequência do grande consumo de anti-inflamatórios não esteróideos (AINES) e da infecção por HelicobacterPylori. Outras causas são a síndrome de Mallory Weiss, a esofagites erosiva, as malformações arteriovenosas e a malignidade. Palavras-chave: hemorragia gastrointestinal; úlcera péptica; endoscopia gastrointestinal; inibidores da bomba de prótons; medicina geral.
Assuntos
Humanos , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal , Úlcera Péptica , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Helicobacter pylori , Trato Gastrointestinal , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Esofagite , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons , Síndrome de Mallory-Weiss , NeoplasiasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Adolescents exposed to second-hand smoke have a higher risk of morbidity. This is one of the main preventable public health problems in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke at home and out-of-home, in school adolescents from Tunja-Colombia. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study included 1100 school students, aged between 11 and 19 years. The information was obtained using a self-administered and totally anonymous questionnaire. For the analysis, the proportions of everyday exposure and the mean number of days of exposure to second-hand smoke during a regular week were estimated. For the associations, ordinal logistic regression and negative binomial regression models were performed. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 14.5 years, with the majority (59%) being female. As regards second-hand tobacco smoke exposure at home, an everyday prevalence of 4.9% was found, from 1 to 6 days of 14.7%, with a mean exposure of 0.7 days (SD 1.7). Additionally, there was a higher prevalence of exposure to second-hand smoke out-of-home: every day 8%, from 1 to 6 days of 34.1%, with a mean exposure of 1.5 days (SD 2.2). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of exposure to second-hand smoke in adolescents of Tunja was high. Interventions at school and family level are recommended to counteract this problem.
Assuntos
Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco , Adolescente , Criança , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estudantes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a plant that has generated great interest in recent years because of its attributed medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to characterize the bioactive compounds of moringa leaves (MO) and evaluate their effect on a colorectal carcinogenesis model. Twenty-four male CD-1 mice were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 fed with basal diet (negative control/NC); Group 2 received AOM/DSS (positive control); Groups 3 and 4 were fed with basal diet supplemented with moringa leaves (2.5% w/w and 5% w/w, respectively) for 12weeks. Moringa leaves exhibited a high content of dietary fiber (~18.75%) and insoluble dietary fiber (2.29%). There were identified 9 phenolic compounds whereas the chlorogenic and ρ-coumaric acid showed the higher contents (44.23-63.34µg/g and 180.45-707.42µg/g, respectively). Moringa leaves decreased the activity of harmful fecal enzymes (ß-glucosidase, ß-glucuronidase, tryptophanase and urease up to 40%, 43%, 103% and 266%, respectively) as well tumors incidence in male CD1-mice (~50% with 5% w/v of moringa dose). These findings suggest that the bioactive compounds of moringa such as total dietary fiber and phenolic compounds may have chemopreventive capacity. This is the first study of the suppressive effect of moringa leaves in an in vivo model of AOM/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Químicos , Neoplasias Colorretais/dietoterapia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Moringa oleifera/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/análise , Azoximetano , Dietoterapia , Fibras na Dieta , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fezes/enzimologia , Glucuronidase/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Fenóis , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Triptofanase/efeitos dos fármacos , Urease/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Glucosidase/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas de las derivaciones fecales y urinarias, las características demográficas de los pacientes ostomizados y las características de los productos utilizados en un Centro Especializado en Cuidado de Heridas y Ostomías de la Ciudad de México. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal en el cual se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de personas ostomizadas atendidas durante el año 2016. Resultados: Se analizaron 143 expedientes. La media de edad fue de 56.3±15.2 años. El diagnóstico más común fue el cáncer de colon (27.8%). Las características presentes en mayor proporción fueron: colostomías descendentes (44.7%), regulares (56.6%), diámetro medio de 30±8 mm; ángulo de drenaje al centro (36.4%), de una boca (69.2%), sin marcaje quirúrgico (55.2%), mucosa viable (100%), planos (49.6%), efluente pastoso (51.0%). El 51.7% de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones estomales y el 54.5% complicaciones de la piel periestomal, las cuales fueron resueltas en el 68.0% de los casos, en un tiempo medio de 16.3± 11.5 días. Conclusión: Los resultados del presente estudio aportan evidencia respecto a la necesidad permanente de desarrollar profesionales de Enfermería especializados en terapia enterostomal e incorporarlos al Sistema Nacional de Salud como miembros indispensables del equipo multidisciplinario.
Objective: To describe the epidemiologic characteristics of fecal and urinary derivations, the demographic characteristics of ostomized patients, and the characteristics of utilized products, in a Specialized Center of Wounds and Ostomy Care in Mexico City. Methodology: This is a descriptive, retrospective, and transversal study in which, clinical registers of ostomized patients in 2016 were reviewed. Results: 143 registers were reviewed. The mean age was 56.3±15.2. The most common underlying diagnosis was colon cancer (27.8%). The most prevailing characteristics were: descending colostomy (44.7%), regular (56.6%), median diameter 30±8mm, angle of drainage at center (36.4%), one mouth (69.2%), without surgical mark (55.2%), viable mucous membrane (100%), planes (49.6%), and thick discharge (51.0%). Fifty one point seven percent of the patients showed stomal complications and 54.7% showed peristomal skin complications, which were further solved in 68.0% of these cases in a mean time of 16.3±11.5 days. Conclusion: The results of this study provided evidence regarding the permanent need to prepare enterostomal therapy specialized nursing professionals and incorporate them into the National Health System as indispensable members of the multidisciplinary teams.
Objetivo: Descrever as características epidemiológicas das derivações fecais e urinarias, características demográficas dos pacientes ostomizados e características dos produtos utilizados em um Centro Especializado em Cuidado de Feridas e Ostomias da Cidade do México. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e transversal onde se revisaram os expedientes clínicos de pessoas ostomizadas atendidas durante o ano de 2016. Resultados: Analisaram-se 143 expedientes. A média de idade foi de 56.3±15.2. O diagnóstico mais comum foi o câncer de cólon (27.8%). As características presentes em maior proporção foram: colostomias descendentes (44.7%), regulares (56.6%), diâmetro médio de 30±8 mm; ângulo de drenagem ao centro (36.4%), de uma boca (69.2%), sem marcação cirúrgica (55.2%), mucosa viável (100%), planos (49.6%), efluente pastoso (51.0%). O 51.7% dos pacientes apresentaram complicações estomacais e o 54.5% de complicações da pele periestomal, as quais foram resolvidas no 68.0% dos casos, em um tempo médio de 16.3±11.5 dias. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo aportam evidência respeito à necessidade permanente de desenvolver profissionais de Enfermagem especializados em Terapia Enterostomal e incorporá-los ao Sistema Nacional de Saúde como membros indispensáveis da equipe multidisciplinar.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pacientes , Estomia , Características de Estudos EpidemiológicosRESUMO
Dinoflagellate algal blooms (DABs), with Lingulodinium polyedrum as the dominant species, have increased over the past few years in coastal areas off Baja California, Mexico. Vertical and temporal variability of particulate cadmium (Cdp), dissolved Cd (Cdd), PO4(3-) and Cdd/PO4(3-) were investigated during two intense DABs of L. polyedrum that occurred during the fall of 2011 and 2012 in Todos Santos Bay. Results were then, compared with data gathered in the absence of algal blooms during the autumn of 2013. In both algal blooms, L. polyedrum tended to be concentrated near the surface throughout the duration; however, during DAB 2011 the number of cells was twice as abundant ([10.0 ± 8.0] × 10(5) cells L(-1)) as in DAB 2012 ([5.0 ± 4.4] × 10(5) cells L(-1)). During DAB 2011, Cdp increased significantly (up to 1.02 ± 0.99 nmol kg(-1)) and was positively correlated with the cell abundance of L. polyedrum, suggesting that this dinoflagellate is able to assimilate and concentrate Cdd. Likewise, Cdd (up to 0.71 ± 0.17 nM) increased in the days of highest cell abundance, which could be attributed to uptake and subsequent regeneration of Cdd resulting from the remineralization of organic particulate matter produced during the bloom, as well as with the presence of organic ligands secreted by L. polyedrum that could keep Cdd in solution. During DAB 2011, dissolved Cdd/PO4(3-) ratios exhibited high vertical and temporal variability in the upper 5 m of the water column, but remained virtually constant near the bottom, suggesting a depth-dependent decoupling between these two dissolved components during the bloom development. Given the observed differences in the vertical and temporal variability of Cdd, Cdp, and PO4(3-) between these two intense DABs, we propose the existence of an abundance threshold of approximately 10(6) cells L(-1) of L. polyedrum above which Cd and PO4(3-) significantly increased due to remineralization in coastal waters during the bloom development.
Assuntos
Dinoflagellida/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Eutrofização , Fosfatos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Poluição Química da Água/estatística & dados numéricos , Baías/química , Monitoramento Ambiental , MéxicoRESUMO
Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas de las úlceras por presión, de la población que las desarrolla y estimar los costos directos del cuidado de estas lesiones en diversos servicios de un hospital de segundo nivel de atención. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo y transversal donde se valoró la población mayor de edad de los servicios de cirugía general, cirugía plástica y reconstructiva, medicina interna y unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital de segundo nivel de atención. Cada paciente fue valorado diariamente por 30 días consecutivos aplicando un formato de registros clínicos. Resultados Se valoraron 218 pacientes, de los cuales 61 presentaron una o más UPP, se detectaron un total de 378 lesiones. Se reportó una prevalencia cruda del 28.0% y una incidencia del 13.3%. La edad media de los pacientes afectados fue 61.4 ± 20.9. Las enfermedades más frecuentes fueron las cardiovasculares. La mayor proporción de pacientes con UPP presentaron algún tipo de incontinencia y/o sobrepeso. La puntuación media en la Escala de Braden fue 12.5 ± 2.8. La mayor proporción de UPP se localizó en los talones, el sacro y los omóplatos, con categoría I el 81.5%. Los costos directos del cuidado de UPP fueron estimados en 6,457.64 $ MXN per cápita al día. Conclusión: Las UPP continúan siendo un problema para los pacientes hospitalizados en unidades hospitalarias de segundo nivel de atención, que requieren de intervenciones a nivel asistencial, de los gestores del cuidado y autoridades sanitarias, optimizar los recursos materiales y humanos disponibles y formular políticas sanitarias enfocadas en la prevención y atención de las UPP.
Objective: To describe the epidemiologic characteristics of pressure ulcers and of the affected population and estimate the direct costs of care at diverse services in a second level of attention hospital. Methodology: Descriptive and transversal design studying the elder population of the General Surgery, Plastic and Surgery, Internal Medicine, and Intensive Care services in a second level of attention hospital. Each patient was assessed. Methodology: Descriptive and cross-sectional study, in which the entire population over 18 years old of General Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Internal Medicine and Intensive Care services in second level of attention hospital. Each patient was assessed on a daily basis during 30 consecutive days through clinical registers Results: From 218 patients assessed, 61 showed one or more pressure ulcers. The total number of lesions detected was 378. A raw prevalence of 28% was reported, as well as an incidence of 13.3%. The median age of the patients was 61.4 ± 20.9 years old. The most prevalent pathologies found were cardiovascular illnesses. The majority of patients suffering from pressure ulcer showed some type of incontinence and/or overweight. The median score in the Braden scale turned out to be 12.5 ± 2.8. The majority of pressure sores were localized at the heels, sacrum, and scapula, with 81.5% being category I. The pressure ulcers direct costs were estimated at $6,457.64 MXN per person per day. Conclusion: Pressure ulcers continue being a problem for hospitalized patients in second level of attention hospital units. Therefore, it is necessary that healthcare authorities and providers offer assistance interventions, optimize available human and material resources, and develop sanitary policies focused towards both preventing and attending pressure sores.
Objetivo: Descrever características epidemiológicas das úlceras por pressão, da população que as desenvolve e calcular os custos diretos do cuidado destas lesões em diversos serviços de um hospital de segundo nível de atenção. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo e transversal onde se avaliou a população idosa dos serviços de cirurgia geral, cirurgia plástica e reconstrutiva, medicina interna e unidade de cuidados intensivos de um hospital de segundo nível de atenção. Cada paciente foi avaliado diariamente por 30 dias consecutivos aplicando um formato de registros clínicos. Resultados: Avaliaram-se 218 pacientes, dos quais 61 apresentaram uma ou mais UPP, detectando um total de 378 lesões. Reportou-se uma prevalência crua de 28.0% e uma incidência de 13.3%. A idade meia dos pacientes afetados foi de 61.4 ± 20.9. As patologias mais frequentes foram doenças cardiovasculares. A maior proporção de pacientes com UPP apresentaram algum tipo de incontinência e/ou sobrepeso. A pontuação meia na Escala de Bradem foi 12.5 ± 2.8. A maior proporção de UPP se localizou em calcanhares, sacro e omoplatas, sendo Categoria I, o 81.5%. Os custos diretos do cuidado de UPP foram calculados em 6,457.64 $ MXN per capita ao dia. Conclusão: As UPP continuam sendo um problema para os pacientes hospitalizados em unidades hospitalares do segundo nível de atenção, precisando de intervenções a nível assistencial, dos gestores de cuidado e autoridades sanitárias, melhorar os recursos materiais e humanos disponíveis e formular políticas sanitárias focalizadas na prevenção e atenção das UPP.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
En este estudio se evaluó la adaptación de una cepa compatible con Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans a altas densidades de pulpa de calcopirita, esfalerita y galena, con dos distribuciones de tamaño de partícula, -200 y -325 serie Tyler de tamices. Los microorganismos fueron adaptados por la disminución gradual de la fuente principal de energía, sulfato ferroso, y el aumento en el contenido de mineral, para finalmente realizar un subcultivo sin la adición de fuente de energía externa. La realización de subcultivos en serie resultó ser una estrategia eficaz para la adaptación a altas densidades de pulpa de esfalerita, calcopirita y galena indicando que el protocolo empleado es adecuado. Los resultados muestran que la cepa compatible con Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans es más resistente a altas concentraciones de esfalerita, seguido por calcopirita y finalmente por galena. El tamaño de partícula juega un papel fundamental en la adaptación de los microorganismos al mineral.
In this study the adaptation of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans-like to high concentrations of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena were evaluated with two mineral-particle sizes: 200 and 325 Tyler mesh. The strain was adapted using two simultaneous processes. The first one consisted in a gradual decreasing of the main energy source, ferrous sulphate. The second one consisted in a gradual increasing of the mineral content. Finally, a test was made without ferrous sulphate. The serial subculturing was found to be an efficient strategy to adapt Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans-like to higher concentrations of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. This indicates that a suitable protocol was employed. The results showed that Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans-like is more resistant to high concentration of sphalerite, chalcopyrite and galena in descendant order. The particle size played an important role in the adaption of microorganism to the mineral.
Assuntos
Adaptação Biológica/fisiologia , Adaptação Biológica/genética , Adaptação Biológica/imunologiaRESUMO
Mercury and arsenic levels in muscle and liver of Rhinoptera steindachneri were determined in organisms collected in 2006. Element concentrations in both tissues were directly related to size. Maxima mean concentrations of Hg and As (0.41 and 59.9 microg g(-1) dry wt, respectively) were found in adults muscle. Mercury concentrations were significantly different between juveniles and adults in muscle and liver. For As concentrations, differences between juveniles and adults were found only in muscle. Mercury concentrations were higher in muscle of juveniles and adults. Arsenic concentrations were higher in liver of juveniles, and in muscle of adults. Maximum Hg concentration in muscle (0.65 microg g(-1) dry wt) was below the safe limit established by Mexican regulations for seafood.
Assuntos
Arsênio/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Mercúrio/metabolismo , Músculos/metabolismo , Rajidae/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Animais , Monitoramento Ambiental , MéxicoRESUMO
Amaranth seeds are rich in protein with a high nutritional value, but little is known about their bioactive compounds that could benefit health. The objectives of this research were to investigate the presence, characterization, and the anticarcinogenic properties of the peptide lunasin in amaranth seeds. Furthermore, to predict and identify other peptides in amaranth seed with potential biological activities. ELISA showed an average concentration of 11.1 microg lunasin equivalent/g total extracted protein in four genotypes of mature amaranth seeds. Glutelin fraction had the highest lunasin concentration (3.0 microg/g). Lunasin was also identified in albumin, prolamin and globulin amaranth protein fractions and even in popped amaranth seeds. Western blot analysis revealed a band at 18.5 kDa, and MALDI-TOF analysis showed that this peptide matched more than 60% of the soybean lunasin peptide sequence. Glutelin extracts digested with trypsin, showed the induction of apoptosis against HeLa cells. Prediction of other bioactive peptides in amaranth globulins and glutelins were mainly antihypertensive. This is the first study that reports the presence of a lunasin-like peptide and other potentially bioactive peptides in amaranth protein fractions.
Assuntos
Amaranthus/química , Glutens/química , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Sementes , Amaranthus/genética , Anticarcinógenos , Anti-Hipertensivos , Apoptose , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Genótipo , Células HeLa , Humanos , Peso Molecular , Valor Nutritivo , Mapeamento de Peptídeos , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Sementes/química , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Tea has been consumed worldwide since ancient times to maintain and improve health. Its main active components are a type of polyphenols known as flavonoids, which include catechins and theaflavins. Several epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of green tea could prevent cancer development in humans. Likewise, animal studies have shown that green tea consumption may inhibit the development of prostate and breast cancer. It has been shown that, through several mechanisms, tea polyphenols present antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities, thus affording several health benefits. It is important to better characterize tea components, to study their bio-availability and bio-transformation in vivo and to conduct clinical studies of its main active compounds.
Assuntos
Humanos , Anticarcinógenos/uso terapêutico , Chá/química , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Anticarcinógenos/química , Chá/metabolismo , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins known for their ability to agglutinate cells, especially erythrocytes. Several lectins are toxic to mammalian cells both in vitro and in vivo, inhibit growth when incorporated into the diet and are toxic when injected into animals. On the other hand, the use of lectins has been suggested as an alternative in cancer treatment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of a lectin extracted and purified from tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius, G-400-34) on CD-1 mice. Fetuin affinity chromatography, electrophoretic pattern and Western-immunoblot techniques were used to purify and partially characterize the lectin. This tepary bean line presented high levels of lectin activity. Western blot revealed that the sera reacted with the known PHA subunits in the 34-40 kD range. Four major lectin and lectin-related glycopolypeptides were identified. The purified lectin from tepary bean was a tetrameric one that ran at about 115-120 kD. The LD(50) (ip) was 1100 mg/kg body weight for males and 1120 mg/kg body weight for females. The body weight of experimental animals decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The main target organs affected were small intestine, spleen and thymus. The lectin isolated from tepary bean showed affinity towards fetuin, with high agglutination values and low acute toxicity.
Assuntos
Phaseolus/química , Lectinas de Plantas/toxicidade , Animais , Western Blotting , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia de Afinidade , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Testes de Hemaglutinação , Intestino Delgado/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Dose Letal Mediana , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Peso Molecular , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Lectinas de Plantas/química , Lectinas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Distribuição Aleatória , Fatores Sexuais , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Timo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Toxicidade AgudaRESUMO
Diving conditions, dive profiles, and symptoms of decompression sickness (DCS) in a group of Miskito Indian underwater seafood harvesters are described. Dive profiles for 5 divers were recorded with dive computers, and DCS symptoms were assessed by neurological examination and interview. Divers averaged 10 dives a day over a 7-day period with a mean depth of 67 +/- 7 FSW (306 +/- 123 kPa) and average in-water time of 20.6 +/- 6.3 minutes. Limb pain was reported on 10 occasions during 35 man-days of diving. Symptoms were typically managed with analgesic medication rather than recompression. Indices of the decompression stress were estimated from the recorded profiles using a probabilistic model. We conclude that the dives were outside the limits of standard air decompression tables and that DCS symptoms were common. The high frequency of limb pain suggests the potential for dysbaric bone necrosis for these divers.
Assuntos
Doença da Descompressão/etiologia , Mergulho/efeitos adversos , Processamento Eletrônico de Dados/métodos , Indígenas Centro-Americanos , Adulto , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Doença da Descompressão/diagnóstico , Doença da Descompressão/epidemiologia , Honduras/epidemiologia , Honduras/etnologia , Humanos , Incidência , Perna (Membro) , Masculino , Fumar Maconha/epidemiologia , Osteonecrose/complicações , Dor/diagnóstico , Dor/epidemiologia , Dor/etiologia , ProbabilidadeRESUMO
The objective of the current study was to analyze the hepatotoxic effect caused by cypermethrin (CYP) in rats, and to evaluate the possible protective effect of the antioxidant alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T). Fifty male Wistar rats were given daily i.p. doses of 300 mg/kg per day of CYP during 7 days. Half of them were administered three previous doses of 100 mg/kg per day of alpha-T, followed by seven subsequent oral doses of 40 mg/kg per day of alpha-T. The levels of biochemical indicators and histological liver damage were determined, as well as DCVA in urine. CYP altered the lipid metabolism. Such alterations were inhibited 32% by alpha-T, except for LDL. Alterations in AST were modulated in 29%. In the histology, alpha-T reduced mitochondria damage, and swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver cells. The results suggest that alpha-T can modify CYP metabolism, changing the lipidic profile and the histological analysis.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Piretrinas/toxicidade , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacologia , Animais , Lipídeos/sangue , Fígado/patologia , Fígado/fisiologia , Masculino , Piretrinas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The use of protease inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of HIV infection. These agents are well tolerated, although the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) has warned U.S. doctors that protease inhibitors may precipitate hyperglycemia and diabetes (DM), based on isolated reports from physicians. METHODS: Sixty-one patients with HIV infection with criterion of non-DM from the onset of the protease inhibitor therapy participated in the study. Plasma glucose levels were obtained every month during a 6-month period, with a basal determination prior to protease inhibitor therapy. RESULTS: All Mexican patients enrolled in this study had the same Hispanic-American ethnic origin. Four patients (6.55%) developed hyperglycemia related with saquinavir. One had family history of DM type II. These patients were controlled with diet. CONCLUSIONS: Based on present data, we believe the benefits of these drugs to patients suffering from HIV infection outweigh the various risks of taking protease inhibitors. However, physicians who use these drugs have to be on the alert for hyperglycemia in the Mexican population, while patients should know the warning symptoms of hyperglycemia and diabetes.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/efeitos adversos , Hiperglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
Lycopene, obtained from fresh tomatoes, was incorporated into the chicks diet. The treatments were: (1) Control, (2) 1.5 mg T-2 toxin/kg body weight/day; (3) 25 mg lycopene/kg body weight/day, (4) 1.5 mg T-2 toxin plus 25 mg lycopene/kg body weight/day. Male broiler chicks, 7-28 days of age, were provided with feed and water ad libitum. Every 7 days, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, and enzymatic activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutathione peroxidase (GP) were evaluated in liver homogenates. Compared to the controls after 7 days of treatment, T-2 toxin increased hepatic MDA concentration (128%). A significant consumption of endogenous antioxidant GSH (45%) was induced as well as a marked increase in hepatic enzymatic activities of GST, GGT, and GP (312, 187, and 324%, respectively). Addition of T-2 plus lycopene, at an approximate ratio of 1:17 in the diet, diminished some parameters measured (P < 0.05). Apparently lycopene participated as an antioxidant agent and also protecting the cellular level of GSH.
Assuntos
Anticarcinógenos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Carotenoides/farmacologia , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Toxina T-2/farmacologia , Animais , Galinhas , Dieta , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Licopeno , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , gama-Glutamiltransferase/metabolismoRESUMO
The protein quality of fruits bodies of three Pleurotus ostreatus Mexican strains (INIREB-8, CDBB-H-896 and CDBB-H-897) was evaluated. The protein concentration (Nx4.38) ranged from 17.26 to 19.97 g/100 g dry weight; chemical scores were between 74 and 93% with available lysine as a first limiting amino acid in either INIREB-8 and CDBB-H-896 strains or leucine in CDBB-H-897 strain. The nutritional evaluation revealed 67.75 to 68.38% in vitro digestibility. Relative protein values were from 100.06-107.85%, which were lower than soybean meal and whole egg but larger than those of rice, maize, beans, fava beans and pasta, no differences were found between these values and those of skim milk powder, casein plus methionine and albumin. In accordance with the last results we concluded that due to their essential amino acids content, mushroom proteins are a good complement of cereals; furthermore, it is highly recommended to include Pleurotus in the daily diet.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Plantas/análise , Plantas Comestíveis/química , Pleurotus/química , México , Valor NutritivoRESUMO
Polyphenols in fruits, vegetables (e.g., flavonols like quercetin) and tea (e.g., catechins such as epigallocatechin gallate) are good antioxidants with antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. In the present study, the Salmonella typhimurium tester strain YG1024 was used in the plate-incorporation test to examine the antimutagenic effect of phenolic compounds, extracted from common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), on 1-NP and B[a]P mutagenicity. Dose-response curves for 1-NP and B[a]P were obtained; the number of net revertants/plate at the peak mutagenic dosage were 880 for 1-NP and 490 for B[a]P. For the antimutagenicity studies doses of 0.1 microg/plate and 2 microg/plate for 1-NP and B[a]P, respectively, were chosen. We obtained a dose-response curve of ellagic acid (EA) against B[a]P and 1-NP mutagenicity. To test the bean extract, a dose of 300 microg/plate of EA was chosen as the antimutagenic control. The EA and bean extracts were not toxic to the bacteria at the concentrations tested. The inhibitory effects of the bean extracts and EA against B[a]P mutagenicity were dose-dependent. The percentages of inhibition produced against B[a]P (2 microg/plate) using 300 microg/plate of EA and for the extracts 500 microg equivalent catechin/plate were 82%, 83%, 81% and 83% for EA, water extract, water/methanol extract and methanol extract, respectively. However, for 1-NP mutagenicity, only the methanolic extract from beans showed an inhibitory effect. These results suggest that common beans, as other legumes, can function as health-promoting foods.
Assuntos
Antimutagênicos/farmacologia , Fabaceae/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Antimutagênicos/isolamento & purificação , Benzo(a)pireno/farmacologia , Catequina/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Pirenos/farmacologia , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The temporal progress of malformation (MM) of mango (Mangifera indica) was studied from 1993 to 1995 with three management technologies applied to commercial plantations in North Guerrero, Mexico. Management influenced shoot production and thus determined the dynamics of epidemics. Environmental factors also affected disease incidence, particularly through an apparent effect on inoculum dispersal. In general, integrated management (IM), consisting of pruning, acaricide, and fungicide sprays, resulted in slower rates of epidemic development, lower levels of initial and final disease, and lesser areas under the disease progress curves. In the first cycle, IM increased yield per tree by 51% in relation to high technology (HT) and 74% in relation to lower traditional technology (LT), representing a benefit-cost rate of 2.8 and 3.3, respectively. Change of malformation incidence was correlated positively with the number of macroconidia of Fusarium sp. trapped in the canopy (r = 0.90, P = 0.0001) and wind speed (r = 0.83, P = 0.0001); both variables lagged over a 4-month period. The greatest change in malformation occurred during the main vegetative flush, which occurred 3 to 6 months after picking the fruit (May). The accumulated proportion of diseased shoots was correlated with the following variables measured over a 1-week period: average maximum daily temperature (r = -0.68, P = 0. 01), average temperature per hour (r = -0.59, P = 0.04), average number of hours with relative humidity ≥60% (r = -0.82, P = 0.001), and wind speed (r = 0.94, P = 0.0001). In general, the greatest spore density was found during the rainy season, with a morning periodicity showing the highest correlation with wind speed (r = 0.812, P = 0.0001). F. subglutinans was isolated consistently from diseased (86%) and asymptomatic (5%) vegetative and flowering shoots.
RESUMO
The potential of the Ardisia compressa extract (EA) was examined regarding its capacity to reduce the cytotoxic effect of benomyl on rat hepatocytes. The protective effect was evaluated by Janus Green dye exclusion method. An approximate 50% cytotoxic effect of benomyl on hepatocytes was observed at 35mug/ml after 2hr of incubation. (-)Epigallocatechin 3-gallato (EGCG) and EA decreased the viability of hepatocytes at concentrations above 3mug/ml and 2.52mug, equivalent to (+)catechin/ml, respectively. A protective effect against benomyl was observed when hepatocytes were previously exposed to EGCG (3mug/ml) or EA (2.52mug, equivalent to (+)catechin/ml) followed by incubation with benomyl (35mug/ml) alone. When EGCG or EA were in contact with cells, either simultaneously or after pretreatment with benomyl, did not protect hepatocytes. EGCG (1.3x10(-2)mug/ml) or EA (9.8x10(-2)mug, equivalent to (+)catechin/ml) inhibited 57% and 34%, respectively, the unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced by benomyl at a concentration of 23x10(-2)mum, when both were incubated with hepatocytes prior to benomyl. The simultaneous incubation of benomyl with EGCG or EA did not protect the cell against the genotoxic effect of benomyl. These results indicate that the dried leaves extract of Ardisia compressa protect rat hepatocytes from benomyl-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.